Cited by 158Regulation of Appetite and ObesityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

Exposure to a High-Fat Diet Alters Leptin Sensitivity and Elevates Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Arterial Pressure in Rabbits

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Prior, Larissa J., Eikelis, Nina, Armitage, James A., Davern, Pamela J., Burke, Sandra L., Montani, Jean-Pierre, Barzel, Benjamin, Head, Geoffrey A.·2010·Hypertension

Abstract

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system through the central actions of the adipokine leptin has been suggested as a major mechanism by which obesity contributes to the development of hypertension. However, direct evidence for elevated sympathetic activity in obesity has been limited to muscle. The present study examined the renal sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular effects of a high-fat diet (HFD), as well as the changes in the sensitivity to intracerebroventricular leptin. New Zealand white rabbits fed a 13.5% HFD for 4 weeks showed modest weight gain but a 2- to 3-fold greater accumulation of visceral fat compared with control rabbits. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine concentration increased by 8%, 26%, and 87%, respectively ( P <0.05), after 3 weeks of HFD. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was 48% higher ( P <0.05) in HFD compared with control diet rabbits and was correlated to plasma leptin ( r =0.87; P <0.01). Intracerebroventricular leptin administration (5 to 100 μg) increased mean arterial pressure similarly in both groups, but renal sympathetic nerve activity increased more in HFD-fed rabbits. By contrast, intracerebroventricular leptin produced less neurons expressing c-Fos in HFD compared with control rabbits in regions important for appetite and sympathetic actions of leptin (arcuate: −54%, paraventricular: −69%, and dorsomedial hypothalamus: −65%). These results suggest that visceral fat accumulation through consumption of a HFD leads to marked sympathetic activation, which is related to increased responsiveness to central sympathoexcitatory effects of leptin. The paradoxical reduction in hypothalamic neuronal activation by leptin suggests a marked “selective leptin resistance” in these animals.

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Crossref · 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.141119

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  • The relationship among insulin, leptin, and MAP appears more complex than previously reported because the rising trend of MAP follows that of insulin and leptin during the onset of obesity but does not appear to hold after withdrawal of HFD.

    “The relationship among insulin, leptin, and MAP appears more complex than we have reported previously, 9 because the rising trend of MAP follows that of insulin and leptin during the onset of obesity but does not appear to hold after the withdrawal of HFD, where plasma leptin and insulin concentrations fall rapidly but MAP and RSNA remain high.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Dorward PK, Riedel W, Burke SL, Gipps J, Korner PI. The renal sym- pathetic baroreflex in the rabbit: arterial and cardiac baroreceptor influences, resetting, and effect of anesthesia. Circ Res. 1985;57: 618 -633.
  2. Malpas SC, Bendle RD, Head GA, Ricketts JH. Frequency and amplitude of sympathetic discharges by baroreflexes during hypoxia in conscious rabbits. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:H2563-H2574.
  3. Burke SL, Head GA. Method for in-vivo calibration of renal sympathetic nerve activity in rabbits. J Neurosci Methods. 2003;127:63-74.

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Authors
Prior, L. J., Eikelis, N., Armitage, J. A., Davern, P. J., Burke, S. L., Montani, J.-P., Barzel, B., & Head, G. A.
Affiliations
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
Venue
Hypertension
Published
2010-04
Volume
55
Issue
4
Pages
862-868
ISSN
  • 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4563
OpenAlex
W2073599743
Cited by
157
References
42
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 16
FWCI
8.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Hypertension (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords
high-fat diet, leptin, leptin resistance, renal sympathetic nerve activity, visceral fat, obesity, sympathetic nervous system, c-fos, hypothalamus, norepinephrine, arterial pressure, rabbits
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Catheters, Indwelling, Dietary Fats, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Heart Rate, Hypothalamus, Injections, Intraventricular, Kidney, Male, Neurons, Rabbits, Sympathetic Nervous System, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Leptin, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Receptors, Leptin

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