The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Compartments: Association With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study
Abstract
Background— Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compartments may confer increased metabolic risk. The incremental utility of measuring both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) in association with metabolic risk factors and underlying heritability has not been well described in a population-based setting. Methods and Results— Participants (n=3001) were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study (48% women; mean age, 50 years), were free of clinical cardiovascular disease, and underwent multidetector computed tomography assessment of SAT and VAT volumes between 2002 and 2005. Metabolic risk factors were examined in relation to increments of SAT and VAT after multivariable adjustment. Heritability was calculated using variance-components analysis. Among both women and men, SAT and VAT were significantly associated with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and with increased odds of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome ( P range <0.01). In women, relations between VAT and risk factors were consistently stronger than in men. However, VAT was more strongly correlated with most metabolic risk factors than was SAT. For example, among women and men, both SAT and VAT were associated with increased odds of metabolic syndrome. In women, the odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome per 1–standard deviation increase in VAT (OR, 4.7) was stronger than that for SAT (OR, 3.0; P for difference between SAT and VAT <0.0001); similar differences were noted for men (OR for VAT, 4.2; OR for SAT, 2.5). Furthermore, VAT but not SAT contributed significantly to risk factor variation after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference ( P ≤0.01). Among overweight and obese individuals, the prevalence of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, and metabolic syndrome increased linearly and significantly across increasing VAT quartiles. Heritability values for SAT and VAT were 57% and 36%, respectively. Conclusions— Although both SAT and VAT are correlated with metabolic risk factors, VAT remains more strongly associated with an adverse metabolic risk profile even after accounting for standard anthropometric indexes. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized role of visceral fat as a unique, pathogenic fat depot. Measurement of VAT may provide a more complete understanding of metabolic risk associated with variation in fat distribution.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Body fat has better predictive validity on the development of the metabolic syndrome192 and cardiovascular disease risk193 than BMI.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [192]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, ectopic fat depots, such as epicardial and perivascular fat, might exert local pathogenic effects on heart and blood vessels.[7][8][9]”
From Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes by baseline and changes in adiposity measurements: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In addition to the association between triglyceride levels and BMI, the Framingham Heart Study 155 reported strong associations of triglyceride levels with both subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue in men and women (mean age 50 years).”
From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [155]
In the citing paper
“Thus, although it is clear that excess adiposity is associated with elevated triglyceride levels, visceral adiposity is a greater contributor than subcutaneous adipose tissue.155,156”
From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [155]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Visfatin: A Protein Secreted by Visceral Fat That Mimics the Effects of Insulin
Fukuhara, A., Matsuda, M., Nishizawa, M., Segawa, K., Tanaka, M., Kishimoto, K., Matsuki, Y., Murakami, M., Ichisaka, T., Murakami, H., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097243 · Cited by 1,906
RetractedGrundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000
Flegal, K. M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1723 · Cited by 6,190
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update
Writing Group Members, Thom, T., Haase, N., Rosamond, W. D., Howard, V. J., Rumsfeld, J. S., Manolio, T. A., Zheng, Z., Flegal, K. M., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.171600 · Cited by 3,453
Self-citationOverweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994
Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Kuczmarski, R., & Johnson, C. (1998) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541 · Cited by 3,045
Multipoint Quantitative-Trait Linkage Analysis in General Pedigrees
Almasy, L. A., & Blangero, J. (1998) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/301844 · Cited by 3,021
Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome
Wajchenberg, B. L. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.6.0415 · Cited by 2,961
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 78 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,013
Lim, K. I., Yang, S. J., Kim, T. N., Yoo, H. J., Kang, H. J., Song, W., Baik, S. H., Choi, D. S., & Choi, K. M. (2010) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03841.x · Cited by 82
Traissac, P., Pradeilles, R., Ati, J. E., Skhiri, H. A., Eymard‐Duvernay, S., Gartner, A., Beji, C., Bougatef, S., Martin‐Prével, Y., Kolsteren, P. W., et al. (2015) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/s12963-015-0035-3 · Cited by 82
“subcutaneous adipose tissues that may be linked to adverse health outcomes in different ways [52,53].”
