High Frequency of Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 Allele in Young Individuals with Very Mild Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neurofibrillary Changes
Abstract
The pathological process of initial neurofibrillary (NF) changes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the early preclinical phase of the disease. In a small percentage of individuals, these initial NF changes (Braaks' stage I of six stages) may develop at a surprisingly young age. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on the development of such initial NF changes in young individuals. To this end, the ApoE genotypes were determined using a seminested polymerase chain reaction assay followed by restriction isotyping in young individuals (n = 44; mean age of 38 years) with initial NF changes (stage I). The results were compared with ApoE genotypes of age-matched controls (n = 70) devoid of such changes (stage 0). Stage I cases exhibited a significantly higher epsilon4 allele frequency compared to controls (0.18 vs 0.09, P = 0.039). Thus, the present study reveals an association of epsilon4 allele with the early onset of AD-related NF changes in young individuals. This finding underlines the relevance of the asymptomatic phase in the course of AD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some studies reported a positive relationship between neurofibrillary tangle density and apoE ε4 allele dosage.
“Although some studies reported a positive relationship between the neurofibrillary tangle density and apoE ε4 allele dosage (Ghebremedhin et al., 1998; Nagy et al., 1995; Ohm et al., 1995; Polvikoski et al., 1995)”
From The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease (2009) · cites this paper as Ghebremedhin et al., 1998
Carriers of an apolipoprotein E (apoE) E4 allele show at younger ages increased neocortical beta amyloid deposits and EC NFTs.
“Carriers of an apolipoprotein E (apoE) E4 allele show at younger ages increased neocortical beta amyloid deposits (6) and EC NFTs (7).”
NFT depositions damage neurons, favor the hippocampal formation over the neocortex in preclinical AD stages, and may be accelerated in E4 carriers.
“NFT depositions, on the other hand, damage neurons (45), favor the hippocampal formation over the neocortex in preclinical AD stages (3, 4), and may also be accelerated in E4 carriers (7).”
Cites
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123 · see citing works
Self-citationCorder, E. H., Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., Gaskell, P. C., Small, G. W., Roses, A. D., Haines, J. L., & Pericak-Vance, M. A. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8346443 · Cited by 9,429 · see citing works
Strittmatter, W. J., Saunders, A. M., Schmechel, D., Pericak-Vance, M., Enghild, J., Salvesen, G. S., & Roses, A. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.1977 · Cited by 4,268 · see citing works
Association of apolipoprotein E allele ϵ4 with late‐onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D., St. George-Hyslop, P. H., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Joo, S. H., Rosi, B. L., Gusella, J. F., Crapper-MacLachlan, D. R., Alberts, M. J., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.8.1467 · Cited by 3,786 · see citing works
Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease
Arriagada, P. V., Growdon, J. H., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., & Hyman, B. T. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.3.631 · Cited by 2,668 · see citing works
Frequency of Stages of Alzheimer-Related Lesions in Different Age Categories
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00056-0 · Cited by 1,656 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease
Poirier, J., Bertrand, P., Poirier, J., Kogan, S., Gauthier, S., Poirier, J., Gauthier, S., Davignon, J., Bouthillier, D., & Davignon, J. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91705-q · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E in animal models of CNS injury and in alzheimer's disease
Poirier, J. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90156-2 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
(1994) · Toxicology and Industrial Health · doi:10.1177/074823379401000603 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Strittmatter, W. J., Weisgraber, K. H., Goedert, M., Saunders, A. M., Huang, D., Corder, E. H., Dong, L., Jakes, R., Alberts, M. J., Gilbert, J. R., et al. (1994) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1019 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Saunders, A. M., Hulette, C., Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., Schmechel, D., Crain, B. J., Burke, J. R., Alberts, M. J., Strittmatter, W. J., Breitner, J., Rosenberg, C., et al. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)01251-2 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Nagy, Z. S., Esiri, M. M., Jobst, K. A., Johnston, C., Litchfield, S., Sim, E., & Smith, A. D. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00331-c · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Ohm, T. G., Müller, H., Braak, H., & Böhl, J. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)90397-p · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationOhm, T. G., Kirca, M., Bohl, J., Scharnagl, H., Groβ, W., & März, W. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00596-w · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Utermann, G., Steinmetz, A., & Weber, W. (1982) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00569216 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease
