The Prevention of Dementia With Antihypertensive Treatment<subtitle>New Evidence From the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Study</subtitle>
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: After the double-blind, placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial ended in February 1997, randomized patients were offered active study medication for a further period of observation. OBJECTIVE: To refine the estimates of the long-term effects of antihypertensive therapy on the incidence of dementia. METHODS: Eligible patients had no dementia and were at least 60 years old. Their systolic blood pressure at entry was 160 to 219 mm Hg, with diastolic blood pressure below 95 mm Hg. Antihypertensive therapy was started immediately after randomization in the active treatment group, but only after termination of the double-blind trial in the control patients. Treatment consisted of nitrendipine (10-40 mg/d), with the possible addition of enalapril maleate (5-20 mg/d), hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg/d), or both add-on drugs. RESULTS: Median follow-up increased from 2.0 years in the double-blind trial to 3.9 years overall. The incidence of dementia doubled from 32 to 64 cases, 41 of whom had Alzheimer disease. Throughout follow-up, systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 7.0/3.2 mm Hg higher in the 1417 control patients than in the 1485 subjects randomized to active treatment. At the last examination, the blood pressure difference was still 4.2/2.9 mm Hg; 48.1%, 26.4%, and 11.4% of the control patients were taking nitrendipine, enalapril, and/or hydrochlorothiazide, whereas in the active treatment group these proportions were 70.2%, 35.4%, and 18.4%, respectively. Compared with the controls, long-term antihypertensive therapy reduced the risk of dementia by 55%, from 7.4 to 3.3 cases per 1000 patient-years (43 vs 21 cases, P<.001). After adjustment for sex, age, education, and entry blood pressure, the relative hazard rate associated with the use of nitrendipine was 0.38 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.64; P<.001). Treatment of 1000 patients for 5 years can prevent 20 cases of dementia (95% confidence interval, 7-33). CONCLUSION: The extended follow-up of Syst-Eur patients reinforces the evidence that blood pressure-lowering therapy initiated with a long-acting dihydropyridine protects against dementia in older patients with systolic hypertension.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These meta-analyses varied in model type (fixed or random) and patient selection.
“These studies had variable methods in relation to model type (fixed or random) and selection of patients.453,454”
From Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (2011) · cites this paper as [453]
The Subjects and Methods section describes statistical analyses of the Syst-Eur trial, not a comparison of meta-analyses. Searches for fixed versus random models, patient selection, and meta-analysis found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed variation in methods. Page numbers were not available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.157.21.2413 · Cited by 6,345 · see citing works
. Cerebral blood flow in dementia.
Hachinski, V. C., Iliff, L. D., Zilhka, E., Du Boulay, G. H., McAllister, V. L., Marshall, J., Russell, R. W. R., & Symon, L. (1975) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1975.00490510088009 · Cited by 3,186 · see citing works
Staessen, J. A., Fagard, R., Thijs, L., Celis, H., Arabidze, G. G., Birkenhäger, W. H., Bulpitt, C. J., de Leeuw, P. W., Dollery, C. T., Fletcher, A. E., et al. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)05381-6 · Cited by 2,989 · see citing works
Self-citationKatz, S. (1963) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016 · Cited by 2,421 · see citing works
Forette, F., Seux, M.-L., Staessen, J. A., Thijs, L., Birkenhäger, W. H., Babarskiene, M.-R., Babeanu, S., Bossini, A., Gil-Extremera, B., Girerd, X., et al. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)03086-4 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
Self-citationAlbert Hofman, D., Ott, A., Breteler, M. M. B., Bots, M. L., Slooter, A. J. C., van Harskamp, F., van Duijn, C. M., Broeckhoven, C. V., & Grobbee, D. E. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)09328-2 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results.
