Selective Interference with Syntactic Encoding during Sentence Production by Direct Electrocortical Stimulation of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus
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Cortical stimulation mapping (CSM) has provided important insights into the neuroanatomy of language because of its high spatial and temporal resolution, and the causal relationships that can be inferred from transient disruption of specific functions. Almost all CSM studies to date have focused on word-level processes such as naming, comprehension, and repetition. In this study, we used CSM to identify sites where stimulation interfered selectively with syntactic encoding during sentence production. Fourteen patients undergoing left-hemisphere neurosurgery participated in the study. In 7 of the 14 patients, we identified nine sites where cortical stimulation interfered with syntactic encoding but did not interfere with single word processing. All nine sites were localized to the inferior frontal gyrus, mostly to the pars triangularis and opercularis. Interference with syntactic encoding took several different forms, including misassignment of arguments to grammatical roles, misassignment of nouns to verb slots, omission of function words and inflectional morphology, and various paragrammatic constructions. Our findings suggest that the left inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in the encoding of syntactic structure during sentence production.
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Converging evidence suggests Broca's area may not have a critical role in speech articulation but may instead be involved in word retrieval and grammar.
“Converging evidence suggests that Broca’s area, although classically posited as critical for speech production, may not have a critical role in speech articulation15,69,70 but may instead be involved in word retrieval and grammar71,72, although this is an active research area71.”
From The speech neuroprosthesis (2024) · cites this paper as [72]
The Results and Discussion (pages unavailable in our copy) support a role for the left inferior frontal gyrus, including Broca’s area, in syntactic encoding and grammar. They do not establish a role in word retrieval; the study distinguished its syntactic-encoding sites from sites that disrupted picture naming. The articulation clause has separate citations and is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Chang, E. F., Kurteff, G., & Wilson, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 411-420
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- PMC
- PMC5819756
- OpenAlex
- W2771252713
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (5r00ns065120-04)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R21DC016080, R01DC012379, R01DC013270)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K99NS065120, U01NS098971, R00-NS065120)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- syntactic encoding, sentence production, inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis, pars opercularis, left hemisphere language
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Brain Mapping, Craniotomy, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Linguistics, Male, Middle Aged, Speech, Visual Perception, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult, Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring
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