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Clinician’s Guide to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Open accessAbstract
Arteriovenous oxygen difference EOB Exercise oscillatory breathing FECO 2 Fraction of carbon dioxide in expired air FEO 2 Fraction of oxygen in expired air FEV 1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second MET Metabolic equivalent MVV Maximum voluntary ventilation O 2 Oxygen OUES Oxygen-uptake efficiency slope P ET CO 2 Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide P ET O 2 Partial pressure of end-tidal oxygen RER Respiratory exchange ratio V ˙CO 2 Carbon dioxide output VD Volume of dead space V ˙E Minute ventilation V ˙E/V ˙CO 2 Ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide V ˙E/V ˙O2 Ventilatory equivalent of oxygen V ˙O2 Oxygen uptake VT Ventilatory threshold 192
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“Cardiologists have tended to regard peak V˙o2 as a particularly valuable index for heart function because V˙o2 can be applied as a proxy for cardiac output,8 and this is most commonly used as part of heart failure (HF) management.”
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Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I.-M., Nieman, D. C., & Swain, D. P. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb · Cited by 9,319
Self-citationKernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., Black, H. R., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., Fang, M. C., Fisher, M., Furie, K. L., Heck, D. V., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000024 · Cited by 5,170
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
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Ross, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., Church, T. S., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., Haskell, W. L., Kaminsky, L. A., Levine, B. D., Lavie, C. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000461 · Cited by 2,486
Self-citationHeidenreich, P. A., Bozkurt, B., Aguilar, D., Allen, L. A., Byun, J. J., Colvin, M. M., Deswal, A., Drazner, M. H., Dunlay, S. M., Evers, L. R., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001063 · Cited by 4,922
Metadata
- Authors
- Balady, G. J., Arena, R., Sietsema, K., Myers, J., Coke, L., Fletcher, G. F., Forman, D., Franklin, B., Guazzi, M., Gulati, M., Keteyian, S. J., Lavie, C. J., Macko, R., Mancini, D., Milani, R. V., Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, & Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
- Affiliations
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2010-07-13
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 191-225
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2074602210
- Cited by
- 1,964
- References
- 255
- Citations by year
- 2026: 148 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 177 · 2023: 138 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 150 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 125 · 2017: 140 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 100 · 2013: 78 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 177.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IK6 RX002477)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- cardiopulmonary exercise testing, oxygen consumption, ventilatory threshold, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilatory equivalents, end-tidal carbon dioxide, end-tidal oxygen, arteriovenous oxygen difference, carbon dioxide output, dead space, forced expiratory volume, metabolic equivalents, maximal voluntary ventilation, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Diseases, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Lung Diseases, Male, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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