Effects of Sensory Information and Prior Experience on Direct Subjective Ratings of Presence
Abstract
We report three experiments using a new form of direct subjective presence evaluation that was developed from the method of continuous assessment used to assess television picture quality. Observers were required to provide a continuous rating of their sense of presence using a handheld slider. The first experiment investigated the effects of manipulating stereoscopic and motion parallax cues within video sequences presented on a 20 in. stereoscopic CRT display. The results showed that the presentation of both stereoscopic and motion parallax cues was associated with higher presence ratings. One possible interpretation of Experiment 1 is that CRT displays that contain the spatial cues of stereoscopic disparity and motion parallax are more interesting or engaging. To test this, observers in Experiment 2 rated the same stimuli first for interest and then for presence. The results showed that variations in interest did not predict the presence ratings obtained in Experiment 1. However, the subsequent ratings of presence differed significantly from those obtained in Experiment 1, suggesting that prior experience with interest ratings affected subsequent judgments of presence. To test this, Experiment 3 investigated the effects of prior experience on presence ratings. Three groups of observers rated a training sequence for interest, presence, and 3-Dness before rating the same stimuli as used for Experiments 1 and 2 for presence. The results demonstrated that prior ratings sensitize observers to different features of a display resulting in different presence ratings. The implications of these results for presence evaluation are discussed, and a combination of more-refined subjective measures and a battery of objective measures is recommended.
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Self-citationTemporal Presence Variation in Immersive Computer Games
Chung, J., & Gardner, H. J. (2012) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2011.627298 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Fromberger, P., Meyer, S., Kempf, C., Jordan, K., & Müller, J. L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127156 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tajadura‐Jiménez, A., Väljamäe, A., & Västfjäll, D. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effects of Presence on Causing Cybersickness in the Elderly within a 3D Virtual Store
Liu, C.-L., & Uang, S.-T. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21619-0_61 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Some Usability Issues of Augmented and Mixed Reality for e-Health Applications in the Medical Domain
Behringer, R., Christian, J., Holzinger, A., & Wilkinson, S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76805-0_21 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Really hear? The effects of audio quality on presence
Lessiter, J., & Freeman, J. (2001) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimodal Dataset for Assessment of Quality of Experience in Immersive Multimedia
Perrin, A.-F., He, X., Kroupi, E., Řeřábek, M., & Ebrahimi, T. (2015) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/2733373.2806387 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Responses of functional brain networks while watching 2D and 3D videos: An EEG study
Yu, M., Li, Y., & Tian, F. (2021) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102613 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Measuring temporal variations in presence
IJsselsteijn, W. A., & de Ridder, H. (2000) · TU/e Research Portal · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationAroused and immersed: the psychophysiology of presence
Dillon, C., Freeman, J., & Davidoff, J. B. (2000) · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effect of Haptic Prediction Accuracy on Presence
Gall, D., & Latoschik, M. E. (2018) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr.2018.8446153 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Toward a Core Bibliography of Presence
IJsselsteijn, W. A., Lombard, M., & Freeman, J. (2001) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493101300117983 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationContrast effect in evaluating the sense of presence for wide displays
Masaoka, K., Emoto, M., Sugawara, M., & Nojiri, Y. (2006) · Journal of the Society for Information Display · doi:10.1889/1.2358572 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Visual Presence: Viewing Geometry Visual Information of UHD S3D Entertainment
Oh, H., & Lee, S. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2016.2567099 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Pearson, D. E., & IJsselsteijn, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Essex (GB)
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
- Venue
- Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1054-7460 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2128892972
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 13.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- presence, continuous assessment, stereoscopic display, motion parallax, stereoscopic disparity, prior experience, sensory cues, CRT display
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