BackgroundChandler, P. D., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Sesso, H. D., Moorthy, M. V., Obi, O., Lewis, J. R., Prince, R. L., Danik, J. S., Manson, J. E., et al. (2015) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv012 · Cited by 84
Bertoli, S., Leone, A., Vignati, L., Bedogni, G., Martínez-González, M. Á., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Spadafranca, A., Vanzulli, A., & Battezzati, A. (2015) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.10.003 · Cited by 81
“VAT plays a central role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome [1,3] and is an independent predictor of cardiometabolic diseases [4].”
Backgroundvan der Sloot, K. W. J., Joshi, A. D., Bellavance, D. R., Gilpin, K. K., Stewart, K. O., Lochhead, P. J., Garber, J. J., Giallourakis, C. C., Yajnik, V., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., et al. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000978 · Cited by 80
Perissiou, M., Borkoles, E., Kobayashi, K. D., & Polman, R. C. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020482 · Cited by 85
Overweight, Obesity, and CVD Risk: a Focus on Visceral/Ectopic Fat
Chartrand, D. J., Murphy-Després, A., Alméras, N., Lemieux, I., Larose, É., & Després, J. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-00996-x · Cited by 87
Wei, C. H., Thyagiarajan, M., Hunt, L. P., Hamilton-Shield, J. P., Stevens, M. C. G., & Crowne, E. C. (2015) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.25601 · Cited by 82
“Visceral fat is also associated with adverse cardiometabolic risks [2,29,30] while subcutaneous fat has been shown to be cardioprotective.”
BackgroundMeasuring Abdominal Adipose Tissue: Comparison of Simpler Methods with MRI
Browning, L. M., Mugridge, O., Dixon, A. K., Aitken, S. W., Prentice, A. M., & Jebb, S. A. (2011) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000324546 · Cited by 83
Epicardial fat and its association with cardiovascular risk: A cross-sectional observational study
Goel, R., Mookadam, F., Alharthi, M., Jiamsripong, P., & Cha, S. (2010) · Heart Views · doi:10.4103/1995-705x.76801 · Cited by 81
McQuaid, S., Humphreys, S. M., Hodson, L., Fielding, B. A., Karpe, F., & Frayn, K. N. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0678 · Cited by 81
A history of obesity leaves an inflammatory fingerprint in liver and adipose tissue
Kapser-Fischer, I., Irmler, M., Meyer, C., Sachs, S., Neff, F., de Angelis, M. H., Beckers, J., Tschöp, M., Hofmann, S. M., & Ussar, S. (2017) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.224 · Cited by 83
Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a favorable adipose depot for diabetes?
Chen, P., Hou, X., Hu, G., Wei, L., Jiao, L., Wang, H., Chen, S., Wu, J., Bao, Y., & Jia, W. (2018) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0734-8 · Cited by 80
“Visceral adipose tissue measured by CT had a positive association with diabetes risk, even when accounting for other adiposity indicators, such as BMI, in white Americans [3], African Americans [4], and Japanese Americans [5].”
BackgroundInfluentialMetabolic syndrome and the menopause
Kaaja, R. (2008) · Menopause international · doi:10.1258/mi.2007.007032 · Cited by 82
Asp, M. L., Collene, A. L., Norris, L. E., Cole, R. M., Stout, M. B., Tang, S.-Y., Hsu, J. C., & Belury, M. A. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2011.01.001 · Cited by 82
Periaortic Adipose Tissue and Aortic Dimensions in the Framingham Heart Study
Thanassoulis, G., Massaro, J. M., Corsini, E. M., Rogers, I. S., Schlett, C. L., Meigs, J. B., Hoffmann, U., O’Donnell, C. J., & Fox, C. S. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.000885 · Cited by 80
Self-citationMetabolic complications in liver transplant recipients
Pérez, M. J., González‐Grande, R., Guzmán, E. O., Trillo, V. A., & López, J. M. R. (2016) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6416 · Cited by 80
Glycerophosphocholine Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents
Syme, C. A., Czajkowski, S., Shin, J., Abrahamowicz, M., Leonard, G. T., Perron, M., Richer, L., Veillette, S., Gaudet, D., Strug, L. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.022993 · Cited by 81
Overweight, Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease
Ting, S. M. S., Nair, H., Ching, I., Taheri, S., & Dasgupta, I. (2009) · Nephron Clinical Practice · doi:10.1159/000214206 · Cited by 84
Adipose Tissue Distribution and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Feliciano, E. M. C., Chen, W. Y., Bradshaw, P. T., Prado, C. M. M., Alexeeff, S., Albers, K. B., Castillo, A., & Caan, B. J. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.19.00286 · Cited by 79
Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue
Conte, M., Petraglia, L., Poggio, P., Valerio, V., Cabaro, S., Campana, P., Comentale, G., Attena, E., Russo, V., Pilato, E., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.844266 · Cited by 84