Blass, J. P., Ko, B., & Wisniewski, H. M. (1991) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30315-0 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Bancher, C., Jellinger, K., Lassmann, H., Fischer, P., & Leblhuber, F. (1996) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02189115 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Duyckaerts, C., Brion, J. P., Hauw, J. J., & Flament-Durand, J. (1987) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00693783 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Zubenko, G. S., Stiffler, S., Stabler, S. M., Kopp, U., Hughes, H. B., Cohen, B. M., & Moossy, J. J. (1994) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320540306 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Ghebremedhin, E., Braak, H., Braak, E., & Sahm, J. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(97)00197-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Jagust, W. J., Shaw, L. M., Aisen, P. S., Weiner, M. W., Petersen, R. C., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70299-6 · Cited by 4,806 · see citing works
The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease
Kim, J., Basak, J. M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.026 · Cited by 1,661 · see citing works
Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia
Reiman, E. M., Chen, K., Alexander, G. E., Caselli, R. J., Bandy, D., Osborne, D., Saunders, A. M., & Hardy, J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2635903100 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Documented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Plassman, B. L., Havlik, R. J., Steffens, D. C., Helms, M. J., Newman, T. N., Drosdick, D., Phillips, C., Gau, B. A., Welsh–Bohmer, K. A., Burke, J. R., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.8.1158 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
de Leon, M. J., Convit, A., Wolf, O. T., Tarshish, C. Y., DeSanti, S., Rusinek, H., Tsui, W., Kandil, E., Scherer, A. J., Roche, A., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.191044198 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
ApoE genotype accounts for the vast majority of AD risk and AD pathology
Raber, J., Huang, Y., & Ashford, J. W. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.12.023 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Hippocampal formation glucose metabolism and volume losses in MCI and AD
De Santi, S., de Leon, M. J., Rusinek, H., Convit, A., Tarshish, C. Y., Roche, A., Tsui, W. H., Kandil, E., Boppana, M., Daisley, K., et al. (2001) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(01)00230-5 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Linking Aβ and Tau in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Dual Pathway Hypothesis
Small, S. A., & Duff, K. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.007 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Longitudinal Modeling of Age-Related Memory Decline and the<i>APOE</i>ε4 Effect
Caselli, R. J., Dueck, A. C., Osborne, D., Sabbagh, M. N., Connor, D. J., Ahern, G. L., Baxter, L. C., Rapcsak, S. Z., Shi, J., Woodruff, B. K., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0809437 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
fMRI evidence of compensatory mechanisms in older adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease
Bondi, M. W., Houston, W. S., Eyler, L. T., & Brown, G. G. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000150885.00929.7e · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease: what is new since A. Alzheimer?
Braak, E., Griffing, K., Arai, K., Böhl, J., Bratzke, H., & Braak, H. (1999) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/pl00014168 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Self-citationFleisher, A. S. (2011) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.150 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Reduced grid-cell–like representations in adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Kunz, L., Schröder, T. N., Lee, H. L., Montag, C., Lachmann, B., Sariyska, R., Reuter, M., Stirnberg, R., Stöcker, T., Messing-Floeter, P. C., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac8128 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
PART is part of Alzheimer disease
Duyckaerts, C. J., Braak, H., Brion, J., Buée, L., Tredici, K. D., Goedert, M., Halliday, G. M., Neumann, M., Spillantini, M. G., Tolnay, M., et al. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1390-7 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E–dependent accumulation of Alzheimer disease–related lesions begins in middle age
Kok, E., Haikonen, S., Luoto, T., Huhtala, H., Goebeler, S., Haapasalo, H., & Karhunen, P. J. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21696 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Shaw, P., Lerch, J. P., Pruessner, J. C., Taylor, K. N., Rose, A. B., GREENSTEIN, D. K., CLASEN, L. S., Evans, A. C., Rapoport, J. L., & Giedd, J. N. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70106-0 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: a review
Calabrò, M., Rinaldi, C., Santoro, G., & Crisafulli, C. (2020) · AIMS neuroscience · doi:10.3934/neuroscience.2021005 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Better Memory and Neural Efficiency in Young Apolipoprotein E 4 Carriers
Mondadori, C. R. A., de Quervain, D. J. ‐., Buchmann, A., Mustovic, H., Wollmer, M. A., Schmidt, C. F., Boesiger, P., Hock, C., Nitsch, R. M., Papassotiropoulos, A., et al. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl103 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Tesseur, I. C., Dorpe, J. V., Spittaels, K., den Haute, C. V., Moechars, D., & LEUVEN, F. V. (2000) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64963-2 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Functional plasticity in cognitive aging: Review and hypothesis.
