Cited by 1,137SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesCOVID-19 epidemiological studies

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SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging

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Pedersen, Savannah F., Ho, Ya-Chi·2020·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci137647PMC PMC7190904

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Abstract

A rapidly expanding pandemicIn early December 2019, several local health facilities first reported pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China.This new coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported on December 1, 2020 and identified as a previously unknown betacoronavirus (1, 2).Since then, studies have increasingly demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted effectively among humans through aerosol or fomites (3-5).With transmission capabilities even before symptom onset (6, 7), this pandemic is rapidly evolving and expanding.As of April 2, 2020, a total of 962,977 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 49,180 deaths have been reported across 180 countries and regions.Recent models indicated that as much as 86% of all infections early in the spread were undocumented, suggesting the real number of infections is likely much greater (8).As a public health emergency of international concern, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.Public health authorities around the globe are now racing to contain the spread.

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Background
Impact of Cytokine Inhibitor Therapy on the Prevalence, Seroconversion Rate, and Longevity of the Humoral Immune Response Against SARS – CoV ‐2 in an Unvaccinated Cohort
Simón, D., Taşçılar, K., Kleyer, A., Fagni, F., Krönke, G., Meder, C. H., Dietrich, P., Orlemann, T., Kliem, T., Mößner, J., et al. (2021) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.42035 · Cited by 18
“These cytokines are released upon SARS–CoV-2–induced alveolar tissue damage, mount systemic adaptive immunity to the virus, and trigger inflammation and tissue damage (19).”
Background
COVID-19: влияние на иммунитет, систему гемостаза и возможные пути коррекции
Bi, K., Хавинсон, В. Х., & Линькова, Н. С. (2020) · Успехи физиологических наук · doi:10.31857/s0301179820040037 · Cited by 16
Time evolution of cytokine profiles associated with mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients
Prada, L. S.-D., Gorgojo-Galindo, Ó., Fierro, I., Martínez-García, A. M., de Quintana, G. S.-L., Bustillo, R. G., Pelaez-Jareño, M. T., Álvarez-Fuente, E., Gómez‐Sánchez, E., Tamayo, E., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.946730 · Cited by 14
Pentoxifylline and Oxypurinol: Potential Drugs to Prevent the “Cytokine Release (Storm) Syndrome” Caused by SARS-CoV-2?
Lopez-Iranzo, F. J., López-Rodas, A. M., Franco, L., & López‐Rodas, G. (2020) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612826666200811180232 · Cited by 15
Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID‑19 (Review)
Name, J. J., Vasconcelos, A. R., de Souza, A. R. L., & Fávaro, W. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2021.4844 · Cited by 15
“In fact, it has been observed that the reduction in IFN‐γ expression in CD4+ T cells is related to disease severity in patients with COVID‐19 (61).”
Background
Immunity and coagulation and fibrinolytic processes may reduce the risk of severe illness in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019
Zhong, Y., Cao, Y., Zhong, X., Peng, Z., Jiang, S., Tang, T., Chen, H., Li, X., Xia, Y., Cheng, Y., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.032 · Cited by 17
High dimensional profiling identifies specific immune types along the recovery trajectories of critically ill COVID19 patients
Penttilä, P.-A., Gassen, S. V., Panovska, D., Vanderbeke, L., Herck, Y. V., Quintelier, K. L. A., Emmaneel, A., Filtjens, J., Malengier‐Devlies, B., Ahmadzadeh, K., et al. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03808-8 · Cited by 16
Babaodan controls excessive immune responses and may represent a cytokine-targeted agent suitable for COVID-19 treatment
Qian, J., Xu, H., Lv, D., Liu, W., Chen, E., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Ying, K., & Fan, X. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111586 · Cited by 15
A signaling pathway-driven bioinformatics pipeline for predicting therapeutics against emerging infectious diseases
Scott, T. M., Jensen, S., & Pickett, B. E. (2021) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.52412.1 · Cited by 13
Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Autologous Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (aaPRP) in the Treatment of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients
Karina, K., Rosliana, I., Rosadi, I., Sobariah, S., Christoffel, L. M., Novariani, R., Rosidah, S., Fatkhurohman, N., Hertati, Y., Puspitaningrum, N., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2021/5531873 · Cited by 15
Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome at Hospital Admission in Patients with COVID-19
Wendt, R. T., Lingitz, M., Laggner, M., Mildner, M., Traxler, D., Graf, A. C., Krotka, P., Moser, B., Höetzenecker, K., Kalbitz, S., et al. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10111186 · Cited by 15
“This finding supported the hypothesis that patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited strong inflammatory activation [5,6,8], and it confirmed previous findings from Abers et al.”
Result
Deciphering the immunoboosting potential of macro and micronutrients in COVID support therapy
