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Cited by 1,923Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyCardiac Health and Mental HealthPhysical Activity and Health

Exercise Standards for Testing and Training: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association

Fletcher, Gerald F., Balady, Gary J., Amsterdam, Ezra A., Chaitman, Bernard, Eckel, Robert, Fleg, Jerome, Froelicher, Victor F., Leon, Arthur S. +5 more·2001·Circulation
DOI 10.1161/hc3901.095960
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Abstract

T he purpose of this report is to provide revised standards and guidelines for the exercise testing and training of individuals who are free from clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease and those with known cardiovascular disease.These guidelines are intended for physicians, nurses, exercise physiologists, specialists, technologists, and other healthcare professionals involved in exercise testing and training of these populations.This report is in accord with the "Statement on Exercise" published by the American Heart Association (AHA). 1 These guidelines are a revision of the 1995 standards of the AHA that addressed the issues of exercise testing and training.2 An update of background, scientific rationale, and selected references is provided, and current issues of practical importance in the clinical use of these standards are considered.These guidelines are in accord with the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/AHA Guidelines for Exercise Testing. 3 The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional or business interest of a member of the writing panel.Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.

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  • Cutoff values for elite performers were consistent with historic normative data, and measured cardiorespiratory fitness of elite performers was comparable to published age- and sex-matched cohorts of endurance athletes.

    “Cutoff values for elite performers were consistent with historic normative data,41 and measured CRF of elite performers was comparable to published age- and sex-matched cohorts of endurance athletes42,43,44”

    From Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Long-term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing (2018) · cites this paper as [41]

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing update: a report of the American College of Cardiolo- gy/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). J Am Coll Cardiol. In press.
  2. Rowell LB, ed. Human Circulation: Regulation During Physical Stress. New York: Oxford University Press; 1986.
  3. MacDougall J. Blood pressure responses to resistive static and dynamic exercise. In: Fletcher G, ed. Cardiovascular Response to Exercise. Mount Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Co, Inc; 1994:155-173.
  4. Bouchard C, An P, Rice T, et al. Familial aggregation of VO(2 max) response to exercise training: results from the HERITAGE Family Study. J Appl Physiol. 1999;87:1003-1008.
  5. Whinnery JE, Froelicher VF. Acquired bundle branch block and its response to exercise testing in asymptomatic air crewmen: a review with case reports. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1976;46:69 -78.
  6. Smith SC, Amsterdam E, Balady GJ, et al. Prevention V: beyond secondary prevention: identifying the high risk patient for primary prevention: writing group II. Circulation. 2000;101:e12-e15.
  7. White NK, Edward JE, Dry TJ. The relationship of the degree of coronary atherosclerosis with age in men. Circulation. 1950;1:645-654.

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Authors
Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G. J., Amsterdam, E. A., Chaitman, B., Eckel, R., Fleg, J., Froelicher, V. F., Leon, A. S., Piña, I. L., Rodney, R., Simons-Morton, D. A., Williams, M. A., & Bazzarre, T.
Affiliations
American Heart Association (US)
ORCID
Venue
Circulation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2001-10-02
Volume
104
Issue
14
Pages
1694-1740
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
DOI
10.1161/hc3901.095960
OpenAlex
W3165153188
Cited by
1,923
References
274
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 102 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 130 · 2012: 129
FWCI
99.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
West Virginia University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
exercise testing, exercise training, cardiovascular disease, exercise recommendations, exercise physiology, cardiovascular risk, exercise prescription, clinical exercise testing
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Coronary Disease, Counseling, Echocardiography, Electrocardiography, Exercise Test, Female, Heart, Heart Diseases, Hemodynamics, Humans, Informed Consent, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardium, Oxygen Consumption, Patient Compliance, Physical Examination, Radionuclide Imaging, Vasodilator Agents, Exercise, Adrenergic Agents

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