Greenwood, P. M. (2007) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.6.657 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in cognition and behavior in asymptomatic carriers of the APOE e4 allele
Caselli, R. J., Reiman, E. M., Osborne, D., Hentz, J. G., Baxter, L. C., Hernandez, J. L., & Alexander, G. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000129533.26544.bf · Cited by 231 · see citing works
MRI and CSF studies in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
de Leon, M. J., DeSanti, S., Zinkowski, R. P., Mehta, P. D., Praticò, D., Segal, S., Clark, C. M., Kerkman, D. J., DeBernardis, J. F., Li, J., et al. (2004) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01381.x · Cited by 221 · see citing works
APOE ε4 Genotype and Longitudinal Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow in Normal Aging
Thambisetty, M., Beason‐Held, L. L., An, Y., Kraut, M. A., & Resnick, S. M. (2010) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.913 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The evolution of Alzheimer disease, the reproductive schedule, and apoE isoforms☆
Finch, C. E., & Sapolsky, R. M. (1999) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(99)00053-6 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Fleisher, A. S., Chen, K., Liu, X., Ayutyanont, N., Roontiva, A., Thiyyagura, P., Protas, H., Joshi, A. D., Sabbagh, M., Sadowsky, C. H., et al. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.04.017 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Sanchez, J. S., Becker, J. A., Jacobs, H. I. L., Hanseeuw, B. J., Jiang, S., Schultz, A. P., Properzi, M. J., Katz, S. R., Beiser, A., Satizabal, C. L., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0655 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Emrani, S., Arain, H. A., DeMarshall, C. A., & Nuriel, T. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00712-4 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Cerebral perfusion and oxygenation differences in Alzheimer's disease risk
Fleisher, A., Podraza, K. M., Bangen, K. J., Taylor, C. S., Sherzai, A. Z., Sidhar, K., Liu, T. T., Dale, A. M., & Buxton, R. B. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.01.012 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The pathology of the substantia nigra in Alzheimer disease with extrapyramidal signs
Burns, J. M., Galvin, J. E., Roe, C. M., Morris, J. C., & McKeel, D. W. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000158423.05224.7f · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Jackson, C. E., & Snyder, P. J. (2007) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.008 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Yamazaki, Y., Painter, M. M., Bu, G., & Kanekiyo, T. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0361-4 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Neurodegeneration in Normal Brain Aging and Disease
Thal, D. R., Del Tredici, K., & Braak, H. (2004) · Science of Aging Knowledge Environment · doi:10.1126/sageke.2004.23.pe26 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationJohnson, S. C., Schmitz, T. W., Trivedi, M. A., Ries, M. L., Torgerson, B. M., Carlsson, C. M., Asthana, S., Hermann, B. P., & Sager, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0959-06.2006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Tesseur, I. C., Dorpe, J. V., Bruynseels, K., Bronfman, F. C., Sciot, R., Lommel, A. V., & LEUVEN, F. V. (2000) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64788-8 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Tsuboi, Y., Wszołek, Z. K., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Cookson, N., & Dickson, D. W. (2003) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00453.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Age-Related Myelin Breakdown in Healthy Individuals
Bartzokis, G., Lu, P. H., Geschwind, D. H., Edwards, N. J., Mintz, J., & Cummings, J. L. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.1.63 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Wilhelmus, M. M. M., de Waal, R. M. W., & Verbeek, M. M. (2007) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-007-0029-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Enhanced brain activity may precede the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by 30 years
Mondadori, C. R. A., Buchmann, A., Mustovic, H., Schmidt, C. F., Boesiger, P., Nitsch, R. M., Höck, C., Streffer, J. R., & Henke, K. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl266 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Unmasking selective path integration deficits in Alzheimer’s disease risk carriers