Batiha, G. E., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Qusti, S. Y., Alshammari, E. M., Kaushik, D. K., Verma, R., & Al-Kuraishy, H. M. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20075-7 · Cited by 17
“This will be crucial to the so-known cytokine storm observed amid severe COVID-19 with the presentation of unsuppressed inflammation (Pedersen and Ho 2020; Gao et al. 2017).”
Background
Applying polypharmacology approach for drug repurposing for SARS-CoV2
Jamir, E., Sarma, H., Priyadarsinee, L., Nagamani, S., Kiewhuo, K., Gaur, A. S., Rawal, R. K., Murugan, N. A., Subramanian, V., & Sastry, G. N. (2022) · Journal of Chemical Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12039-022-02046-0 · Cited by 14
Metadichol®, A Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in Vitro
Raghavan, P. R. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/1558860 · Cited by 14
“Therefore, cytokine storms [85] result in ARDS.”
Dificultades para la regulación emocional del profesorado chileno en tiempos de SARS-CoV-2
Fuentes-Vilugrón, G., Lagos-Hernández, R., & Fuentes-Merino, P. (2022) · Bordón. Revista de pedagogía · doi:10.13042/bordon.2022.89794 · Cited by 20
Comparable bidirectional neutrophil immune dysregulation between Kawasaki disease and severe COVID-19
Chen, K., Huang, Y., Wu, W.-S., Chang, L., Chu, C., & Kuo, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.995886 · Cited by 15
Network pharmacology and computer-aided drug design to explored potential targets of Lianhua Qingwen and Qingfei Paidu decoction for COVID-19
Li, L., Wang, X., Guo, X., Li, Y., Song, Q., & Li, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1013428 · Cited by 15
“According to clinical studies, an abnormal concentration of various cytokines (such as TNF-α , IL-6, IL-8) and an excessive release of reactive oxygen species in COVID-19 could cause an overactive immune response in COVID-19 (Behrens & Koretzky, 2017; Huang et al., 2020; Pedersen & Ho, 2020).”
Background
Supramolecular filaments for concurrent ACE2 docking and enzymatic activity silencing enable coronavirus capture and infection prevention
Anderson, C. F., Wang, Q., Stern, D., Leonard, E. K., Sun, B., Fergie, K. J., Choi, C.-Y., Spangler, J. B., Villano, J., Pekosz, A. S., et al. (2022) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2022.11.027 · Cited by 14
Infections of the lung: a predictive, preventive and personalized perspective through the lens of evolution, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathogenesis
Ahluwalia, P. K., Ahluwalia, M., Vaibhav, K., Mondal, A. K., Sahajpal, N., Islam, S. U., Fulzele, S., Kota, V. K., Dhandapani, K. M., Baban, B., et al. (2020) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-020-00230-1 · Cited by 14
“Given this progression, the swift pathological release of excessive amount of cytokines, termed as “cytokine storm” and is concomitant to high fever, respiratory distress, multi-organ failure, and increased mortality in COVID-19 patients [129, 130, 137].”
Background
Mechanisms of COVID-19 thrombosis in an inflammatory environment and new anticoagulant targets.
Liu, H., Hu, T., Zhang, C., Chen, X., Zhang, S., Li, M., Jing, H., Wang, C., Hu, T., & Shi, J. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14
Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Nguee, S. Y. T., Júnior, J. W. B. D., Epiphânio, S., Rénia, L., & Claser, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.899581 · Cited by 14
“When this response becomes excessive, it may have deleterious effects on the lung tissue resulting in injury (Tutkun et al., 2019;West, 2019; Pedersen and Ho, 2020; Ragab et al., 2020).”
Background
Polypharmacology guided drug repositioning approach for SARS-CoV2
Jamir, E., Sarma, H., Priyadarsinee, L., Kiewhuo, K., Nagamani, S., & Sastry, G. N. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289890 · Cited by 13
The neutrophil extracellular traps in neurological diseases: an update
Yu, X., Chen, Z., Bao, W., Jiang, Y., Ruan, F., Wu, D., & Le, K. (2024) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1093/cei/uxae057 · Cited by 15
Recognizing SARS-CoV-2 infection of nasopharyngeal tissue at the single-cell level by machine learning method
Bao, Y., Ma, Q., Chen, L., Feng, K., Guo, W., Huang, T., & Cai, Y. (2024) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2024.12.004 · Cited by 14
Mechanisms Underlying Potential Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19
Benani, A., & Mkaddem, S. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01841 · Cited by 15
Abnormal liver-related biomarkers in COVID-19 patients and the role of prealbumin
Wei, F., Li, T., Guo, Y., Zhuang, X., Huang, L., Zhang, X., & Yang, B. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4103/sjg.sjg_239_20 · Cited by 14
“[6,7,12] Second, the cytokine storm ensuing the infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 leads to increased release of inflammatory factors and decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts.[13,14] Moreover, over‐activation of the inflammatory response, which is common in septic patients, may cause dysfunction of multiple organs, incl…”
Background
Predictive role of clinical features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 for severe disease.
Mo, J., Liu, J., Wu, S., Lü, A., Xiao, L., Chen, D., Zhou, Y., Liang, L., Liu, X., & Zhao, J. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2020.200384 · Cited by 14
Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients
Zheng, K., Xu, Y., Guo, Y., Diao, L., Kong, X., Wan, X., Zhao, F., Ning, F., Wang, L., Qiao, F., et al. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103988 · Cited by 14
Coagulopathy as a Prodrome of Cytokine Storm in COVID-19-Infected Patients
Guo, H., Sheng, Y., Li, W., Li, F., Xie, Z., Li, J., Zhu, Y., Geng, J., Liu, G., Wang, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.572989 · Cited by 14