Peart, S., Brennan, P. J., Broughton, P., Dollery, C. T., Hudson, M. F., Lever, A. F., Meade, T. W., Rose, G., & Pocock, S. (1992) · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Staessen, J. A., Gąsowski, J., Wang, J. G., Thijs, L., Hond, E. D., Boissel, J., Coope, J., Ekbom, T., Gueyffier, F., Liu, L., et al. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)07330-4 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu–Asia aging study☆
Launer, L. J., Ross, G. W., Petrovitch, H., Masaki, K., Foley, D., White, L. R., & Havlik, R. J. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00096-8 · Cited by 1,008 · see citing works
Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis
Staessen, J. A., Wang, J., & Thijs, L. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06411-x · Cited by 945 · see citing works
A Population-Based Study of Dementia in 85-Year-Olds
Skoog, I. G., Nilsson, L., Palmertz, B., Andreasson, L., & Svanborg, A. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199301213280301 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease:
Breteler, M. M. B. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(99)00110-4 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Gender differences in the incidence of AD and vascular dementia: The EURODEM Studies
Andersen, K., Launer, L. J., Dewey, M. E., Letenneur, L., Ott, A., Copeland, J. R. M., Dartigues, J.-F., Kragh–Sorensen, P., Baldereschi, M., Brayne, C., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1992 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Neoptolemos, J. P., KEMPPAINEN, E., Mayer, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Raraty, M. G. T., Slavin, J. P., Beger, H.-G., Hietaranta, A. J., & Pa, P. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02327-8 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Liu, Y. H., Yang, X., Sharov, V. G., Nass, O., Sabbah, H. N., Peterson, E. L., & Carretero, O. A. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119360 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam study
Breteler, M. M. B., Claus, J. J., Grobbee, D. E., & Albert Hofman, D. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6944.1604 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Worldwide Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia
Fratiglioni, L., Ronchi, D. D., & Torres, H. A. (1999) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199915050-00004 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Incidence of dementia: does gender make a difference?
Ruitenberg, A., Ott, A., van Swieten, J. C., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2001) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(01)00231-7 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
AT2Receptor Stimulation Increases Aortic Cyclic GMP in SHRSP by a Kinin-Dependent Mechanism
Gohlke, P., Pees, C., & Unger, T. (1998) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.349 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Pahor, M., Psaty, B. M., Alderman, M. H., Applegate, W. B., Williamson, J. D., Cavazzini, C., & Furberg, C. D. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03306-7 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Cognitive decline in individuals with high blood pressure
Tzourio, C., Dufouil, C., Ducimetière, P., & Alpérovitch, A. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1948 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, I: clinical trials
Collins, R., & MacMahon, S. W. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03651-5 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Prince, M. J., Bird, A. S., Blizard, R., & MANN, A. H. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7034.801 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Angiotensin Receptors and Their Therapeutic Implications
Greindling, K. K., Lassegue, B. P., & Alexander, R. W. (1996) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.001433 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Antihypertensive drugs and incidence of dementia: the Rotterdam Study
in’t Veld, B. A., Ruitenberg, A., Hofman, A., Stricker, B. H. C., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2001) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00241-4 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Why are stroke patients prone to develop dementia?
Pasquier, F., & Leys, D. (1997) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s004150050064 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in Elderly Community Residents of South-Western France
Letenneur, L., Commenges, D., Dartigues, J. F., & Barberger‐Gateau, P. (1994) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/23.6.1256 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Diagnostic evaluation of degenerative and vascular dementia.
Loeb, C., & Gandolfo, C. (1983) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.14.3.399 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Effects of modulators of the renin???angiotensin???aldosterone system on cough
re, Y. L., Brunner, H. R., Irwin, R. S., et al. (1994) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199412000-00012 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Occurrence and Progression of Dementia in a Community Population Aged 75 Years and Older
Guo, Z., Fratiglioni, L., Zhu, L., Fastbom, J., Winblad, B. G., & Viitanen, M. H. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.8.991 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Di Bari, M., Pahor, M., Franse, L. V., Shorr, R. I., Wan, J. Y., Ferrucci, L., Somes, G. W., & Applegate, W. B. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.1.72 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Calcium dysregulation in neuronal aging and Alzheimer's disease: history and new directions
