Cited by 393Vagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response

Rethinking inflammation: neural circuits in the regulation of immunity

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Olofsson, Peder S., Rosas‐Ballina, Mauricio, Levine, Yaakov A., Tracey, Kevin J.·2012·Immunological Reviews

Abstract

Summary: Neural reflex circuits regulate cytokine release to prevent potentially damaging inflammation and maintain homeostasis. In the inflammatory reflex, sensory input elicited by infection or injury travels through the afferent vagus nerve to integrative regions in the brainstem, and efferent nerves carry outbound signals that terminate in the spleen and other tissues. Neurotransmitters from peripheral autonomic nerves subsequently promote acetylcholine‐release from a subset of CD4+T cells that relay the neural signal to other immune cells, e.g. through activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on macrophages. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the inflammatory reflex and discuss potential therapeutic implications of current findings in this evolving field.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01138.x

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  1. [139]Kox M Pompe JC Gordinou de Gouberville MC van der Hoeven JG Hoedemaekers CW Pickkers P Effects of the alphaal-pha7nAChR agonist GTS-21 on the innate immune response in humans Shock 2011 36 5 11 21368716

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Authors
Olofsson, P. S., Rosas‐Ballina, M., Levine, Y. A., & Tracey, K. J.
Affiliations
  • Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
  • University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author
Tracey, Kevin J.
Venue
Immunological Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-06-21
Volume
248
Issue
1
Pages
188-204
ISSN
  • 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-065X
OpenAlex
W1901457319
Cited by
393
References
170
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 10
FWCI
3.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM057226)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Keywords
cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, vagus nerve, brainstem, acetylcholine, CD4+ T cells, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, macrophages, spleen, neuroimmune regulation, cytokine production, anti-inflammatory therapy
MeSH terms
Acetylcholine, Animals, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, Humans, Inflammation, Reflex, T-Lymphocytes, Vagus Nerve, Neuroimmunomodulation

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