Comparison of waist circumference with body mass index for predicting abdominal adipose tissue
Oka, R., Miura, K., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Yagi, K., Miyamoto, S., Moriuchi, T., Mabuchi, H., Yamagishi, M., Takeda, Y., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.10.001 · Cited by 78
Tarantino, G., Colicchio, P., Conca, P., Finelli, C., Minno, M. N. D. D., Tarantino, M., Capone, D., & Pasanisi, F. (2009) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/1476-9255-6-6 · Cited by 79
Current and Future Drug Targets in Weight Management
Witkamp, R. F. (2010) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0341-1 · Cited by 81
Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenesis in Development of Metabolic Syndrome
Pant, R., Firmal, P., Shah, V. K., Alam, A., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.619888 · Cited by 83
Ng, A. C., Melton, L. J., Atkinson, E. J., Achenbach, S. J., Holets, M. F., Peterson, J. M., Khosla, S., & Drake, M. T. (2013) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2013.02.006 · Cited by 78
“Nevertheless, it is VAT which is more consistently and strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities, insulin resistance, adipokine production and inflammation [8, 33, 34], processes that may be involved in the maintenance of bone mass and structure.”
BackgroundBritton, K. A., Pedley, A., Massaro, J. M., Corsini, E. M., Murabito, J. M., Hoffmann, U., & Fox, C. S. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.004200 · Cited by 78
Self-citationIntramuscular fat and physical performance at the Framingham Heart Study
Therkelsen, K. E., Pedley, A., Hoffmann, U., Fox, C. S., & Murabito, J. M. (2016) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-016-9893-2 · Cited by 77
Self-citationExcess adiposity and survival in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review
Parkin, E., O'Reilly, D. A., Sherlock, D., Manoharan, P., & Renehan, A. G. (2014) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12140 · Cited by 77
“Additionally, a wide fat attenuation window was used in the CT quantification and may have overestimated the amount of VAT and SAT in each patient (68).”
BackgroundInfluentialJain, S. H., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Rosito, G. A., Vasan, R. S., Raji, A., O’Donnell, C. J., Meigs, J. B., & Fox, C. S. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1733 · Cited by 77
Self-citationOda, E., & Kawai, R. (2010) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.49.2670 · Cited by 77
Matsushita, Y., Nakagawa, T., Yamamoto, S., Takahashi, Y., Yokoyama, T., Noda, M., & Mizoue, T. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0120 · Cited by 77
Burton, J. O., Gray, L. J., Webb, D. R., Davies, M. J., Khunti, K., Crasto, W., Carr, S. J., & Brunskill, N. J. (2012) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfr574 · Cited by 77
Hwang, Y., Fujimoto, W. Y., Hayashi, T., Kahn, S. E., Leonetti, D. L., & Boyko, E. J. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3246 · Cited by 79
Sexual dimorphisms in genetic loci linked to body fat distribution
Pulit, S. L., Karaderi, T., & Lindgren, C. M. (2017) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20160184 · Cited by 82
Du, T., Sun, X., Huo, R., & Yu, X. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.181 · Cited by 98
Frantz, E. D. C., Prodel, E., Bráz, I. D., Giori, I. G., Bargut, T. C. L., Magliano, D. C., & da Nóbrega, A. C. L. (2018) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20180276 · Cited by 75
Bhagwat, P., Ofotokun, I., McComsey, G. A., Brown, T. T., Moser, C., Sugar, C. A., & Currier, J. S. (2018) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy201 · Cited by 76
Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets
Fardoun, M., Maaliki, D. S., Halabi, N., Iratni, R., Bitto, A., Baydoun, E., & Eid, A. H. (2020) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20200356 · Cited by 76
Health and ageing: A cross-sectional study of body composition
Bazzocchi, A., Diano, D., Ponti, F., Andreone, A., Sassi, C., Albisinni, U., Marchesini, G., & Battista, G. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.10.004 · Cited by 77
Kim, S., Cho, B., Lee, H., Choi, K. M., Hwang, S.-S., Kim, D., Kim, K., & Kwon, H. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1364 · Cited by 76
Sreedharan, S., Gokulakrishnan, K., Velmurugan, K., Deepa, M., & Mohan, V. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 76
Direk, K., Cecelja, M., Astle, W. J., Chowienczyk, P., Spector, T. D., Falchi, M., & Andrew, T. (2013) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-13-25 · Cited by 75
“Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity both contribute to the prevalence of hypertension, but when adjusted for BMI or waist circumference, subcutaneous fat is no longer associated with hypertension [37].”