Thibault, O., Porter, N. M., Chen, K.-C., Blalock, E. M., Kaminker, P. G., Clodfelter, G. V., Brewer, L. D., & Landfield, P. W. (1998) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/s0143-4160(98)90064-1 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia
Prince, M. J., FRANZCP, M. C., & MANN, A. H. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.1.97 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Blood Pressure, Cognitive Functions, and Prevention of Dementias in Older Patients With Hypertension
Birkenhäger, W. H., Forette, F., Seux, M., Wang, J.-G., & Staessen, J. A. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.2.152 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationGagnon, M., Letenneur, L., Dartigues, J., Commenges, D., Orgogozo, J., Barberger‐Gateau, P., Alpérovitch, A., Décamps, A., & Salamon, R. (1990) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000110764 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for Alzheimerʼs Disease
Parnetti, L., Senin, U., & Mecocci, P. (1997) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199753050-00003 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Amery, A., Birkenhäger, W. H., Bulpitt, C., Clément, D., de Leeuw, P. W., Dollery, C. T., Fagard, R. H., Fletcher, A., Forette, F., Leonetti, G., et al. (1991) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324024 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationMason, R. P., Leeds, P. R., Jacob, R. F., Hough, C. J., Zhang, K., Mason, P. E., & Chuang, D. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721448.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Maxwell, C. J., Hogan, D. B., & Ebly, E. M. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Gould, R. J., Murphy, K. M., & H., S. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90680-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Reducing Calcium Overload in the Ischemic Brain
Zipfel, G. J., Lee, J., & Choi, D. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199911113412011 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Cerebral complications of hypertension
Rigaud, A., Seux, M., Staessen, J. A., Wh, B., & Forette, F. (2000) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001118 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationOverview of Incidence Studies of Dementia Conducted in Europe
Launer, L. J. (1992) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000110954 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Nimodipine in the Treatment of Probable Alzheimerʼs Disease
Morich, F., Bieber, F., Lewis, J. M., et al. (1996) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.2165/00044011-199611040-00001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
CALCIUM ALTERATIONS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITIES
Pascale, A., & Etcheberrigaray, R. (1999) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1006/phrs.1998.0411 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Vascular and neuronal hypertensive brain damage: protective effect of treatment with nicardipine
Amenta, F., Strocchi, P., & Sabbatini, M. (1996) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199610003-00006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Phase 2: objectives, protocol, and initial progress
Gąsowski, J., Staessen, J. A., Celis, H., et al. (1999) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000769 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Chalmers, J. P., Neal, B. C., & MacMahon, S. W. (2000) · Journal of Hypertension · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Is prevention of vascular dementia possible? The Syst-Eur Vascular Dementia Project
Forette, F., Amery, A., Staessen, J. A., et al. (1991) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324039 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationMurzenok, P. P., Huang, B. S., & Leenen, F. H. H. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.2.631 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
It's getting better all the time
Skoog, I. G., Marcusson, J. O., & Blennow, K. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)90266-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hong, Y. L. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Vascular dementia: the need for a new approach
Hachinski, V. (1997) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00234.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gąsowski, J. (1999) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)80519-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cummings, J. A., Castillo, G. M., Choi, P. Y., et al. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)82024-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Rigaud AS, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Birkenha ¨ger WH, Forette F. Cerebral compli- cations of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14:605-616.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Asso- ciation; 1987.
- Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. JAMA. 1963;185:914-919.
- SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA. 1991;265:3255- 3264.
- Ott A, Breteler MMB, van Harskamp F, Grobbee DE, Hofman A. The incidence of dementia in the Rotterdam study. In: Iqbal K, Winblad B, Nishimura T, Takeda K, Winieski H, eds. Alzheimer's Disease: Biology, Diagnosis and Therapeutics. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1997:1-10.
