Cited by 1,137SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesCOVID-19 epidemiological studies

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SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging

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Pedersen, Savannah F., Ho, Ya-Chi·2020·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci137647PMC PMC7190904

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Abstract

A rapidly expanding pandemicIn early December 2019, several local health facilities first reported pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China.This new coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported on December 1, 2020 and identified as a previously unknown betacoronavirus (1, 2).Since then, studies have increasingly demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted effectively among humans through aerosol or fomites (3-5).With transmission capabilities even before symptom onset (6, 7), this pandemic is rapidly evolving and expanding.As of April 2, 2020, a total of 962,977 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 49,180 deaths have been reported across 180 countries and regions.Recent models indicated that as much as 86% of all infections early in the spread were undocumented, suggesting the real number of infections is likely much greater (8).As a public health emergency of international concern, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.Public health authorities around the globe are now racing to contain the spread.

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“A recent study also supported the proposition that SARS-CoV-2 acts on lymphocytes and leads to a cytokine storm and a series of immune dysregulation events in the body [94,95,97].”
Result
Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm
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Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak
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“It is worth noticing that the pro-inflammatory cytokines are also closely tied to testosterone levels: as previously stated, hypogonadal patients have higher concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β as a result of impaired suppression.”
BackgroundInfluential
The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19
Perricone, C., Triggianese, P., Bartoloni, E., Cafaro, G., Bonifacio, A. F., Bursi, R., Perricone, R., & Gerli, R. (2020) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102468 · Cited by 158
“hamper the adaptative immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection [10,11].”
Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2: Nanoscale electrode-aptamer-SARS-CoV-2 imaging by photo-induced force microscopy
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Single-cell RNA sequencing of blood antigen-presenting cells in severe COVID-19 reveals multi-process defects in antiviral immunity
Saichi, M., Ladjemi, M. Z., Korniotis, S., Rousseau, C., Hamou, Z. A., Massenet-Regad, L., Amblard, E., Noël, F., Marie, Y., Bouteiller, D., et al. (2021) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-021-00681-2 · Cited by 159
Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?
Rahman, M. T., & Idid, S. Z. I. S. O. (2020) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9 · Cited by 157
Messenger RNA-based vaccines: Past, present, and future directions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
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Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 blood, lung, and airway
Daamen, A. R., Bachali, P., Owen, K. A., Kingsmore, K. M., Hubbard, E. L., Labonte, A. C., Robl, R. D., Shrotri, S., Grammer, A. C., & Lipsky, P. E. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86002-x · Cited by 151
Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology
Ribeiro, D. E., Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Glaser, T., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Andrejew, R., Dieckmann, L., Baranova, J., Lameu, C., Ratajczak, M. Z., & Ulrich, H. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00965-3 · Cited by 145
Evidence of Coronavirus (CoV) Pathogenesis and Emerging Pathogen SARS-CoV-2 in the Nervous System: A Review on Neurological Impairments and Manifestations
Jha, N. K., Ojha, S. K., Jha, S. K., Dureja, H., Singh, S. K., Shukla, S. D., Chellappan, D. K., Gupta, G., Bhardwaj, S., Kumar, N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-020-01767-6 · Cited by 154
COVID‐19 and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Two intersecting pandemics
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Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population
Panfili, F. M., Roversi, M., D’Argenio, P., Rossi, P., Cappa, M., & Fintini, D. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01327-0 · Cited by 140
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Asthma-associated risk for COVID-19 development
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Baig, A. M., & Sanders, E. C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26105 · Cited by 138
Human and novel coronavirus infections in children: a review
Rajapakse, N., & Dixit, D. (2020) · Paediatrics and International Child Health · doi:10.1080/20469047.2020.1781356 · Cited by 144
Sympathetic activation: a potential link between comorbidities and COVID‐19
Porzionato, A., Emmi, A., Barbon, S., Rafael Boscolo-berto, A., Stecco, C., Stocco, E., Macchi, V., & De, R. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15481 · Cited by 132
N-Acetylcysteine: A potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2
Poe, F. L., & Corn, J. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109862 · Cited by 130
Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe COVID-19: prospective analysis of 1,045 hospitalised cases in North-Eastern France, March 2020
Kaeuffer, C., Hyaric, C. L., Fabacher, T., Mootien, J., Dervieux, B., Ruch, Y., Hugerot, A., Zhu, Y.-J., Pointurier, V., Clère-Jehl, R., et al. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.48.2000895 · Cited by 130
Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with T-Cell-Based Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment
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“Sci. 2021, 22, 7652 11 of 14 MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MAS macrophage activation syndrome MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein MIP macrophage inflammatory protein 1α MSC mesenchymal stem cells NHL non-Hodgkin lymphoma NK natural killer PT prothrombin time PTT partial thromboplastin time SARS-CoV-2 severe a…”