BackgroundResultMaislin, G., Ahmed, M. M., Gooneratne, N. S., Thorne-FitzGerald, M. D., Kim, C., Teff, K. L., Arnardóttir, E. S., Benediktsdóttir, B., Einarsdóttir, H., Júlíusson, S., et al. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2012.53 · Cited by 74
Bidulescu, A., Liu, J., Hickson, D. A., Hairston, K. G., Fox, E. R., Arnett, D. K., Sumner, A. E., Taylor, H. A., & Gibbons, G. H. (2013) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-13-9 · Cited by 75
“Despite a lower amount of VAT and a lower concentration of serum adiponectin in African Americans, the inverse association in women of visceral adiposity with adiponectin that we showed extends the findings from studies among participants of European ancestry [9, 11].”
ResultYi, S., Park, S., Lee, Y., Park, H.-J., Balkau, B., & Yi, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08498-6 · Cited by 76
Glucocorticoid Modulation of Insulin Signaling in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Gathercole, L. L., Bujalska, I. J., Stewart, P. M., & Tomlinson, J. W. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1399 · Cited by 73
Wang, Z., Zeng, X., Chen, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Zhu, M., & Yi, D. (2015) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000602 · Cited by 74
“However, this study did not adjust the confounding effects from visceral fat, which is generally positively associated with PBF [18,20].”
BackgroundLi, W., DORANS, K. S., Wilker, E. H., Rice, M. B., Schwartz, J. D., Coull, B. A., Koutrakis, P., Gold, D. R., Fox, C. S., & Mittleman, M. A. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21630 · Cited by 74
“5, fine particulate matter; BMI, body mass index; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; CI, confidence interval.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSadananthan, S. A., Prakash, B., Leow, M. K., Khoo, C. M., Chou, H., Venkataraman, K., Khoo, E. Y. H., Lee, Y. S., Gluckman, P. D., Tai, E. S., et al. (2014) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.24655 · Cited by 74
“The ability to image the volume of fat in various depots has led to the observation that VAT is more strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks than SAT (1,2).”
BackgroundBorga, M., Thomas, E. L., Romu, T., Rosander, J., Fitzpatrick, J. A., Leinhard, O. D., & Bell, J. D. (2015) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.3432 · Cited by 74
“In studies with larger cohorts such as the Dallas Heart Study (8), the Framingham Heart Study (9) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (10), very limited abdominal MR/CT imaging was carried out, with some studies using single-slice to define abdominal adiposity.”
Abdominal Body Composition Differences in NFL Football Players
Bosch, T. A., Burruss, T. P., Weir, N. L., Fielding, K. A., Engel, B. E., Weston, T. D., & Dengel, D. R. (2014) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000650 · Cited by 74
“0) Percent fat (%) 27A (6) 17B (4) 12C (3) Total fat (kg) 36.”
BackgroundExcessive visceral fat accumulation in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Kida, K., Furutate, R., Ishii, I., Wakabayashi, Motegi, Yamada, & Gemma (2011) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s22885 · Cited by 73
Imaging mass spectrometry demonstrates age-related decline in human adipose plasticity
Guillermier, C., Fazeli, P. K., Kim, S., Lun, M., Zuflacht, J. P., Milian, J., Lee, H., François‐Saint‐Cyr, H., Horréard, F., Larson, D. J., et al. (2017) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.90349 · Cited by 77
Bentley, A. R., & Rotimi, C. N. (2017) · Global Heart · doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2017.01.011 · Cited by 72
Nijhawans, P., Behl, T., & Bhardwaj, S. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110103 · Cited by 75
Long, M. T., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Benjamin, E. J., & Naimi, T. S. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.022 · Cited by 74
Self-citationYu, J., Qian, Y., Chen, G., Hou, L., Liu, Q., Xu, Y., Qiu, Y., & Song, P. (2021) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3507 · Cited by 73
Yan, Q., Sun, D., Li, X., Zheng, Q.-H., Li, L., Gu, C., & Feng, B. (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2464 · Cited by 73
“associated with different metabolic risk [2].”
