Microbiota maintain colonic homeostasis by activating TLR2/MyD88/PI3K signaling in IL-10–producing regulatory B cells
Open accessAbstract
Resident microbiota activate regulatory cells that modulate intestinal inflammation and promote and maintain intestinal homeostasis. IL-10 is a key mediator of immune regulatory function. Our studies described the functional importance and mechanisms by which gut microbiota and specific microbial components influenced the development of intestinal IL-10-producing B cells. We used fecal transplant to germ-free (GF) Il10+/EGFP reporter and Il10-/- mice to demonstrate that microbiota from specific pathogen-free mice primarily stimulated IL-10-producing colon-specific B cells and T regulatory-1 cells in ex-GF mice. IL-10 in turn down-regulated microbiota-activated mucosal inflammatory cytokines. TLR2/9 ligands and enteric bacterial lysates preferentially induced IL-10 production and regulatory capacity of intestinal B cells. Analysis of Il10+/EGFP mice crossed with additional gene-deficient strains and B cell co-transfer studies demonstrated that microbiota-induced IL-10-producing intestinal B cells ameliorated chronic T cell-mediated colitis in a TLR2, MyD88 and PI3K-dependent fashion. In vitro studies implicated PI3Kp110δ and AKT downstream signaling. These studies demonstrated that resident enteric bacteria activated intestinal IL-10-producing B cells through TLR2, MyD88 and PI3K pathways. These B cells reduced colonic T cell activation and maintained mucosal homeostasis in response to intestinal microbiota.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The gut microbiota also activated intestinal cells that produce IL-10 in MyD88/TLR2/PI3K-dependent pathways to maintain mucosal homeostasis.
“The gut microbiota also activated intestinal cells that produce IL-10 in MyD88/TLR2/ PI3K-dependent pathways to maintain mucosal homeostasis.123”
From The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options (2021) · cites this paper as [123]
Resident microbiota stimulated the regulatory capacity of B cells to reduce colonic T cell activation, maintaining mucosal homeostasis.
“Moreover, it was shown that resident microbiota also stimulated the regulatory capacity of B cells to reduce colonic T cell activation, maintaining mucosal homeostasis [48].”
From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells
Furusawa, Y., Obata, Y., Fukuda, S., Endo, T. A., Nakato, G., Takahashi, D., Nakanishi, Y., Uetake, C., Kato, K., Kato, T., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12721 · Cited by 5,549 · see citing works
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554 · see citing works
The Treatment-Naive Microbiome in New-Onset Crohn’s Disease
Gevers, D., Kugathasan, S., Denson, L. A., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., Van Treuren, W., Ren, B., Schwager, E., Knights, D., Song, S. J., Yassour, M., et al. (2014) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.005 · Cited by 3,220 · see citing works
The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells
Saraiva, M., & O’Garra, A. (2010) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2711 · Cited by 3,185 · see citing works
Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota
Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Oshima, K., Suda, W., Nagano, Y., Nishikawa, H., Fukuda, S., Saito, T., Narushima, S., Hase, K., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12331 · Cited by 2,872 · see citing works
The Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Status and the Future Ahead
Kostic, A. D., Xavier, R. J., & Gevers, D. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.009 · Cited by 1,789 · see citing works
The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota
Round, J. L., Lee, S. M., Li, J., Tran, G., Jabri, B., Chatila, T. A., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206095 · Cited by 1,604 · see citing works
IL-23 is essential for T cell–mediated colitis and promotes inflammation via IL-17 and IL-6
Yen, D., Cheung, J., Scheerens, H., Poulet, F. M., McClanahan, T. K., McKenzie, B. S., Kleinschek, M. A., Owyang, A. M., Mattson, J. D., Blumenschein, W. M., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21404 · Cited by 1,532 · see citing works