- Pahor M, Psaty BM, Alderman MH, et al. Health outcomes associated with cal- cium antagonists compared with other first-line antihypertensive therapies. Lan- cet. 2000;356:1949-1954.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000065 · Cited by 7,391 · see citing works
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000066 · Cited by 4,347 · see citing works
Gorelick, P. B., Scuteri, A., Black, S. E., DeCarli, C., Greenberg, S. M., Iadecola, C., Launer, L. J., Laurent, S., Lopez, O. L., Nyenhuis, D., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3182299496 · Cited by 3,811 · see citing works
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension
McEvoy, J. W., McCarthy, C. P., Bruno, R. M., Brouwers, S., Canavan, M. D., Ceconi, C., Christodorescu, R. M., Daskalopoulou, S. S., Ferro, C. J., Gerdts, E., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178 · Cited by 2,298 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease
Reitz, C., Brayne, C., & Mayeux, R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.2 · Cited by 1,675 · see citing works
Lautenschlager, N. T., Cox, K. L., Flicker, L., Foster, J. K., van Bockxmeer, F. M., Xiao, J., Greenop, K. R., & Almeida, O. P. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.9.1027 · Cited by 1,637 · see citing works
The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia
Qiu, C., Winblad, B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2005) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70141-1 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000596 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
Age-related myelin breakdown: a developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease
Bartzokis, G. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.03.001 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Parati, G., Stergiou, G. S., Asmar, R., Bilo, G., de Leeuw, P., Imai, Y., Kario, K., Lurbe, E., Manolis, A., Mengden, T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328308da66 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Iadecola, C., Yaffe, K., Biller, J., Bratzke, L. C., Faraci, F. M., Gorelick, P. B., Gulati, M., Kamel, H., Knopman, D. S., Launer, L. J., et al. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000053 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
(2003) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000072920 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Predictors of cognitive decline and mortality of aged people over a 10‐year period
Tilvis, R. S., Kahonen-Vare, M. H., Jolkkonen, J., Valvanne, J., Pitkala, K. H., & Strandberg, T. E. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.3.m268 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Hughes, D., Judge, C., Murphy, R., Loughlin, E., Costello, M., Whiteley, W., Bosch, J., O’Donnell, M. J., & Canavan, M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4249 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Li, N.-C., Lee, A., Whitmer, R. A., Kivipelto, M., Lawler, E., Kazis, L. E., & Wolozin, B. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b5465 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Measures of Obesity Are Associated With Vascular Stiffness in Young and Older Adults
Wildman, R. P., Mackey, R. H., Bostom, A., Thompson, T., & Sutton-Tyrrell, K. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000090360.78539.cd · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Vascular risk factors and dementia: How to move forward?
Viswanathan, A., Rocca, W. A., & Tzourio, C. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000341271.90478.8e · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Gorelick, P. B. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000143318.70292.47 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Antihypertensive Medication Use and Incident Alzheimer Disease: The Cache County Study
Khachaturian, A. S. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.5.noc60013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The NIH Cognitive and Emotional Health Project: Report of the Critical Evaluation Study Committee
Hendrie, H. C., Albert, M. S., Butters, M. A., Gao, S., Knopman, D. S., Launer, L. J., Yaffe, K., Cuthbert, B. N., Edwards, E., & Wagster, M. V. (2006) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2005.11.004 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
The relationship between blood pressure and cognitive function
Novak, V., & Hajjar, I. (2010) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2010.161 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Antihypertensive classes, cognitive decline and incidence of dementia: a network meta-analysis
Levi Marpillat, N., Macquin-Mavier, I., Tropeano, A.-I., Bachoud-Levi, A.-C., & Maison, P. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283603f53 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Drug repositioning: Progress and challenges in drug discovery for various diseases
Hua, Y., Dai, X., Xu, Y., Xing, G., Liu, H., Lu, T., Chen, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114239 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Emerging Therapies for Vascular Dementia and Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Erkinjuntti, T., Román, G., Gauthier, S., Feldman, H., & Rockwood, K. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000120731.88236.33 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Heart disease as a risk factor for dementia
Hakim, A., Ng, & Turek (2013) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s30621 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk factors and dementia
Fillit, H., Nash, D. T., Rundek, T., & Zuckerman, A. (2008) · The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.06.004 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Dementia, stroke, and vascular risk factors; a review
Sahathevan, R., Brodtmann, A., & Donnan, G. A. (2012) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00731.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Mixed Dementia—the Most Common Cause of Dementia
KORCZYN, A. D. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04807.x · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Østergaard, S. D., Mukherjee, S., Sharp, S. J., Proitsi, P., Lotta, L. A., Day, F., Perry, J. R. B., Boehme, K. L., Walter, S., Kauwe, J. S., et al. (2015) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001841 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Nilvadipine in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomised controlled trial
