The limitations and ethical considerations of ChatGPT
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ABSTRACT With the advancements of artificial intelligence technology, ChatGPT, a new practice of artificial intelligence, holds immense potential across multiple fields. Its user-friendly human-machine interface, rapid response capabilities, and delivery of high-quality answers have attracted considerable attention and widespread usage. Regarded by many as a groundbreaking advancement in AI, ChatGPT represents a new milestone in the field. However, as with any technological evolution, the emergence of ChatGPT brings not only benefits, but also inevitable security risks and ethical issues. This paper provides specific information about ChatGPT, including its technology, limitations, ethical issues, governance paths and future directions. Specifically, we firstly offered a thorough exploration of the technical implementation details of GPT series models. Next, we provided an intricate analysis elucidating the reasons for limitations and scrutinized the consequential impacts, such as malicious misuse, privacy violation, and so on. Finally, we explore diverse governance paths to mitigate the impacts of ChatGPT and present future directions. This review aims to equip users with crucial knowledge, facilitating well-informed decision-making, effectively handling of potential challenges in employing ChatGPT, and staying abreast with the rapidly evolving landscape of this technology.
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Ethical concerns may arise from employing AI chatbots in delicate domains pertaining to patient care, privacy, and confidentiality.
“Furthermore, ethical concerns may arise from employing AI chatbots in delicate domains pertaining to patient care, privacy, and confidentiality (52–54).”
From Digital affordances of AI chatbots in nursing education: a systematic review of learning gains and gaps in the evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [54]
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Investigating ChatGPT on Reddit by Using Lexicon-Based Sentiment Analysis
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REVOLUTIONIZE THE POTENTIAL OF CHATGPT AS TEACHING MATERIAL TO ENGAGE STUDENTS IN LEARNING
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“Furthermore, ethical concerns may arise from employing AI chat-bots in delicate domains pertaining to patient care, privacy, and confidentiality (52–54).”
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Role of ChatGPT in antenatal care
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Are you smarter than ChatGPT? Challenging our understanding of media literacy through generative AI
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Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Accuracy and creativity analysis of ChatGPT in quantitative aptitude
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Building of a Question-Answering System for Umrah Using Fine-Tuned Transformer Model
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Artificial Intelligence in Transportation: The Potential of ChatGPT
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- Authors
- Hua, S., Jin, S., & Jiang, S.
- Affiliations
- ORCID (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Shengyi
- ORCID
- Jiang, Shengyi
- Venue
- Data Intelligence
- Published
- 2024
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 201-239
- ISSN
- 2096-7004 (ISSN-L)
- 2641-435X
- OpenAlex
- W4390058985
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 23
- FWCI
- 29.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Data Intelligence (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, AI limitations, AI ethics, AI security risks, privacy violations, AI governance, human-machine interaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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