The Impact of Microbiota on Brain and Behavior: Mechanisms & Therapeutic Potential
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that host-microbe interactions play a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Alterations in gut microbial composition is associated with marked changes in behaviors relevant to mood, pain and cognition, establishing the critical importance of the bi-directional pathway of communication between the microbiota and the brain in health and disease. Dysfunction of the microbiome-brain-gut axis has been implicated in stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Bacterial colonization of the gut is central to postnatal development and maturation of key systems that have the capacity to influence central nervous system (CNS) programming and signaling, including the immune and endocrine systems. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that enteric microbiota plays a role in early programming and later response to acute and chronic stress. This view is supported by studies in germ-free mice and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotics. Although communication between gut microbiota and the CNS are not fully elucidated, neural, hormonal, immune and metabolic pathways have been suggested. Thus, the concept of a microbiome-brain-gut axis is emerging, suggesting microbiota-modulating strategies may be a tractable therapeutic approach for developing novel treatments for CNS disorders.
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Animal studies suggest that the GM plays a crucial role in regulating early brain development.
“Animal studies suggest that the GM plays a crucial role in regulating early brain development (19, 45, 60, 114–117).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [115]
Gut-brain interactions might be essentially influenced by the gut microbiota.
“It has been also lately recognized that the gut-brain interactions might be essentially influenced by the gut microbiota (Borre et al., 2014;Grenham et al., 2011;Rhee et al., 2009).”
From The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities for Food-Based Therapies (2017) · cites this paper as Borre et al., 2014
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Pain Perception in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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The microbiome-gut-brain axis in health and disease
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Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Parkinson’s Disease
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The microbiome: a key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation
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Self-citationHuang, R., Wang, K., & Hu, J. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8080483 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Feeding the microbiota–gut–brain axis: Diet, microbiome, and neuropsychiatry
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Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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The vagus nerve in appetite regulation, mood, and intestinal inflammation
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“It has been also lately recognized that the gut-brain interactions might be essentially influenced by the gut microbiota (Borre et al., 2014; Grenham et al., 2011; Rhee et al., 2009).”
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- Authors
- Borre, Y. E., Moloney, R. D., Clarke, G., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Cryan, John F.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer New York
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 817
- Pages
- 373-403
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W171134882
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 38.44
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, depression, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental disorders, stress response, germ-free mice, probiotics, antibiotics, neuroimmune signaling, hormone signaling, central nervous system disorders, microbiota-based therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Behavior, Brain, Brain Diseases, Cognition, Humans, Intestines, Tryptophan, Signal Transduction, Probiotics, Microbiota
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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