Background
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“and is potentially fatal if untreated [57].”
BackgroundInfluential
Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections on Testis
Achua, J. K., Chu, K. Y., Ibrahim, E., Khodamoradi, K., Delma, K. S., Iakymenko, O. A., Kryvenko, O. N., Arora, H., & Ramasamy, R. (2020) · The World Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.5534/wjmh.200170 · Cited by 129
“Additionally, the association of increased cytokine levels seen in COVID-19 infection may be similar to the increased cytokine levels caused by mumps orchitis [24,25].”
Background
Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?
Botros, N., Iyer, P., & Ojcius, D. M. (2020) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.016 · Cited by 128
“A salient feature of COVID-19 is its ability to trigger an excessive immune reaction in the host, termed a ‘cytokine storm’, which causes extensive tissue damage, particularly in the connective tissue of the lungs [9].”
Intestinal Flora as a Potential Strategy to Fight SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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The role of Interleukin 6 inhibitors in therapy of severe COVID-19
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The potential of cannabidiol in the COVID‐19 pandemic
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SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and HIV-1 derived ssRNA sequences activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages through a non-classical pathway
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Headaches During COVID‐19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature
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“This last clinical picture presents between the 7th and 10th day after symptom onset (average of 8 days), and can require mechanical ventilation and ICU admission.(13,14) A secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) has been invoked as the cause of the COVID19 worsening between the 7th and the 10th day after…”
Background
COVID-19, Virology and Geroscience: A Perspective
Vellas, C., Delobel, P., Barreto, P. D. S., & Izopet, J. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1416-2 · Cited by 120
Neutrophilia and NETopathy as Key Pathologic Drivers of Progressive Lung Impairment in Patients With COVID-19
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“Over time, the accumulated cellular debris may precipitate inflammation and magnify the cytokine storm (Pedersen and Ho, 2020).”
Background
Cytokine release syndrome and cancer immunotherapies – historical challenges and promising futures
Shah, D., Soper, B. W., & Shopland, L. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190379 · Cited by 118
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19
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Background
Nrf2 Activator PB125® as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against COVID-19
McCord, J. M., Hybertson, B. M., Cota‐Gomez, A., Geraci, K. P., & Gao, B. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9060518 · Cited by 117
SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Protein Controls Natural Killer Cell Activation via the HLA-E/NKG2A Pathway
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Background
Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial
Ansarin, K., Tolouian, R., Ardalan, M., Taghizadieh, A., Varshochi, M., Teimouri, S., Vaezi, T., Valizadeh, H., Saleh, P., Safiri, S., et al. (2020) · Bioimpacts · doi:10.34172/bi.2020.27 · Cited by 115
Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2
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“And a portion of severe patients with COVID-19 had an elevated cytokine profile resembling cytokine storm in severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (32).”
Background
Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists
Konig, M. F., Powell, M. A., Staedtke, V., Bai, R.-Y., Thomas, D. L., Fischer, N. M., Huq, S., Khalafallah, A. M., Koenecke, A., Xiong, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci139642 · Cited by 132
Interleukin-1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19: Pathogenetic and therapeutic implications
Potere, N., Buono, M. G. D., Caricchio, R., Cremer, P. C., Vecchié, A., Porreca, E., Gasperina, D. D., Dentali, F., Abbate, A., & Bonaventura, A. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104299 · Cited by 114
Comparison of COVID-19 and common cold chemosensory dysfunction
Huart, C., Philpott, C. M., Konstantinidis, I., Altundağ, A., Whitcroft, K. L., Trecca, E. M. C., Cassano, M., Rombaux, P., & Hummel, T. R. (2020) · Rhinology Journal · doi:10.4193/rhin20.251 · Cited by 110
“As it appears that COVID-19 behaves differently compared to other respiratory viruses with proposed mechanisms including cytokine storms (2) and neurological tropism (3), we hypothesized that patterns of chemosensory dysfunction differ between these two groups.”
Background

Authors: Pedersen, S. F., & Ho, Y.-C.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Ho, Ya-Chi
ORCID: Ho, Ya-Chi
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2020-04-13
Volume: 130
Issue: 5
Pages: 2202-2205
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
1558-8238
DOI: 10.1172/jci137647
PMC: PMC7190904
OpenAlex: W3014001472
Cited by: 1,137
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 341 · 2020: 395
FWCI: 33.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research
Yale University
Gilead Sciences
National Institutes of Health (AI150464, DA047037, UL1TR001863)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R61DA047037)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UM1AI126620, P50AI150464, R01AI047868, R01AI141009, R37AI147868)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, pandemic, Betacoronavirus, airborne transmission, fomite transmission, pre-symptomatic transmission, undetected infections, WHO pandemic declaration
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Age Factors, Humans, Lymphocytes, Pneumonia, Viral, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Severity of Illness Index, Cytokines, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Progression, Pandemics

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SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging

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