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Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.
Open accessAbstract
Indirect evidence suggests accelerated degradation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (ENDO) by superoxide anion (O2-) in hypercholesterolemic vessels (HV). To directly measure O2- production by normal vessels (NV) and HV, we used an assay for O2- based on the chemiluminescence (CL) of lucigenin (L). HV (1 mo cholesterol-fed rabbits) produced threefold more O2- than NV (1.47 +/- 0.20 nM/mg tissue/min, n = 7 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg tissue/min, n = 8, P < 0.001). Endothelial removal increased O2- production in NV (0.73 +/- 0.08, n = 6, P < 0.05), while decreasing it in HV (0.76 +/- 0.15, n = 5, P < 0.05). There was no difference between denuded HV and denuded NV. Oxypurinol, a noncompetitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, normalized O2- production in HV, but had no effect in NV. In separate isometric tension studies treatment with oxypurinol improved acetylcholine induced relaxations in HV, while having no effect on responses in normal vessels. Oxypurinol did not alter relaxations to nitroprusside. Thus, the endothelium is a source of O2- in hypercholesterolemia probably via xanthine oxidase activation. Increased endothelial O2- production in HV may inactivate endothelium-derived nitric oxide and provide a source for other oxygen radicals, contributing to the early atherosclerotic process.
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“Its mechanism of action is based on the reaction with the FAD moiety of the NOX dehydrogenase domain (699).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [699]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ohara, Y., Peterson, T. E., & Harrison, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Harrison, D G
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1993-06-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2546-2551
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC443316
- OpenAlex
- W2135633069
- Cited by
- 1,765
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 26.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl032717-09)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL039006, HL-32717, HL-39006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- hypercholesterolemia, superoxide, endothelium, nitric oxide degradation, xanthine oxidase, oxypurinol, chemiluminescence, lucigenin, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, acetylcholine-induced relaxation, cholesterol-fed rabbits
- MeSH terms
- Acridines, Animals, Aorta, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Dietary, Endothelium, Vascular, Hypercholesterolemia, Luminescent Measurements, Male, Oxypurinol, Rabbits, Superoxides, Xanthine Oxidase
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