Bierbrauer, A., Kunz, L., Gomes, C. A., Luhmann, M., Deuker, L., Getzmann, S., Wascher, E., Gajewski, P. D., Hengstler, J. G., Fernandez-Alvarez, M., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba1394 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Alzheimer’ s disease, oxidative stress and gammahydroxybutyrate
Mamelak, M. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.06.008 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Gender and age modify the association between APOE and AD-related neuropathology
Ghebremedhin, E., Schultz, C., Thal, D. R., Rüb, U., Ohm, T. G., Braak, E., & Braak, H. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.12.1696 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationCaselli, R. J., Chen, K., Lee, W., Alexander, G. E., & Reiman, E. M. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2008.1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Braak, H., & Tredici, K. D. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1356-1 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal white matter integrity in healthy apolipoprotein E epsilon4 carriers
Nierenberg, J. J., Pomara, N., Hoptman, M. J., Sidtis, J. J., Ardekani, B. A., & Lim, K. O. (2005) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000174058.49521.16 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
APOE related alterations in cerebral activation even at college age
Scarmeas, N. (2005) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.053645 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Пономарева, Н. В., Коровайцева, Г. И., & Rogaev, E. I. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.12.019 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Josephs, K. A., Tsuboi, Y., Cookson, N., Watt, H., & Dickson, D. W. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.10.1579 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Developmental origins of aging in brain and blood vessels: an overview
Finch, C. E. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.03.015 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tredici, K. D., & Braak, H. (2019) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.008 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationAPOE Genotype and Cognitive Change in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living in the Community
Bunce, D. J., Bielak, A. A. M., Anstey, K. J., Cherbuin, N., Batterham, P. J., & Easteal, S. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt103 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Corder, E. H., Woodbury, M. A., Volkmann, I., Madsen, D., Bogdanović, N., & Winblad, B. G. (2000) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00147-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Small, G. W., Siddarth, P., Burggren, A. C., Kepe, V., Ercoli, L. M., Miller, K. J., Lavretsky, H., Thompson, P. M., Cole, G. M., Huang, S. C., et al. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.516 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
APOE Genotype and Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Young Individuals
Scarmeas, N. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.12.1581 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lazarczyk, M. J., Hof, P. R., Bouras, C., & Giannakopoulos, P. (2012) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-127 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
In Vivo Brain Imaging of Tangle Burden in Humans
Small, G. W., Agdeppa, E. D., Kepe, V., Satyamurthy, N., Huang, S., & Barrio, J. R. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1385/jmn:19:3:321 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Entorhinal‐based path integration selectively predicts midlife risk of Alzheimer's disease
Newton, C., Pope, M., Rua, C., Henson, R. N., Ji, Z., Burgess, N., Rodgers, C. T., Stangl, M., Dounavi, M., Castegnaro, A., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13733 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in the community
Aarsland, D., Sunde, A. L., Tovar, D., Leuzy, A., Fladby, T., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Tan, K., Santis, G. D., Yakoub, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09841-y · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Levy, J. A., Bergeson, J., Putnam, K. T., Rosen, V. M., Cohen, R. M., Lalonde, F. M., MIRZA, N., Linker, G., & Sunderland, T. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704103044 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ishizawa, K., Komori, T., Shimazu, T., Yamamoto, T., Kitamoto, T., Shimazu, K., & Hirose, T. (2002) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-002-0547-3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Energy and the Alzheimer brain
