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Emerging Therapies for Vascular Dementia and Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Abstract
Background— Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and ischemic brain injury secondary to cardiovascular disease are common causes of dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly. CVD also contributes to cognitive loss in Alzheimer disease (AD). Summary— Progress in understanding vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and vascular dementia (VaD) has resulted in promising symptomatic and preventive treatments. Cholinergic deficits in VaD due to ischemia of basal forebrain nuclei and cholinergic pathways can be treated with cholinesterase inhibitors used in AD. Controlled clinical trials with donepezil and galantamine in patients with VaD, as well as in patients with AD plus CVD, have demonstrated improvement in cognition, behavior, and activities of daily living. The N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist memantine stabilized progression of VaD compared with placebo. Primary and secondary stroke prevention, in particular with control of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, can decrease VaD incidence. Conclusions— From a public health viewpoint, recognition of VCI before the development of dementia and correction of vascular burden on the brain may lead to a global decrease of incident dementia.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Erkinjuntti, T., Román, G., Gauthier, S., Feldman, H., & Rockwood, K.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- From Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (T.E.); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and A. Murphy Veterans Administration Hospital, San Antonio, Tex (G.R.); Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, McGill Centre for Studies on Aging, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.G.); Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.F.); and Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre, Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Dalhousie University,...
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1010-1017
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W2167597327
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 13.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia
- Keywords
- vascular dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, galantamine, memantine, NMDA receptor antagonists, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, stroke prevention, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cholinergic deficit, dementia prevention
- MeSH terms
- Rivastigmine, Donepezil, Carbamates, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Cognition Disorders, Galantamine, Humans, Indans, Terminology as Topic, Piperidines, Risk Factors, Dementia, Vascular, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Stroke, Phenylcarbamates
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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