Perspectives on Targeting IL-6 as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for COVID-19
Khaedir, Y., & Kartika, R. (2021) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2020.0135 · Cited by 13
“Increased levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10, lymphopenia, and decreased interferon-g (IFN-g ) expression are associated with severe COVID-19 (Pedersen and Ho 2020).”
Tocilizumab: From Rheumatic Diseases to COVID-19
Raiteri, A., Piscaglia, F., Granito, A., & Tovoli, F. (2021) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612827666210311141512 · Cited by 14
El reto de COVID-19 respecto a la responsabilidad social de las escuelas de medicina: nuevas perspectivas profesionales y humanas
Abreu-Hernández, L. F., Valdez-García, J. E., Hernández, R. I. E., & Olivares, S. L. O. (2020) · Gaceta Médica de México · doi:10.24875/gmm.20000306 · Cited by 14
Pathophysiological and molecular considerations of viral and bacterial infections during maternal-fetal and –neonatal interactions of SARS-CoV-2, Zika, and Mycoplasma infectious diseases
Ferreira, G., Blasina, F., Rey, M. R., Anesetti, G., Sapiro, R., Chavarría, L., Cardozo, R., Rey, G., Sobrevía, L., & Nicolson, G. L. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166285 · Cited by 15
“development of ARDS, leading to the development of the most severe cases of COVID-19 disease during the first and third trimester, or immediately after delivery [149,150].”
Inhalation of nebulized omega-3 fatty acids mitigate LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in rats: Implications for treatment of COPD and COVID-19
Kocherlakota, C., Banda, N., Narala, A., Srinath, A., Kothapalli, K. S. D., & Brenna, J. T. (2022) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102426 · Cited by 16
“of COVID-19) [2], asthma [3,4], cystic fibrosis (CF) [5], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [6], interstitial lung disease (ILD) [7] or other lung disorders [8,9] are commonly accompanied by pulmonary inflammation.”
The relationship between human coronaviruses, asthma and allergy—An unresolved dilemma
Chałubiński, M., Gajewski, A., & Kowalski, M. L. (2020) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.13718 · Cited by 14
Current and New Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment and Its Effects on the Liver
Satsangi, S., Gupta, N. R., & Kodan, P. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00174 · Cited by 14
Liver disorders in COVID-19, nutritional approaches and the use of phytochemicals
Vargas-Mendoza, N., García‐Machorro, J., Ángeles-Valencia, M., Martínez‐Archundia, M., Madrigal‐Santillán, E., Morales‐González, Á., Anguiano‐Robledo, L., & Morales‐González, J. A. (2021) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5630 · Cited by 14
Role of Polypeptide Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19
Sen, A., Nigam, A., & Vachher, M. (2022) · International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s10989-022-10366-5 · Cited by 16
Cytokine Hemoadsorption as Rescue Therapy for Critically Ill Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia With Severe Respiratory Failure and Hypercytokinemia
Ruiz‐Rodríguez, J. C., Chiscano‐Camón, L., Ruiz‐Sanmartín, A., Palmada, C., Plata-Menchaca, E. P., Franco‐Jarava, C., Pérez-Carrasco, M., Hernández-González, M., & Ferrer, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.779038 · Cited by 14
Geographic components of SARS-CoV-2 expansion: a hypothesis
Joyce, K. E., Weaver, S. R., & Lucas, S. J. E. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00362.2020 · Cited by 13
Mono/polyclonal free light chains as challenging biomarkers for immunological abnormalities
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Decoding Inflammation: The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Critical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients
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Background
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Background
Combination therapy of Tocilizumab and steroid for management of COVID-19 associated cytokine release syndrome
Dravid, A. N., Kashiva, R., Khan, Z. A., Memon, D., Kodre, A., Potdar, P., Mane, M., Borse, R., Pawar, V., Patil, D. H., et al. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000026705 · Cited by 12
Use of Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19
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Authors: Pedersen, S. F., & Ho, Y.-C.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Ho, Ya-Chi
ORCID: Ho, Ya-Chi
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2020-04-13
Volume: 130
Issue: 5
Pages: 2202-2205
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
1558-8238
DOI: 10.1172/jci137647
PMC: PMC7190904
OpenAlex: W3014001472
Cited by: 1,137
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 341 · 2020: 395
FWCI: 33.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research
Yale University
Gilead Sciences
National Institutes of Health (AI150464, DA047037, UL1TR001863)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R61DA047037)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UM1AI126620, P50AI150464, R01AI047868, R01AI141009, R37AI147868)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, pandemic, Betacoronavirus, airborne transmission, fomite transmission, pre-symptomatic transmission, undetected infections, WHO pandemic declaration
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Age Factors, Humans, Lymphocytes, Pneumonia, Viral, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Severity of Illness Index, Cytokines, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Progression, Pandemics

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