Treatment of Murine Colitis by <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Secreting Interleukin-10
Steidler, L., Hans, W., Schotte, L., Neirynck, S., Obermeier, F., Falk, W., Fiers, W., & Remaut, E. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5483.1352 · Cited by 1,513 · see citing works
Sellon, R. K., Tonkonogy, S., Schultz, M., Dieleman, L. A., Grenther, W., Balish, E., Rennick, D. M., & Sartor, R. B. (1998) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.66.11.5224-5231.1998 · Cited by 1,483 · see citing works
Self-citationInflammatory Bowel Disease and Mutations Affecting the Interleukin-10 Receptor
Glocker, E., Kotlarz, D., Boztuǧ, K., Gertz, E. M., Schäffer, A. A., Noyan, F., Perro, M., Diestelhorst, J., Saborowski, A. L., Murugan, D., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0907206 · Cited by 1,452 · see citing works
Berg, D., Davidson, N. M., Kühn, R., Müller, W., Menon, S., Holland, G., Thompson-Snipes, L., Leach, M. W., & Rennick, D. M. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118861 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Mizoguchi, A., Mizoguchi, E., Takedatsu, H., Blumberg, R. S., & Bhan, A. K. (2002) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00274-1 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Sabat, R., Grütz, G., Warszawska, K., Kirsch, S., Witte, E., Wolk, K., & Geginat, J. (2010) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.002 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Rath, H. C., Herfarth, H. H., Ikeda, J. S., Grenther, W. B., Hamm, T. E., Balish, E., Taurog, J. D., Hammer, R. E., Wilson, K. H., & Sartor, R. B. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118878 · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Self-citationSartor, R. B., & Wu, G. D. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.012 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Self-citationthe IBSEN study group, Franke, A., Balschun, T. C., Karlsen, T. H., Skiecevičienė, J., Nikolaus, S., Gabriele Mayr, B., Domingues, F. S., Albrecht, M., Nothnagel, M., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.221 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Shouval, D. S., Biswas, A., Goettel, J. A., McCann, K. J., Conaway, E. A., Redhu, N. S., Mascanfroni, I. D., Adham, Z. A., Lavoie, S., Ibourk, M., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.011 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Britton, G. J., Contijoch, E. J., Mogno, I., Vennaro, O. H., Llewellyn, S. R., Ng, R., Li, Z., Mortha, A., Merad, M., Das, A., et al. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.015 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
In vivo equilibrium of proinflammatory IL-17+ and regulatory IL-10+ Foxp3+ RORγt+ T cells
Lochner, M., Peduto, L., Cherrier, M., Sawa, S., Vives, F. L., Varona, R., Riethmacher, D., Si‐Tahar, M., Santo, J. P. D., & Eberl, G. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20080034 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Yanaba, K., Bouaziz, J.-D., Matsushita, T., Tsubata, T., & Tedder, T. F. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900270 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Regulatory B cells are induced by gut microbiota–driven interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 production
Rosser, E. C., Oļeiņika, K., Tonon, S., Doyle, R., Bosma, A., Carter, N. A., Harris, K., Jones, S. A., Klein, N. J., & Mauri, C. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3680 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Yang, B.-H., Hagemann, S., Mamareli, P., Lauer, U., Hoffmann, U., Beckstette, M., Föhse, L., Prinz, I., Pezoldt, J., Suerbaum, S., et al. (2015) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2015.74 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Kim, S. C., Tonkonogy, S. L., Albright, C. A., Tsang, J., Balish, E., Braun, J., Huycke, M. M., & Sartor, R. B. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.009 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationProbiotic Bifidobacterium breve Induces IL-10-Producing Tr1 Cells in the Colon
