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Cited by 27Neuroscience of respiration and sleepHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

Chronic Interactions Between Carotid Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors in Obesity Hypertension

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Lohmeier, Thomas E., Iliescu, Radu, Tudorancea, Ionut, Cazan, Radu, Cates, Adam W., Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios, Irwin, Eric D.·2016·Hypertension
DOI 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07232PMC PMC4900898
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Abstract

Carotid bodies play a critical role in protecting against hypoxemia, and their activation increases sympathetic activity, arterial pressure, and ventilation, responses opposed by acute stimulation of the baroreflex. Although chemoreceptor hypersensitivity is associated with sympathetically mediated hypertension, the mechanisms involved and their significance in the pathogenesis of hypertension remain unclear. We investigated the chronic interactions of these reflexes in dogs with sympathetically mediated, obesity-induced hypertension based on the hypothesis that hypoxemia and tonic activation of carotid chemoreceptors may be associated with obesity. After 5 weeks on a high-fat diet, the animals experienced a 35% to 40% weight gain and increases in arterial pressure from 106±3 to 123±3 mm Hg and respiratory rate from 8±1 to 12±1 breaths/min along with hypoxemia (arterial partial pressure of oxygen=81±3 mm Hg) but eucapnia. During 7 days of carotid baroreflex activation by electric stimulation of the carotid sinus, tachypnea was attenuated, and hypertension was abolished before these variables returned to prestimulation values during a recovery period. After subsequent denervation of the carotid sinus region, respiratory rate decreased transiently in association with further sustained reductions in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (to 65±2 mm Hg) and substantial hypercapnia. Moreover, the severity of hypertension was attenuated from 125±2 to 116±3 mm Hg (45%–50% reduction). These findings suggest that hypoxemia may account for sustained stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors in obesity and that this activation leads to compensatory increases in ventilation and central sympathetic outflow that contributes to neurogenically mediated hypertension. Furthermore, the excitatory effects of chemoreceptor hyperactivity are abolished by chronic activation of the carotid baroreflex.

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  • These changes in obese dogs were attenuated by chronic electrical stimulation of the carotid baroreflex or carotid body denervation.

    “These changes were attenuated by chronic electrical stimulation of the carotid baroreflex or carotid body denervation.”

    From Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links (2019) · cites this paper as [188]

  • Obese dogs fed a high-fat diet were hypoxaemic but eucapnic and appeared to have tonic activation of carotid chemoreceptors as well as increases in blood pressure and respiratory rate.

    “Obese dogs fed an HFD were hypoxaemic but eucapnic and appeared to have tonic activation of carotid chemoreceptors as well as increases in BP and respiratory rate188.”

    From Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links (2019) · cites this paper as [188]

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Authors
Lohmeier, T. E., Iliescu, R., Tudorancea, I., Cazan, R., Cates, A. W., Georgakopoulos, D., & Irwin, E. D.
Affiliations
  • North Memorial Medical Center (US)
  • From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.E.L.); Department of Pharmacology (R.I.) and Department of Physiology (I.T.), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Gr. T. Popa,” Iasi, Romania; Colonial Pipeline Company, Atlanta, GA (R.C.); CVRx, Inc., Minneapolis, MN (A.W.C., D.G.); and North Memorial Medical Center, Trauma Services, Robbinsdale, MN (E.D.I.).
ORCID
Venue
Hypertension
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2016-07
Volume
68
Issue
1
Pages
227-235
ISSN
  • 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4563
DOI
10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07232
PMC
PMC4900898
OpenAlex
W2383859278
Cited by
27
References
51
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4
FWCI
3.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Hypertension (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL051971)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM104357)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords
obesity-related hypertension, carotid baroreflex, carotid chemoreceptors, hypoxemia, high-fat diet, carotid sinus denervation, sympathetic nervous system, central sympathetic outflow, tachypnea, hypercapnia, neurogenic hypertension, blood pressure regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Hypoxia, Carotid Body, Chemoreceptor Cells, Disease Models, Animal, Dogs, Electric Stimulation, Hypertension, Obesity, Pressoreceptors, Random Allocation, Treatment Outcome, Tachypnea, Diet, High-Fat

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