Precision fMRI reveals that the language-selective network supports both phrase-structure building and lexical access during language production
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Abstract
A fronto-temporal brain network has long been implicated in language comprehension. However, this network’s role in language production remains debated. In particular, it remains unclear whether all or only some language regions contribute to production, and which aspects of production these regions support. Across 3 functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments that rely on robust individual-subject analyses, we characterize the language network’s response to high-level production demands. We report 3 novel results. First, sentence production, spoken or typed, elicits a strong response throughout the language network. Second, the language network responds to both phrase-structure building and lexical access demands, although the response to phrase-structure building is stronger and more spatially extensive, present in every language region. Finally, contra some proposals, we find no evidence of brain regions—within or outside the language network—that selectively support phrase-structure building in production relative to comprehension. Instead, all language regions respond more strongly during production than comprehension, suggesting that production incurs a greater cost for the language network. Together, these results align with the idea that language comprehension and production draw on the same knowledge representations, which are stored in a distributed manner within the language-selective network and are used to both interpret and generate linguistic utterances.
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The language network supports linguistic operations related both to processing word meanings and to combinatorial semantic and syntactic processing.
“and supports linguistic operations related both to the processing of word meanings and to combinatorial semantic and syntactic processing [35, 38].”
From Dissociating language and thought in large language models (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
The language network supports both comprehension (spoken, written, and signed) and production.
“This language network supports both comprehension (spoken, written, and signed) [30, 31, 32, 33] and production [34, 35]”
From Dissociating language and thought in large language models (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
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Left-Hemisphere Cortical Language Regions Respond Equally to Observed Dialogue and Monologue
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Constructed languages are processed by the same brain mechanisms as natural languages
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Resting State Network Segregation Modulates Age-Related Differences in Language Production
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Conversational content is organized across multiple timescales in the brain
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Language dysfunction as a primary feature of cognitive decline in neurological populations
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Linguistic inputs must be syntactically parsable to fully engage the language networkPreprint
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Self-citationMapping the neuronal building blocks of human language with language models
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Learning in Wilson-Cowan Model for Metapopulation
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EEG neurosubtyping of infants predicts language trajectories
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Cortical representations of languages during natural dialoguePreprint
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Construct Validation of the Verb Naming Test for Aphasia
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- Authors
- Hu, J., Small, H., Kean, H., Takahashi, A., Zekelman, L., Kleinman, D., Ryan, E., Nieto-Castañón, A., Ferreira, V., & Fedorenko, E.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Haskins Laboratories (US)
- St. George's University (GD)
- Boston University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Jennifer
- Fedorenko, Evelina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2022-09-20
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4384-4404
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC10110436
- OpenAlex
- W4296580689
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 207
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 7.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- NINDS (U01-NS121471)
- Simons Center for the Social Brain
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research
- National Science Foundation (#1745302)
- National Institutes of Health (R01-DC016950, R01-DC016607)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- language production, language comprehension, lexical access, sentence production
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Comprehension
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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