A classification system for zebrafish adipose tissues
Minchin, J. E. N., & Rawls, J. F. (2017) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.025759 · Cited by 75
“Accordingly, the ratio of upper to lower body AT, and also VAT to SAT, is a strong predictor of metabolic disease (Fox et al., 2007;McLaughlin et al., 2011; Goodpaster et al., 2005).”
BackgroundFactors Determining Insulin Resistance in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Hung, A. M., & Ikizler, T. A. (2011) · Contributions to nephrology · doi:10.1159/000327177 · Cited by 72
Abdominal Fat in Children Measured by Ultrasound and Computed Tomography
Mook‐Kanamori, D. O., Holzhauer, S., Hollestein, L. M., Durmuş, B., Manniesing, R., Koek, M., Boehm, G., van der Beek, E. M., Albert Hofman, D., Witteman, J. C. M., et al. (2009) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.07.002 · Cited by 72
Duan, X., Xie, P., Ma, Y., & Tang, S. (2010) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0800-3 · Cited by 72
Proteomics in Nutrition: Status Quo and Outlook for Biomarkers and Bioactives
Kussmann, M., Panchaud, A., & Affolter, M. (2010) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr1004339 · Cited by 75
TOYODA, M., Matsubara, Y., Lin, K., Sugimachi, K., & Furue, M. (2009) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.1591 · Cited by 72
The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Heart Disease
Matloch, Z., Kotulák, T., & Haluzı́k, M. (2016) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.933036 · Cited by 74
Kim, S., Chung, J., Song, S.-W., Jung, W. S., Lee, Y.-A., & Kim, H.-N. (2016) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0127-7 · Cited by 75
Ultrasound: Which role in body composition?
Bazzocchi, A., Filonzi, G., Ponti, F., Albisinni, U., Guglielmi, G., & Battista, G. (2016) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.04.005 · Cited by 72
Plasticity of adipose tissue in response to fasting and refeeding in male mice
Tang, H., Tang, C.-Y., Man, X., Tan, S., Yue, G., Tang, J., Zhou, C., & Zhou, H. (2017) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0159-x · Cited by 76
Levelt, E., Gulsin, G. S., Neubauer, S., & McCann, G. P. (2018) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-17-0724 · Cited by 76
Han, Y., Kwon, E.-Y., Yu, M. R., Lee, S., Kim, H., Kim, S.-B., Kim, Y., & Choi, M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10020160 · Cited by 72
“In general, although both SAT and VAT were significantly correlated with metabolic risk factors, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VAT remains more strongly associated with adverse metabolic risk profiles [29].”
