Inflammation, Immunity, and Hypertensive End-Organ Damage

McMaster, William G.; Kirabo, Annet; Madhur, Meena S.; Harrison, David G.

doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.303697

Cited by 708Renin-Angiotensin System StudiesAtherosclerosis and Cardiovascular DiseasesBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

Inflammation, Immunity, and Hypertensive End-Organ Damage

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McMaster, William G., Kirabo, Annet, Madhur, Meena S., Harrison, David G.·2015·Circulation Research

DOI 10.1161/circresaha.116.303697PMC PMC4535695

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Abstract

For >50 years, it has been recognized that immunity contributes to hypertension. Recent data have defined an important role of T cells and various T cell–derived cytokines in several models of experimental hypertension. These studies have shown that stimuli like angiotensin II, deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt, and excessive catecholamines lead to formation of effector like T cells that infiltrate the kidney and perivascular regions of both large arteries and arterioles. There is also accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in these regions. Cytokines released from these cells, including interleukin-17, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factorα, and interleukin-6 promote both renal and vascular dysfunction and damage, leading to enhanced sodium retention and increased systemic vascular resistance. The renal effects of these cytokines remain to be fully defined, but include enhanced formation of angiotensinogen, increased sodium reabsorption, and increased renal fibrosis. Recent experiments have defined a link between oxidative stress and immune activation in hypertension. These have shown that hypertension is associated with formation of reactive oxygen species in dendritic cells that lead to formation of gamma ketoaldehydes, or isoketals. These rapidly adduct to protein lysines and are presented by dendritic cells as neoantigens that activate T cells and promote hypertension. Thus, cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system contribute to end-organ damage and dysfunction in hypertension. Therapeutic interventions to reduce activation of these cells may prove beneficial in reducing end-organ damage and preventing consequences of hypertension, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, and stroke.

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Increasing evidence indicates that adaptive and innate immunity play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and in associated end-organ damage.
“Increasing evidence indicates that adaptive immunity and innate immunity play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and in the associated end-organ damage (60).”
From Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension (2016) · cites this paper as [60]

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Authors: McMaster, W. G., Kirabo, A., Madhur, M. S., & Harrison, D. G.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
ORCID: Kirabo, Annet
Madhur, Meena S.
Harrison, David G.
Venue: Circulation Research
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2015-03-13
Volume: 116
Issue: 6
Pages: 1022-1033
ISSN: 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
1524-4571
DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303697
PMC: PMC4535695
OpenAlex: W2155504581
Cited by: 708
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 23
FWCI: 48.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL039006, T32HL069765, K08HL121671, R01HL108701, K01HL130497, P01HL058000, P01HL095070, R01HL105294, R01HL125865)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P01GM015431)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords: hypertension, immune activation, T cells, cytokines, target organ damage, renal dysfunction, vascular dysfunction, monocyte/macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, dendritic cells, IL-17, interferon-gamma, TNF-α, interleukin-6, sodium retention, renal fibrosis, angiotensin II, catecholamines, innate and adaptive immunity
MeSH terms: Animals, Benzylamines, Cardiovascular Diseases, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Humans, Hypertension, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Kidney, Lymphocyte Activation, Models, Cardiovascular, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mice, Knockout, Oxidative Stress, Models, Immunological, Models, Animal, Mice, Adaptive Immunity, Vascular Stiffness, Vascular Remodeling

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Inflammation, Immunity, and Hypertensive End-Organ Damage

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