Incidence of dementia in very elderly individuals: a clinical, neuropathological and molecular genetic study
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: To evaluate the effect of medical record use on figures for the incidence of dementia and the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism on this incidence and neuropathologically defined Alzheimer's disease (AD) in very elderly individuals. METHODS: Cognitive functions were examined in a cohort of 328 (92% of the very elderly people of a town participated in this study) nondemented Finnish elderly individuals 85 years of age or more in 1991. The examination was repeated in survivors in 1994, 1996, 1999 and 2001. Medical notes and social work records were evaluated. All these individuals were genotyped for APOE. Neuropathological analysis of AD-type pathology was performed on 159 of 303 subjects who died during the follow-up. RESULTS: Age group, gender or APOE did not significantly affect the incidence of dementia, which was over 20% higher (85 vs. 69 per 1,000 person-years) if the cognitive status at death was ascertained by medical and social work records than without this evaluation. The APOE upsilon4 allele was highly significantly (p=0.002) and age almost significantly (p=0.06) associated with neuropathological AD in nondemented individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Medical records should be analyzed in studies on the incidence of dementia in very elderly individuals. APOE polymorphism does not affect the incidence of dementia in this age group. However, clinical dementia diagnosis in very elderly individuals does not necessarily correlate well with the presence of neuropathological AD which, even in this age group, is significantly associated with the APOE upsilon4 allele.
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Autopsy studies reveal at the time of death, brains from cognitively normal individuals frequently contain plaques.
“Autopsy studies reveal at the time of death, brains from cognitively normal individuals frequently contain plaques [77, 234-237].”
From The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives (2014) · cites this paper as [77]
Brains from individuals surviving to age 85 and beyond have at least some degree of plaque and tangle pathology.
“Brain histology surveys suggest that brains from individuals surviving to age 85 and beyond have at least some degree of plaque and tangle pathology [9, 54, 79].”
From Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondria (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
Since most young individuals will develop Aβ deposits if they live long enough, almost the entire population that doesn't already have AD is on their way to developing AD.
“Also, since most young individuals will develop Aβ deposits if they live long enough [9, 54, 79], almost the entire population that doesn’t already have AD is on their way to developing AD [3].”
From Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondria (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Polvikoski, T., Sulkava, R., Rastas, S., Sutela, A., Niinistö, L., Notkola, I.-L., Verkkoniemi, A., Viramo, P., Juva, K., & Haltia, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Kuopio University Hospital (FI)
- University of Oulu (FI)
- Venue
- Neuroepidemiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 76-82
- ISSN
- 0251-5350 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0208
- OpenAlex
- W1967290920
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuroepidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- dementia incidence, oldest old, apolipoprotein E, APOE ε4, Alzheimer's disease pathology, medical records, dementia diagnosis, cognitive function
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Medical Records, Polymorphism, Genetic, Cohort Studies, Incidence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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