Lawlor, B., Segurado, R., Kennelly, S., Olde Rikkert, M. G. M., Howard, R., Pasquier, F., Börjesson-Hanson, A., Tsolaki, M., Lucca, U., Molloy, D. W., et al. (2018) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002660 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Sachdev, P. S., Lipnicki, D. M., Crawford, J., Reppermund, S., Kochan, N. A., Trollor, J. N., Wen, W., Draper, B., Slavin, M. J., Kang, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059649 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Reducing the Risk of Dementia: Efficacy of Long-Term Treatment of Hypertension
Peila, R., White, L. R., Masaki, K., Petrovitch, H., & Launer, L. J. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000217653.01615.93 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Blood pressure and the risk for dementia—A double edged sword
Kennelly, S. P., Lawlor, B. A., & Kenny, R. A. (2009) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2008.11.001 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Blood pressure lowering and prevention of dementia: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Peters, R., Xu, Y., Fitzgerald, O., Aung, H. L., Beckett, N., Bulpitt, C., Chalmers, J., Forette, F., Gong, J., Harris, K., et al. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac584 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationDuration of antihypertensive drug use and risk of dementia: A prospective cohort study
Haag, M. D. M., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P. J., Breteler, M. M. B., & Stricker, B. H. C. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000345062.86148.3f · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Kehoe, P. G. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171119 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Chronic Management of Blood Pressure After Stroke
Pedelty, L., & Gorelick, P. B. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000129170.50448.5f · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Richard, E., Andrieu, S., Solomon, A., Mangialasche, F., Ahtiluoto, S., van Charante, E. P. M., Coley, N., Fratiglioni, L., Neely, A. S., Vellas, B., et al. (2012) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.06.012 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Calcium channel blockers and risk of AD: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Yasar, S., Corrada, M., Brookmeyer, R., & Kawas, C. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.03.009 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Paris, D., Bachmeier, C., Patel, N., Quadros, A., Volmar, C.-H., Laporte, V., Ganey, J., Beaulieu-Abdelahad, D., Ait-Ghezala, G., Crawford, F., et al. (2011) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2010.00180 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Prevention of Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Dichgans, M., & Zietemann, V. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.651778 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Birns, J., Morris, R., Donaldson, N., & Kalra, L. (2006) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000244934.81180.16 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Rozzini, L., Chilovi, B. V., Bertoletti, E., Conti, M., Rio, I. D., Trabucchi, M., & Padovani, A. (2006) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1523 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes, related conditions, in relation and dementia: An opportunity for prevention?
Luchsinger, J. A. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091687 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Mukadam, N., Anderson, R., Knapp, M., Wittenberg, R., Karagiannidou, M., Costafreda, S. G., Tutton, M., Alessi, C., & Livingston, G. (2020) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30004-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Knowledge about Alzheimer's disease in the Brazilian population
Amado, D. K., & Brucki, S. M. D. (2018) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20180106 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Gorelick, P. B. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000158916.59742.7c · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The depressor axis of the renin–angiotensin system and brain disorders: a translational approach
Gironacci, M. M., Vicario, A., Cerezo, G., & Silva, M. G. (2018) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20180189 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hussain, S., Singh, A., Rahman, S. O., Habib, A., & Najmi, A. K. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.027 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Peters, R., Xu, Y., Antikainen, R., Beckett, N., Gussekloo, J., Jagger, C., Jukema, J. W., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Rydén, L., Skoog, I., et al. (2021) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000519452 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Brain-kidney cross-talk: Definition and emerging evidence
Afsar, B., Sag, A. A., Yalcin, C. E., Kaya, E., Siriopol, D., Goldsmith, D., Covic, A., & Kanbay, M. (2016) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.07.032 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Associations between white matter lesions, cerebrovascular risk factors, and low CSF Aβ42
Stenset, V., Johnsen, L., Kocot, D., Negaard, A., Skinningsrud, A., Gulbrandsen, P., Wallin, A., & Fladby, T. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000234030.77831.5a · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Large Artery Stiffness, Microvascular Function, and Cardiovascular Risk
Chirinos, J. A. (2016) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.116.005903 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Forette, F.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Forette, Françoise
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2002-10-14
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2046
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104565625
- Cited by
- 898
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 27.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lirias.kuleuven.be
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bayer
- World Health Organization
- Helsingin Yliopisto
- Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri
- International Society of Hypertension
- European Commission
- University of Aberdeen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Universidad de Granada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- dementia prevention, antihypertensive therapy, systolic hypertension, Syst-Eur trial, nitrendipine, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, Alzheimer's disease, older adults, cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive decline
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Calcium Channel Blockers, Dementia, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Enalapril, Europe, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrendipine, Time Factors, Incidence, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