BackgroundComparison of epicardial, abdominal and regional fat compartments in response to weight loss
Kim, M.-K., Tanaka, K., Kim, M.-J., Matuso, T., Endo, T., Tomita, T., Maeda, S., & Ajisaka, R. (2009) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.01.010 · Cited by 72
Sex Differences in the Contributions of Visceral and Total Body Fat to Blood Pressure in Adolescence
Pausova, Z., Mahboubi, A., Abrahamowicz, M., Leonard, G. T., Perron, M., Richer, L., Veillette, S., Gaudet, D., & Paus, T. (2012) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.180372 · Cited by 70
Adiposity and sex-specific cancer risk
Rask‐Andersen, M., Ivansson, E. L., Höglund, J., Ek, W. E., Karlsson, T., & Johansson, Å. (2023) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2023.05.010 · Cited by 72
Intra-abdominal Fat Predicts Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
Balentine, C. J., Enriquez, J., Fisher, W. P., Hodges, S. E., Bansal, V., Sansgiry, S., Petersen, N. J., & Berger, D. H. (2010) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-010-1297-5 · Cited by 71
Vitamin A Intake Is Inversely Related with Adiposity in Healthy Young Adults
Zulet, M. Á., Puchau, B., Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Navarro, C., & Martínez, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.54.347 · Cited by 71
Association of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adiposity with Kidney Function
Young, J. A., Hwang, S., Sarnak, M. J., Hoffmann, U., Massaro, J. M., Levy, D. A., Benjamin, E. J., Larson, M. G., Vasan, R. S., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2008) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.02490508 · Cited by 71
Self-citationMinchin, J. E. N., Dahlman, I. A., Harvey, C. J., Mejhert, N., Singh, M. K., Epstein, J. A., Arner, P., Torres‐Vázquez, J., & Rawls, J. F. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1416412112 · Cited by 71
Visceral adiposity in gastrointestinal and hepatic carcinogenesis
Vongsuvanh, R., George, J., Qiao, L., & van der Poorten, D. (2012) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.038 · Cited by 72
Therkelsen, K. E., Abraham, T. M., Pedley, A., Massaro, J. M., Sutherland, P. A., Hoffmann, U., & Fox, C. S. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002640 · Cited by 71
“99.(15) The same MDCT scans were used to measure VAT and SAT attenuation, using a method that has been described previously.”
MethodSelf-citationTotzauer, M., Luque, V., Escribano, J., Closa‐Monasterolo, R., Verduci, E., ReDionigi, A., Hoyos, J., Langhendries, J., Gruszfeld, D., Socha, P., et al. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22203 · Cited by 71
“Since risks for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes are highly associated with body FM in adolescents and adults, the tracking of FM deposition is potentially important for obesity prevention (28,29).”
BackgroundChoi, W. G., Choi, W., Oh, T. J., Cha, H.-N., Hwang, I., Lee, Y. K., Lee, S. Y., Shin, H., Lim, A., Ryu, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci145331 · Cited by 71
Vitamin D status and hypertension: a review
Brock, K. E., Ke, L., Mason, R. S., Kariuki, M., & Mpofu, E. (2015) · Integrated Blood Pressure Control · doi:10.2147/ibpc.s49958 · Cited by 72
Spolidoro, J. V., Filho, M. L. P., Vargas, L. T. R., Santana, J. C. B., Pitrez, E. H., Hauschild, J. A., Bruscato, N. M., Moriguchi, E. H., Medeiros, A. K., & Piva, J. P. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.020 · Cited by 70
Measurement of Visceral Fat: Should We Include Retroperitoneal Fat?
Hung, C., Lee, J., Yang, C., Hsieh, H.-R., Ma, W.-Y., Lin, M., Liu, P., Shih, S., Liou, J., Chuang, L., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112355 · Cited by 70
Figueroa, A. L., Takx, R. A. P., MacNabb, M. H., Abdelbaky, A., Lavender, Z. R., Kaplan, R. S., Truong, Q. A., Lo, J., Ghoshhajra, B. B., Grinspoon, S. K., et al. (2016) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.115.004043 · Cited by 70
“However, imaging measures of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) explain a greater part of the variation in metabolic risk factors and are more strongly associated with abnormal metabolic profile beyond BMI.10 One potential biological link between VAT and atherosclerosis relates to immune regulation.11,12 Adipocytes and adi…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdiposity measures, lean body mass, physical activity and mortality: NHANES 1999–2004
Navaneethan, S. D., Kirwan, J. P., Arrigain, S., & Schold, J. D. (2014) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-15-108 · Cited by 69
“Absence of association between percent and total body fat and mortality in the general population may be explained by the differential associations between visceral and subcutaneous adiposity [27,28].”
BackgroundBreij, L. M., Kerkhof, G. F., Rolfe, E. D. L., Ong, K. K., Berkeveld, M. A., Acton, D. S., & Hokken‐Koelega, A. C. S. (2016) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12139 · Cited by 69
“Previous studies have consistently shown that particularly visceral obesity, compared with overall obesity, is a key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (27).”
