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Statins Upregulate PCSK9 , the Gene Encoding the Proprotein Convertase Neural Apoptosis-Regulated Convertase-1 Implicated in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Abstract
Objective— Neural apoptosis-regulated convertase (NARC)-1 is the newest member of the proprotein convertase family implicated in the cleavage of a variety of protein precursors. The NARC-1 gene, PCSK9 , has been identified recently as the third locus implicated in autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH). The 2 other known genes implicated in ADH encode the low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein B. As an approach toward the elucidation of the physiological role(s) of NARC-1, we studied its transcriptional regulation. Methods and Results— Using quantitative RT-PCR, we assessed NARC-1 regulation under conditions known to regulate genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells and in human primary hepatocytes. We found that NARC-1 expression was strongly induced by statins in a dose-dependent manner and that this induction was efficiently reversed by mevalonate. NARC-1 mRNA level was increased by cholesterol depletion but insensitive to liver X receptor activation. Human, mouse, and rat PCSK9 promoters contain 2 typical conserved motifs for cholesterol regulation: a sterol regulatory element (SRE) and an Sp1 site. Conclusions— PCSK9 regulation is typical of that of the genes implicated in lipoprotein metabolism. In vivo, PCSK9 is probably a target of SRE-binding protein (SREBP)-2.
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Lack of PCSK9 does not affect the mRNA levels of LDLR, ASGR1, ASGR2, or SREBP2 in HepG2 cells.
“As expected (18, 19), lack of PCSK9 did not affect the mRNA levels of LDLR. In addition, no effect was observed on the mRNA levels of ASGR1, ASGR2, and the transcription factor SREBP2 implicated in PCSK9 mRNA regulation (20) (Fig. 2C).”
From Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a novel PCSK9-independent ligand of liver LDLR cleaved by furin (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
PCSK9 is an SREBP2 target.
“PCSK9 is an SREBP2 target (30,31)”
From A MARCH6 and IDOL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Circuit Uncouples Cholesterol Synthesis from Lipoprotein Uptake in Hepatocytes (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
The unchanged LDLR levels plausibly reflect the steady-state balance between decreased production of LDLR and of its post-transcriptional regulator PCSK9.
“Plausibly, this reflects the steady-state balance between decreased production of LDLR and of its post-transcriptional regulator PCSK9”
From Hepatic SREBP signaling requires SPRING to govern systemic lipid metabolism in mice and humans (2023) · cites this paper as [23]
The transcription of Aplp2 or Sort1 is not regulated by SREBP2, unlike PCSK9, LDLR, and HMG-CoA reductase.
“This suggests that different for PCSK9, LDLR, and HMG-CoA reductase (57), the transcription of Aplp2 or Sort1 is not regulated by SREBP2.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dubuc, G., Chamberland, A., Wassef, H., Davignon, J., Seidah, N. G., Bernier, L., & Prat, A.
- Affiliations
- From the Laboratory of Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group (G.D., H.W., J.D., L.B.) and the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology (A.C., N.G.S., A.P.), Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Venue
- Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1454-1459
- ISSN
- 1079-5642
- 1524-4636
- Cited by
- 570
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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