Jeon, S. G., Kayama, H., Ueda, Y., Takahashi, T., Asahara, T., Tsuji, H., Tsuji, N. M., Kiyono, H., Ma, J. S., Kusu, T., et al. (2012) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002714 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Hegazy, A. N., West, N. R., Stubbington, M. J. T., Wendt, E., Suijker, K. I. M., Datsi, A., This, S., Danne, C., Campion, S., Duncan, S. H., et al. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.047 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Roers, A., Siewe, L., Strittmatter, E., Deckert, M., Schlüter, D., Stenzel, W., Gruber, A. D., Krieg, T. M., Rajewsky, K., & Müller, W. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20041789 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Nonredundant Roles for B Cell-Derived IL-10 in Immune Counter-Regulation
Madan, R., Demircik, F., Surianarayanan, S., Allen, J. L., Divanovic, S., Trompette, A., Yogev, N., Gu, Y., Khodoun, M. V., Hildeman, D. A., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900185 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citationInflammasome-independent role of AIM2 in suppressing colon tumorigenesis via DNA-PK and Akt
Wilson, J. E., Petrucelli, A., Chen, L., Koblansky, A. A., Truax, A. D., Oyama, Y., Rogers, A. B., Brickey, W. J., Wang, Y., Schneider, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3908 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationMohamadzadeh, M., Pfeiler, E. A., Brown, J. B., Zadeh, M., Gramarossa, M., Managlia, E. Z., Bere, P., Sarraj, B., Khan, M. W., Pakanati, K. C., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1005066107 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The expanding family of regulatory B cells
Mauri, C., & Menon, M. (2015) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxv038 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis after rituximab salvage therapy
Goetz, M., Atreya, R. N., Ghalibafian, M., Galle, P. R., & Neurath, M. F. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20215 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Martin, M., Schifferle, R. E., Cuesta, N., Vogel, S. N., Katz, J., & Michalek, S. M. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.717 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Regulatory T cells and inflammatory bowel disease
Groux, H., & Powrie, F. M. (1999) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01510-8 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Fagundes, C. T., Amaral, F. A., Vieira, A. T., Soares, A. C., Pinho, V., Nicoli, J. R., Vieira, L. Q., Teixeira, M. M., & Souza, D. G. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1101682 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Bacterial-Reactive T Regulatory Cells Inhibit Pathogenic Immune Responses to the Enteric Flora
Cong, Y., Weaver, C. T., Lazenby, A. J., & Elson, C. O. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.11.6112 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Ulcerative colitis following B lymphocyte depletion with rituximab in a patient with Graves’ disease
Fassi, D. E., Nielsen, C. H., Kjeldsen, J., Clemmensen, O. J., & Hegedűs, L. D. (2008) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2007.138305 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Germ-Free IQI/Jic Mice.
Kitajima, S., MORIMOTO, M., Sagara, E., SHIMIZU, C., & IKEDA, Y. (2001) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim.50.387 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Liu, B., Gulati, A., Cantillana, V., Henry, S. C., Schmidt, E. A., Daniell, X. G., Grossniklaus, E. J., Schoenborn, A. A., Sartor, R. B., & Taylor, G. A. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00071.2013 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationSayi, A., Kohler, E., Toller, I., Flavell, R., Müller, W., Roers, A., & Müller, A. (2011) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002269 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Maseda, D., Candando, K. M., Smith, S. H., Kalampokis, I., Weaver, C. T., Plevy, S. E., Poe, J. C., & Tedder, T. F. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300649 · Cited by 144 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with the lack of differences in the number or function of IL-10–producing peritoneal regulatory B cells in GF versus SPF mice (28).”