Mamelak, M. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Contribution of astrocytes to metabolic dysfunction in the Alzheimer’s disease brain
Zulfiqar, S., Garg, P., & Nieweg, K. (2019) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2019-0140 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Khan, W., Giampietro, V., Ginestet, C. E., Dell’Acqua, F., Bouls, D., Newhouse, S., Dobson, R., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., et al. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-131841 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Androgens, ApoE, and Alzheimer's Disease
Raber, J. (2004) · Science of Aging Knowledge Environment · doi:10.1126/sageke.2004.11.re2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dubelaar, E. J. G., Verwer, R. W. H., Hofman, M. A., van Heerikhuize, J. J., Ravid, R., & Swaab, D. F. (2004) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/63.2.159 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
APOE E4 is a determinant for Alzheimer type pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy
Tsuboi, Y., Josephs, K., Cookson, N., & Dickson, D. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000044340.37138.a9 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Polvikoski, T., Sulkava, R., Rastas, S., Sutela, A., Niinistö, L., Notkola, I.-L., Verkkoniemi, A., Viramo, P., Juva, K., & Haltia, M. (2006) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000090252 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E variants and cognition in healthy individuals: A critical opinion
Savitz, J. B., Solms, M., & Ramesar, R. (2005) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.10.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bigler, E. D., Tate, D. F., Miller, M. J., Rice, S. A., Hessel, C. D., Earl, H. D., Tschanz, J. T., Plassman, B. L., & Welsh-Bohmer, K. A. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617702870072 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sugarman, M. A., Woodard, J. L., Nielson, K. A., Seidenberg, M., Smith, J. C., Durgerian, S., & Rao, S. M. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.09.016 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Imaging studies and APOE genotype in persons at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Scarmeas, N., & Stern, Y. (2006) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-006-0076-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wang, X., Wang, J., He, Y., Li, H., Yuan, H., Evans, A. C., Yu, X., Yong He, A., & Wang, H. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-142556 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The presence of apoE4, not the absence of apoE3, contributes to AD pathology
Teter, B., Raber, J., Nathan, B., & Crutcher, K. A. (2002) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2002-4305 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Does possession of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 benefit cognitive function in healthy young adults?
Bunce, D. J., Anstey, K. J., Burns, R. A., Christensen, H. M., & Easteal, S. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.042 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Greenwood, P. M., Sunderland, T., Putnam, K. T., Levy, J., & Parasuraman, R. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.6.830 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Scarmeas, N., Habeck, C. G., Anderson, K. E., Hilton, J., Devanand, D. P., Pelton, G. H., Tabert, M. H., Flynn, J., Park, A., Ciappa, A., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajgp.12.6.596 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hostage, C. A., Choudhury, K. R., Doraiswamy, P. M., Petrella, J. R., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2014) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.13131041 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Some evolutionary perspectives on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and pathology
Glass, D. J., & Arnold, S. E. (2012) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2408 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E ε4 and Later-Life Decline in Cognitive Function and Grip Strength
Batterham, P. J., Bunce, D. J., Cherbuin, N., & Christensen, H. M. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.035 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Imaging and In Vivo Quantitation of β-Amyloid: An Exemplary Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease?
