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An oxysterol signalling pathway mediated by the nuclear receptor LXRα
Abstract
Cholesterol and its oxysterol congeners are important constituents of cell membranes and function as intermediates in several crucial biosynthetic pathways. These compounds autoregulate their metabolic fate by end-product repression and activation of downstream catabolism. Although end-product repression by oxysterols is relatively well understood, the mechanism by which these compounds act as positive transcription signalling molecules is unknown. Here we identify a specific group of endogenous oxysterols that activate transcription through the nuclear receptor LXR alpha. Transactivation of LXR alpha by oxysterols occurs at concentrations at which these compounds exist in vivo. The most potent activators also serve as intermediary substrates in the rate-limiting steps of three important metabolic pathways: steroid hormone biosynthesis, bile acid synthesis, and conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol. Our results demonstrate the existence of a nuclear receptor signalling pathway for oxysterols and suggest that LXR alpha may be important as a sensor of cholesterol metabolites.
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Activation of LXRs enhances degradation of the LDLR.
“Activation of the sterol-sensing nuclear receptors liver X receptors (LXRs) enhances degradation of the LDLR .”
From The LXR-IDOL axis defines a clathrin-, caveolae-, and dynamin-independent endocytic route for LDLR internalization and lysosomal degradation (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
LXRs induce cholesterol efflux and limit LDL uptake by inducing IDOL.
“LXRs induce cholesterol efflux pathways (e.g., via the transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1) and limit LDL uptake by inducing expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3)-inducible degrader of the LDLR (IDOL) (6,9,10).”
From A MARCH6 and IDOL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Circuit Uncouples Cholesterol Synthesis from Lipoprotein Uptake in Hepatocytes (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
LXRs are nuclear receptors activated by cholesterol metabolite oxysterols in the cell.
“LXRs are nuclear receptors activated by cholesterol metabolite oxysterols in the cell (Fu et al., 2001; Janowski et al., 1996; Lehmann et al., 1997).”
From Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis through RNF145-dependent ubiquitination of SCAP (2017) · cites this paper as Janowski et al., 1996
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Metadata
- Authors
- Janowski, B. A., Willy, P. J., Devi, T. R., Falck, J. R., & Mangelsdorf, D. J.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 6602
- Pages
- 728-731
- ISSN
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
- Cited by
- 1,591
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
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