ResultMolecular and functional heterogeneity of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells
Brockmann, L., Soukou, S., Steglich, B., Czarnewski, P., Zhao, L., Wende, S., Bedke, T., Ergen, C., Manthey, C., Agalioti, T., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07581-4 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Eun, C. S., Mishima, Y., Wohlgemuth, S., Liu, B., Bower, M., Carroll, I. M., & Sartor, R. B. (2014) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01513-13 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationKirkland, D., Benson, A., Mirpuri, J., Pifer, R., Hou, B., DeFranco, A. L., & Yarovinsky, F. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.11.019 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Liu, B., Tonkonogy, S. L., & Sartor, R. B. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.053 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationHerfarth, H. H., Mohanty, S. P., Rath, H. C., Tonkonogy, S. L., & Sartor, R. B. (1996) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.39.6.836 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationShen, Y., Kawamura, I., Nomura, T., Tsuchiya, K., Hara, H., Dewamitta, S. R., Sakai, S., Qu, H., Daim, S. J., Yamamoto, T., et al. (2010) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01138-09 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Harris, K. G., & Chang, E. B. (2018) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20171110 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Innate PI3K p110δ Regulates Th1/Th17 Development and Microbiota-Dependent Colitis
Steinbach, E. C., Kobayashi, T., Russo, S. M., Sheikh, S. Z., Gipson, G. R., Kennedy, S. T., Uno, J. K., Mishima, Y., Borst, L. B., Liu, B., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301533 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationInterleukin 10 (IL‐10) gene variants and susceptibility for paediatric onset Crohn’s disease
Amre, D. K., Mack, D. R., MORGAN, K., Israel, D. M., Lambrette, P., Costea, I., Krupoves, A., Feguery, H. H., DONG, J., Grimard, G., et al. (2009) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03953.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mishima, Y., Liu, B., Hansen, J. J., & Sartor, R. B. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.01.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationMishima, Y., Ishihara, S., Aziz, M., Oka, A., Kusunoki, R., Otani, A., Tada, Y., Li, Y.-Y., Moriyama, I., Oshima, N., et al. (2010) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03318.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationToll-like receptor 2 induces mucosal homing receptor expression and IgA production by human B cells
Liang, Y., Hastürk, H., Elliot, J., Noronha, A. M., Liu, X., Wetzler, L. M., Massari, P., Kantarcı, A., Winter, H. S., & Farraye, F. A. (2010) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2010.09.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Muris, A., Damoiseaux, J. G. M. C., Smolders, J., Tervaert, J. W. C., Hupperts, R., & Thewissen, M. M. (2012) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2012.04.011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sydora, B. C., MacFarlane, S. M., Lupicki, M., Dmytrash, A. L., Dieleman, L. A., & Fedorak, R. N. (2010) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04140.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wu, C., Sartor, R. B., Huang, K., & Tonkonogy, S. L. (2016) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12612 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gut Microbiota as a Trigger for Metabolic Inflammation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Scheithauer, T. P. M., Rampanelli, E., Nieuwdorp, M., Vallance, B. A., Verchere, C. B., van Raalte, D. H., & Herrema, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.571731 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Federici, S., Kredo-Russo, S., Valdés-Mas, R., Kviatcovsky, D., Weinstock, E., Matiuhin, Y., Silberberg, Y., Atarashi, K., Furuichi, M., Oka, A., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.003 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Self-citationIntestinal flora and disease mutually shape the regional immune system in the intestinal tract
Zhou, B., Yuan, Y., Zhang, S., Guo, C., Li, X., Li, G., Xiong, W., & Zeng, Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00575 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options
Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Ray Chaudhuri, K., Reynolds, R., Tan, E.-K., & Pettersson, S. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab156 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Relationships Between Vitamin D, Gut Microbiome, and Systemic Autoimmunity
Yamamoto, E. A., & Jørgensen, T. N. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.03141 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Livshits, G., & Kalinkovich, A. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100980 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
van der Lelie, D., Oka, A., Taghavi, S., Umeno, J., Fan, T.-J., Merrell, K. E., Watson, S. D., Ouellette, L., Liu, B., Awoniyi, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23460-x · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationMichaud, D., Steward, C. R., Mirlekar, B., & Pylayeva-Gupta, Y. (2020) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12939 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Microbial-Based and Microbial-Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Oka, A., & Sartor, R. B. (2020) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06090-z · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationCritical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy
Li, Z., Xiong, W., Zhu, L. W., Wang, J., Zeng, Z., Kołat, D., Li, X., Zhou, D., Xu, X., & Zhao, L.-Y. (2024) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-024-01541-w · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Microbiota-Centered Interventions: The Next Breakthrough in Immuno-Oncology?
