Cited by 1,503Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersTryptophan and brain disorders

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Gut/brain axis and the microbiota

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Mayer, Emeran A., Tillisch, Kirsten, Gupta, Arpana·2015·Journal of Clinical Investigation

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Abstract

Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract. A series of provocative preclinical studies have suggested a prominent role for the gut microbiota in these gut-brain interactions. Based on studies using rodents raised in a germ-free environment, the gut microbiota appears to influence the development of emotional behavior, stress- and pain-modulation systems, and brain neurotransmitter systems. Additionally, microbiota perturbations by probiotics and antibiotics exert modulatory effects on some of these measures in adult animals. Current evidence suggests that multiple mechanisms, including endocrine and neurocrine pathways, may be involved in gut microbiota-to-brain signaling and that the brain can in turn alter microbial composition and behavior via the autonomic nervous system. Limited information is available on how these findings may translate to healthy humans or to disease states involving the brain or the gut/brain axis. Future research needs to focus on confirming that the rodent findings are translatable to human physiology and to diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, autism, anxiety, depression, and Parkinson's disease.

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Authors: Mayer, E. A., Tillisch, K., & Gupta, A.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (US)
Corresponding author: Mayer, Emeran A.
ORCID: Mayer, Emeran A.
Tillisch, Kirsten
Gupta, Arpana
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2015-02-17
Volume: 125
Issue: 3
Pages: 926-938
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci76304
PMC: PMC4362231
OpenAlex: W2001339909
Cited by: 1,503
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 144 · 2025: 143 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 169 · 2021: 165 · 2020: 160 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 122 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 41
FWCI: 10.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (DK 48351)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-48351, DK 64539, R01DK048351, P50DK064539)
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (AT007137, R01AT007137)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: gut-brain axis, gut microbiota, enteric nervous system, emotional behavior, stress response, pain modulation, neurotransmitter systems, probiotics, antibiotics, hormone signaling, autonomic nervous system, irritable bowel syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, Parkinson's disease
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Brain, Cell Membrane Permeability, Diet, Emotions, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Intestinal Mucosa, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota

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