The DOI matches its Crossref record; 132 of the 132 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding ENSO Diversity
Open accessAbstract
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO’s impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., et al. (1996) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:tnyrp>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 28,360
Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V., Rowell, D. P., Kent, E. C., & Kaplan, A. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd002670 · Cited by 10,991
Global and Regional Scale Precipitation Patterns Associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
Ropelewski, C. F., & Halpert, M. S. (1987) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1606:garspp>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 3,674
The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project
Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Matsui, N., Allan, R. J., Yin, X., Gleason, B. E., Vose, R. S., Rutledge, G., Bessemoulin, P., et al. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.776 · Cited by 3,518
El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection
Ashok, K., Behera, S. K., Rao, S. A., Weng, H., & Yamagata, T. (2007) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/2006jc003798 · Cited by 2,721
Rasmusson, E. M., & Carpenter, T. H. (1982) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0354:vitsst>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 2,646
Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming.
Cai, W., Borlace, S., Lengaigne, M., van Rensch, P., Collins, M., Vecchi, G., Timmermann, A., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M. J., Wu, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2100 · Cited by 2,198
Self-citationENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science
McPhaden, M. J., Zebiak, S. E., & Glantz, M. H. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132588 · Cited by 2,110
A Reanalysis of Ocean Climate Using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)
Carton, J. A., & Giese, B. S. (2008) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/2007mwr1978.1 · Cited by 1,818
Self-citationTrenberth, K. E., Branstator, G. W., Karoly, D., Kumar, A., Lau, N., & Ropelewski, C. (1998) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/97jc01444 · Cited by 1,754
Cited by
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Revisited
Newman, M., Alexander, M. A., Ault, T. R., Cobb, K. M., Deser, C., Di Lorenzo, E., Mantua, N. J., Miller, A. J., Minobe, S., Nakamura, H., et al. (2016) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-15-0508.1 · Cited by 1,318
Self-citationEl Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity
Timmermann, A., An, S.-I., Kug, J.-S., Jin, F.-F., Cai, W., Capotondi, A., Cobb, K. M., Lengaigne, M., McPhaden, M. J., Stuecker, M. F., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6 · Cited by 1,204
Self-citationCai, W., Santoso, A., Wang, G., Yeh, S.-W., An, S.-I., Cobb, K. M., Collins, M., Guilyardi, E., Jin, F.-F., Kug, J.-S., et al. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2743 · Cited by 891
Self-citationClimate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America
Cai, W., McPhaden, M. J., Grimm, A. M., Rodrigues, R. R., Taschetto, A. S., Garreaud, R. D., Dewitte, B., Poveda, G., Ham, Y.-G., Santoso, A., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3 · Cited by 782
Self-citationChanging El Niño–Southern Oscillation in a warming climate
Cai, W., Santoso, A., Collins, M., Dewitte, B., Karamperidou, C., Kug, J.-S., Lengaigne, M., McPhaden, M. J., Stuecker, M. F., Taschetto, A. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z · Cited by 702
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Capotondi, A., Wittenberg, A. T., Newman, M., Di Lorenzo, E., Yu, J.-Y., Braconnot, P., Cole, J., Dewitte, B., Giese, B., Guilyardi, E., Jin, F.-F., Karnauskas, K., Kirtman, B., Lee, T., Schneider, N., Xue, Y., & Yeh, S.-W.
- Venue
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2015-06-01
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 921-938
- ISSN
- 0003-0007 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0477
- OpenAlex
- W2018977279
- Cited by
- 1,073
- References
- 132
- FWCI
- 42.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Understanding ENSO Diversity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1175/bams-d-13-00117.1
- The paper
- Capotondi, A., Wittenberg, A. T., Newman, M., Di Lorenzo, E., Yu, J.-Y., Braconnot, P., Cole, J., Dewitte, B., Giese, B., Guilyardi, E., Jin, F.-F., Karnauskas, K., Kirtman, B., Lee, T., Schneider, N., Xue, Y., & Yeh, S.-W. (2015). Understanding ENSO Diversity. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00117.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.