Derosa, L., Routy, B., Desilets, A., Daillère, R., Terrisse, S., Kroemer, G., & Zitvogel, L. (2021) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0236 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Gheorghe, C. E., Ritz, N. L., Martin, J. A., Wardill, H. R., Cryan, J. F., & Clarke, G. A. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1941711 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Abraham, C., Abreu, M. T., & Turner, J. R. (2022) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.288 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Symbionts exploit complex signaling to educate the immune system
Erturk-Hasdemir, D., Oh, S. F., Okan, N. A., Stefanetti, G., Gazzaniga, F. S., Seeberger, P. H., Plevy, S. E., & Kasper, D. L. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1915978116 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor
Liu, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, S., & Dong, L. (2021) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-021-01983-x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Montrose, D. C., Nishiguchi, R., Basu, S., Staab, H. A., Zhou, X. K., Wang, H., Meng, L., Johncilla, M. E., Cubillos‐Ruiz, J. R., Morales, D. K., et al. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.09.008 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationFornelos, N., Franzosa, E. A., Bishai, J. D., Annand, J. W., Oka, A., Lloyd‐Price, J., Arthur, T. D., Garner, A., Ávila-Pacheco, J., Haiser, H. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0655-7 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationConvergent inducers and effectors of T cell paralysis in the tumour microenvironment
Hanahan, D., Michielin, O. A., & Pittet, M. J. (2024) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-024-00761-z · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Characterization of extracellular vesicles from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Kurata, A., Kiyohara, S., Imai, T., Yamasaki-Yashiki, S., Zaima, N., Moriyama, T., Kishimoto, N., & Uegaki, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17629-7 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases
Kamel, M. S., Aleya, S., Alsubih, M., & Aleya, L. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14020217 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Regulatory B cells in infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity
Dasgupta, S., Dasgupta, S., & Bandyopadhyay, M. (2020) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104076 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. D., Aljamaei, H. M., & Stadnyk, A. W. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Mishima, Y., & Sartor, R. (2019) · Journal of gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-019-01618-1 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms of Microbiota-Mediated Pathology in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Mishima, Y., & Ishihara, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228664 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Y., Liu, G., & Fang, J. Q. (2023) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109505 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Allergy: Mechanistic Insights into New Methods of Prevention and Therapy
Akdis, C., Akdiş, M., Boyd, S., Sampath, V., Galli, S., & Nadeau, K. (2023) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.add2563 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Martin‐Gallausiaux, C., Malabirade, A., Habier, J., & Wilmes, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.583644 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Tesei, D., Jewczynko, A., Lynch, A., & Urbaniak, C. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12040495 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics
Juarez, V. M., Montalbine, A. N., & Singh, A. K. (2022) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Oami, T., Abtahi, S., Shimazui, T., Chen, C., Sweat, Y. Y., Liang, Z., Burd, E. M., Farris, A. B., Roland, J. T., Tsukita, S., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2217877121 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Zhu, R., Lang, T., Yan, W., Zhu, X. G., Huang, X. Y., Yin, Q., & Li, Y. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202003542 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pang, B., Han, J., Liao, N., Li, J., Jiang, C., Shao, D., & Shi, J. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d0fo03479g · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ding, T., Su, R. J., Wu, R., Xue, H., Wang, Y., Su, R., Gao, C., Li, X., & Wang, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.641013 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Human gut microbiota stimulate defined innate immune responses that vary from phylum to strain
Spindler, M. P., Siu, S., Mogno, I., Li, Z., Yang, C., Mehandru, S., Britton, G. J., & Faith, J. J. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.009 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Biology and dynamics of B cells in the context of IgE‐mediated food allergy
Satitsuksanoa, P., Daanje, M., Akdiş, M., Boyd, S. D., & van de Veen, W. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14684 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Sapra, L., Saini, C., Mishra, P. K., Garg, B., Gupta, S., Manhas, V., & Srivastava, R. K. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2492378 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effect of gut flora mediated‐bile acid metabolism on intestinal immune microenvironment
Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Gao, S., Liu, Y., Wang, W., Feng, Y., Pei, L., Sun, Z., Liu, L., & Wang, C. (2023) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13672 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Understanding the interactions between inorganic-based nanomaterials and biological membranes
Kang, Y., Liu, J., Jiang, Y., Yin, S., Huang, Z.-D., Zhang, Y., Wu, J., Chen, L., & Shao, L. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.030 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial sensing in the intestine
Wan, T., Wang, Y., He, K., & Zhu, S. (2023) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1093/procel/pwad028 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Microbiota in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Chen, Z., Guan, D., Wang, Z., Li, X., Dong, S., Huang, J., & Zhou, W. (2023) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.417 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ma, S., Satitsuksanoa, P., Jansen, K., Cevhertas, L., van de Veen, W., & Akdiş, M. (2020) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12937 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Maerz, J. K., Trostel, C., Lange, A., Parusel, R., Michaelis, L., Schäfer, A., Yao, H., Löw, H.-C., & Frick, J.-S. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.03093 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mu, Q., Edwards, M. R., Swartwout, B. K., Cabana-Puig, X., Mao, J., Zhu, J., Grieco, J., Cecere, T. E., Prakash, M., Reilly, C. M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.593353 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A fishy gut feeling – current knowledge on gut microbiota in teleosts
Tolås, I., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Z., Teame, T., Olsen, R. E., Ringø, E., & Rønnestad, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1495373 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Probiotics for inflammatory bowel disease: Is there sufficient evidence?
Ma, Y., Yang, D., Huang, J., Liu, K., Liu, H., Wu, H., & Bao, C. (2024) · Open Life Sciences · doi:10.1515/biol-2022-0821 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Chen, F., Yin, Y., Zhao, H., Wang, H.-Y., Zhong, Y., Long, J., & Liu, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00801 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
You, Y., Xiang, T., Yang, C. H., Xiao, S., Tang, Y., Luo, G., Ling, Z., Luo, F., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2545417 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rousta, E., Oka, A., Liu, B., Herzog, J., Bhatt, A. P., Wang, J., Najafi, M. B. H., & Sartor, R. B. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103565 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationB Cells and Microbiota in Autoimmunity
Botía-Sánchez, M., Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E., & Galicia, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094846 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pither, M. D., Illiano, A., Pagliuca, C., Jacobson, A. N., Mantova, G., Stornaiuolo, A., Colicchio, R., Vitiello, M., Pinto, G., Silipo, A., et al. (2022) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120040 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Giardia hinders growth by disrupting nutrient metabolism independent of inflammatory enteropathy
Giallourou, N., Arnold, J. W., McQuade, E. T. R., Awoniyi, M., Becket, R. V. T., Walsh, K., Herzog, J., Gulati, A., Carroll, I. M., Montgomery, S. A., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38363-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, L., Wu, P., Guo, A., Yang, Y., Chen, F., & Zhang, Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1206346 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Winiarska‐Mieczan, A., Tomaszewska, E., Donaldson, J., & Jachimowicz-Rogowska, K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14122498 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Rogala, A. R., Oka, A., & Sartor, R. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00214 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationGut microbiota shape B cell in health and disease settings
Yu, B., Wang, L., & Chu, Y. (2021) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.1mr0321-660r · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Underappreciated Role of Secretory IgA in IBD
Bamias, G., Kitsou, K., & Rivera–Nieves, J. (2023) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izad024 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Li, D., Pan, Y., Xia, X., Liang, J., Liu, F., Dou, H., & Hou, Y. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173421 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ning, K., Shi, C., Chi, Y.-Y., Zhou, Y.-F., Zheng, W., Duan, Y., Tong, W., Xie, Q., & Xiang, H. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128375 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
B lymphocytes, the gastrointestinal tract and autoimmunity