Nichols, L. M., Pike, V. W., Cai, L., & Innis, R. B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ghebremedhin, E., Thal, D. R., Schultz, C., & Braak, H. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00014-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationTransgenic Drosophila model to study apolipoprotein E4-induced neurodegeneration
Haddadi, M., Nongthomba, U., Jahromi, S. R., & Ramesh, S. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.022 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Age- and genotype-related neurophysiologic reactivity to oxidative stress in healthy adults
Пономарева, Н. В., Goltsov, A. Y., Kunijeva, S. S., Scheglova, N. S., Malina, D. D., Алексеевич, М. А., Boikova, T. I., & Rogaev, E. I. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.013 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Braak, H., Mayer, B., Feldengut, S., Schön, M., & Tredici, K. D. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-025-02862-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationPossible positive effect of the APOE ε2 allele on cognition in early to mid-adult life
Sinclair, L. I., Pleydell-Pearce, C. W., & Day, I. N. M. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.10.008 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Nair, J., Welch, J. F., Marciante, A. B., Hou, T., Lu, Q. L., Fox, E. J., & Mitchell, G. S. (2023) · Function · doi:10.1093/function/zqad026 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kim, Y. J., Cho, H., Kim, Y. J., Ki, C., Chung, S. J., Ye, B. S., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, S. T., Lee, K. H., et al. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141773 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
CRP gene variation affects early development of Alzheimer's disease-related plaques
Kok, E., Alanne-Kinnunen, M., Isotalo, K., Luoto, T., Haikonen, S., Goebeler, S., Perola, M., Hurme, M. A., Haapasalo, H., & Karhunen, P. J. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-96 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Noroozıan, M. (2015) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.08.005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dell’Acqua, F., Khan, W., Gottlieb, N., Giampietro, V., Ginestet, C. E., Bouls, D., Newhouse, S., Dobson, R., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140519 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yokoyama, J. S., Lee, A. K. L., Takada, L. T., Busovaca, E., Bonham, L. W., Chao, S. Z., Tse, M., He, J., Schwarz, C. G., Carmichael, O. T., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118338 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sudo, S., Shiozawa, M., Cairns, N. J., & Wada, Y. (2005) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.043 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Should the ApoE genotype be a covariate for clinical trials in Alzheimer disease?
Farlow, M. R. (2010) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt39 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Impact of APOE on amyloid and tau accumulation in argyrophilic grain disease and Alzheimer’s disease
Raulin, A., Doss, S. V., Heckman, M. G., Craver, E. C., Li, Z., Ikezu, T. C., Sekiya, H., Liu, C., Martens, Y. A., Rosenberg, C. L., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-024-01731-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The impact of diabetes mellitus on the development of psychiatric and neurological disorders
Kelly, O., Sullivan, J., Carris, N., Geci, S., Martinez, A., Liashenko, V., Colvin, J., Misko, E., Vanderlaan, G., He, L., et al. (2024) · Brain Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.dscb.2024.100135 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and Intellectual Achievement
Caselli, R. J., Hentz, J. G., Osborne, D., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Barbieri, C. J., Alexander, G. E., Hall, G. R., Reiman, E. M., Hardy, J., & Saunders, A. M. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50007.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E isoform does not influence trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology in a mouse model
Davies, C., Tulloch, J., Yip, E., Currie, L., Colom‐Cadena, M., Wegmann, S., Hyman, B. T., Wilkins, L., Hooley, M., Tzioras, M., et al. (2023) · Brain and Neuroscience Advances · doi:10.1177/23982128231191046 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Path integration selectively predicts midlife risk of Alzheimer’s diseasePreprint
Newton, C., Pope, M., Rua, C., Henson, R. N., Ji, Z., Burgess, N., Rodgers, C. T., Stangl, M., Dounavi, M., Castegnaro, A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526473 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Early CA2 Tau Inclusions Do Not Distinguish an Age-Related Tauopathy from Early Alzheimer’s Disease
Tredici, K. D., Schön, M., Feldengut, S., Ghebremedhin, E., Kaufman, S. K., Wiesner, D., Roselli, F., Mayer, B., Amunts, K., & Braak, H. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240483 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationConscientiousness is Negatively Associated with Grey Matter Volume in Young APOE ɛ4-Carriers
Kunz, L., Reuter, M., Axmacher, N., & Montag, C. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160854 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
MOORE, A. B., Bondi, M. W., Salmon, D. P., & Murphy, C. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.437 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ghebremedhin, E., Schultz, C., Braak, E., & Braak, H.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- ORCID
- Braak, Heiko
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 152-155
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058650060
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, APOE ε4, Alzheimer's disease, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, young adults, genetic susceptibility, genotype frequency
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alleles, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Apolipoprotein E4
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review