BackgroundEpicardial adipose tissue as a mediator of cardiac arrhythmias
Patel, K. H. K., Hwang, T., Liebers, C. S., & Ng, F. S. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00565.2021 · Cited by 77
Perinatal Origins of Adult Disease and Opportunities for Health Promotion: A Narrative Review
Nobile, S., Morgia, C. D. S., & Vento, G. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12020157 · Cited by 75
“Abdominal adipose tissue, an endocrine organ, secretes adipocytokines and vasoactive substances that can influence the risk of developing metabolic traits [47].”
BackgroundKlimčáková, E., Roussel, B., Kovacova, Z., Kováčiková, M., Šiklová, M., Combes, M., Hejnová, J., Decaunes, P., Maoret, J.-J., Vedral, T., et al. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-2014-3 · Cited by 74
Kim, L. J., Nalls, M. A., Eiríksdóttir, G., Sigurdsson, S. O., Launer, L. J., Koster, A., Chaves, P. H. M., Jónsdóttir, B., García, M., Gudnason, V. G., et al. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.291 · Cited by 69
Association of Fat Density With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Alvey, N. J., Pedley, A., Rosenquist, K. J., Massaro, J. M., O’Donnell, C. J., Hoffmann, U., & Fox, C. S. (2014) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.000788 · Cited by 70
Self-citationLactation and Maternal Cardio-Metabolic Health
Perrine, C. G., Nelson, J. M., Corbelli, J. A., & Scanlon, K. S. (2016) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051213 · Cited by 71
“Visceral Adiposity During pregnancy, women develop increased stores of visceral fat (34), which is more strongly associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors than subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, which is typically greater in volume (20).”
BackgroundProbiotics for the control of obesity – Its effect on weight change
Rouxinol-Dias, A. L., Pinto, A., Janeiro, C., Rodrigues, D., Moreira, M., Dias, J., & Pereira, P. A. (2016) · Porto Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.pbj.2016.03.005 · Cited by 70
“Korea 19 to 60 year old, male and female, obese fasting blood sugar ≥100 mg/dL, Sex (M/F): 22/35 Eligible (83), randomized(62), allocated for intervention (31-2 lost of follow up for primary outcome) allocated for control group (31-6 lost of follow up for primary outcome), loss of follow up in intervention group (3),…”
BackgroundTatsumi, Y., Nakao, Y. M., Masuda, I., Higashiyama, A., Takegami, M., Nishimura, K., Watanabe, M., Ohkubo, T., Okamura, T., & Miyamoto, Y. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013831 · Cited by 77
Ladeiras‐Lopes, R., Sampaio, F., Bettencourt, N., Fontes‐Carvalho, R., Ferreira, N. D., Leite-Moreira, A. F., & Gama, V. (2017) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2016.09.006 · Cited by 71
“2017;70(5):331–337 333 Document downloaded from http://www.”
InfluentialThe role of adipose tissue in fatty liver diseases
Parker, R. (2018) · Liver Research · doi:10.1016/j.livres.2018.02.002 · Cited by 75
Babiker, R. A., Elmusharaf, K., Keogh, M. B., & Saeed, A. M. (2018) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-018-0711-y · Cited by 69
Lipodystrophy: A paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue
Lim, K., Haider, A., Adams, C., Sleigh, A., & Savage, D. B. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2020 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Fox, C. S., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Pou, K. M., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Liu, C.-Y., Vasan, R. S., Murabito, J. M., Meigs, J. B., Cupples, L. A., D’Agostino, R. B., & O’Donnell, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- From the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study (C.S.F., C.J.O.), Framingham, Mass; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine (C.S.F., K.M.P.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Boston University, Department of Mathematics (J.M.M.; R.B.D.) and School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics (C.-Y.L., L.A.C.), Boston, Mass; Radiology Department (U.H.) and Department of Medicine (J.B.M., C.J.O.),...
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2007-07-03
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-48
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W1989400130
- Cited by
- 2,882
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 102 · 2025: 163 · 2024: 172 · 2023: 164 · 2022: 190 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 162 · 2019: 161 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 157 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 182 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 151 · 2012: 124
- FWCI
- 68.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01‐HC25195, K24HL004334)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007529)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, metabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome, sex differences, hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus, body fat distribution, obesity, body mass index, waist circumference
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Calcium, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Organ Size, Risk, Sex Factors, United States, Hypertriglyceridemia, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Glucose Intolerance, Metabolic Syndrome, Tomography, Spiral Computed, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Overweight, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