Zouali, M. (2021) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102777 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Huang, J., Wu, T., Zhong, Y.-B., Huang, J.-Q., Kang, Z., Zhou, B., Zhao, H.-M., & Liu, D.-Y. (2022) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7656 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ishikawa, D., Zhang, X., Nomura, K., Shibuya, T., Hojo, M., Yamashita, M., Koizumi, S., Yamazaki, F., Iwamoto, S., Saito, M., et al. (2024) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izae080 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Immunomodulation in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer
Plundrich, D., Chikhladze, S., Fichtner‐Feigl, S., Feuerstein, R., & Briquez, P. S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23052782 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Tan, D., Yin, W. H., Guan, F., Zeng, W., Lee, P. P. W., Candotti, F., James, L. K., Câmara, N. O. S., Haeryfar, S. M. M., Chen, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.991840 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Heo, G., Lee, Y., & Im, E. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13040734 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Immunoregulation by antibody secreting cells in inflammation, infection, and cancer
McGettigan, S. E., & Debes, G. F. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12991 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Li, L., Li, C., Cao, H., Chen, Y., Zhou, W. Z., Yang, G., & Yang, H. (2022) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110362 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Xiao, G., Cheng, P., Zeng, J., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28196811 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Golonka, R., & Vijay-Kumar, M. (2021) · Advances in Cancer Research · doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2020.10.004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Smart bionanomaterials for treatment and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease
Stojanov, S., & Berlec, A. (2024) · Nanotechnology Reviews · doi:10.1515/ntrev-2024-0057 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
IgA natural antibodies are produced following T-cell independent B-cell activation following stroke
Zbesko, J. C., Frye, J. B., Becktel, D. A., Gerardo, D. K., Stokes, J., Calderon, K., Nguyen, T. V., Bhattacharya, D., & Doyle, K. P. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.014 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zogorean, R., & Wirtz, S. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260266 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Interleukin 10: the critical role of a pleiotropic cytokine in food allergy
Nedelkopoulou, N., Dhawan, A. K., Xinias, I., Gidaris, D., & Farmaki, E. (2020) · Allergologia et Immunopathologia · doi:10.1016/j.aller.2019.10.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
B cell-mediated regulatory mechanisms control tumor-promoting intestinal inflammation
Melcher, C., Yu, J., Duong, V. H. H., Westphal, K., Farimany, N. H. S., Shaverskyi, A., Zhao, B., Strowig, T., Glage, S., Brand, K., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111051 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Deng, F., Hu, J., Xiao, Y., Wang, Y., Lin, Z., Sun, Q., & Liu, K. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.014 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sun, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Qiao, D., & Dai, Y.-C. (2020) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i48.7593 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Boonyaleka, K., Okano, T., Iida, T., Leewananthawet, A., Sasai, M., Yamamoto, M., Ashida, H., & Suzuki, T. (2023) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202350455 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
B cells and the microbiota: a missing connection in food allergy
Campbell, E., Hesser, L. A., & Nagler‐Anderson, C. (2020) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-020-00350-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Oka, A., Mishima, Y., Liu, B., Herzog, J., Steinbach, E. C., Kobayashi, T., Plevy, S. E., & Sartor, R. B. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8101121 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationSkin-Homing Regulatory B Cells Required for Suppression of Cutaneous Inflammation
Aira, L. E., & Debes, G. F. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Luu, M., Krause, F. F., Monning, H., Wempe, A., Leister, H., Mainieri, L., Staudt, S., Ziegler-Martin, K., Mangold, K., Kappelhoff, N., et al. (2024) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.09.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Gut microbiota-mediated pain sensitization: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Zhao, M., Zhang, L., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1626515 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Xie, M., Zhu, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, Q., Gu, E., Chu, Y., & Wang, L. (2023) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-023-01366-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
FasL regulatory B-cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease
Loxton, A. G., & van Rensburg, I. C. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166984 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Wang, T., Wang, B., Gao, H., He, C., Shang, H., Lü, X., Wang, Y., & Xu, J. (2022) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/s12950-022-00311-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kurata, A., Yamasaki-Yashiki, S., Imai, T., Miyazaki, A., Watanabe, K., & Uegaki, K. (2022) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/bbb/zbac172 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cao, H., Hua, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Liu, N., Feng, Z., Li, H., Zhao, B., Zhang, L., Guo, Y., et al. (2022) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109490 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Xiang, W.-W., Xie, C., & Guan, Y. (2021) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577520 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Li, C.-X., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Zhang, S., Li, J., Zhou, T., Duan, J., & Guo, J. (2023) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x23500696 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Expanding Human Breg for Cellular Therapy in Transplantation: Time for Translation
Mcnee, A., Kannan, A., Jull, P., & Shankar, S. (2024) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000005243 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Oral Treatment With Ileal Spores Triggers Immunometabolic Shifts in Chicken Gut
Redweik, G. A. J., Kogut, M. H., Arsenault, R. J., & Mellata, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00629 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Colonizing Microbes, IL-10 and IL-22: Keeping the Peace at the Mucosal Surface
Kidess, E., Kleerebezem, M., & Brugman, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.729053 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Yang, G., Tang, C., Li, X., Lu, L., Long, K., Sun, J., Ding, Y., Li, X., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1398631 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The influence of the gut microbiota on B cells in autoimmune diseases
He, L., Li, X., Jiang, S., Ou, Y., Wang, S., Shi, N., Yang, Z., Yuan, J., Silverman, G. J., & Niu, H. (2025) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-025-01195-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Intratumor microbiota: Occult participants in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma
Zhu, G., Jin, L., Shen, W., Zhao, M., & Liu, N. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188959 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tian, Y.-Q., Zhang, S., Zhang, K., Cao, D., Zheng, Y., Liu, P., Zhou, H., Wu, Y., Xu, Q., Liu, X., et al. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/6010858 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Webster, S. E., Vos, D. G., Rothstein, T. L., & Holodick, N. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiomes · doi:10.3389/frmbi.2022.994464 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zhao, L., Wei, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, W., Xie, M., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Gao, H., & Jiang, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1626941 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
An in vitro intestinal model captures immunomodulatory properties of the microbiota in inflammation
Lock, J. Y., Caboni, M., Strandwitz, P., Morrissette, M., DiBona, K. C., Joughin, B. A., Lewis, K., & Carrier, R. L. (2022) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2039002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Micó-Carnero, M., Casillas-Ramírez, A., Caballeria-Casals, A., Rojano-Alfonso, C., Sánchez-González, A., & Peralta, C. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082554 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Inborn errors of immunity and related microbiome
Hazime, R., Eddehbi, F.-E., Elmojadili, S., Lakhouaja, N., Souli, I., Salami, A., M’raouni, B., Brahim, I., Oujidi, M., Guennouni, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.982772 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mishima, Y., Oka, A., Liu, B., Herzog, J. W., Eun, C. S., Fan, T.-J., Bulik-Sullivan, E., Carroll, I. M., Hansen, J. J., Chen, L., Wilson, J. E., Fisher, N. C., Ting, J. P. Y., Nochi, T., Wahl, A., Garcia, J. V., Karp, C. L., & Sartor, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sartor, R. Balfour
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2019-08-05
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3702-3716
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-8238
- PMC
- PMC6715367
- OpenAlex
- W2950835870
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 8.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation (Microbiome Initiative (RBS),Gnotobiotic Facility (RBS), Research Fellowship Award (YM,AO))
- the American Cancer Society (PF-13-401-01-TBE.)
- NIH (P01 DK094779,R01 DK53347,P40 OD010995,P30 DK34987 (RBS),R01 CA156330 (JPYT), R01 AI123010 (AW),R01 AI111899,Al140799,MH108179 (JVG))
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, intestinal homeostasis, IL-10-producing B cells, regulatory B cells, TLR2, MyD88, PI3K signaling, Akt, T cell-mediated colitis, mucosal inflammation, bacterial extracts, fecal microbiota transplantation, germ-free mice
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Animals, Colitis, Germ-Free Life, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Intestines, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Down-Regulation, Cytokines, Interleukin-10, Mice, Knockout, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Mice, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
