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Religious belief, depression, and ambulation status in elderly women with broken hips
Abstract
The authors studied the relationship between religious belief and psychiatric and medical status in 30 elderly women recovering from the surgical repair of broken hips. Religious belief was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and better ambulation status.
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“Of the 20 methodologically most rigorous studies, 12 (60%) found an association between R/S and lower risk or better outcomes [469–480], and none reported worse risk or outcomes.”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [476]
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Self-citationReligiosity and Mental Health: A Meta–Analysis of Recent Studies
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“Studies of heart surgery patients (Ai et al. 1998), hospitalized elderly (Koenig, George, and Peterson 1998), older women with hip fractures (Pressman et al. 1990), men with severe disabilities (Idler and Kasl 1992), recent widowers (Siegel and Kuykendall 1990), kidney transplant patients (Tix and…”
BackgroundReligious coping and depression among elderly, hospitalized medically ill men
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.12.1693 · Cited by 544
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Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review
Bonelli, R. M., & Koenig, H. G. (2013) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9691-4 · Cited by 516
“…Disorder (Cruz et al. 2010; Mitchell and Romans 2003) group and 19 in the F32 Depressive Episode or F33 Recurrent Depressive Disorder categories (Pressman et al. 1990; Koenig et al. 1992, 1998; Braam et al. 2001; King et al. 2007; Braam et al. 1997, 1999; Cruz et al. 2009; Koenig 2007; Koenig…”
BackgroundInfluentialReligion, Spirituality, and Health in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Patients
Koenig, H. G., George, L. K., & Titus, P. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52161.x · Cited by 435
An emerging paradigm for the investigation of spirituality in nursing
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Religiosity Buffers Effects of Some Stressors on Depression but Exacerbates Others
Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., Cohen, R. D., Roberts, R. E., & Kaplan, G. A. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/53b.3.s118 · Cited by 333
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Csako, G., McGriff, N. J., Rotman-Pikielny, P., Sarlis, N. J., & Pucino, F. (2001) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1a031 · Cited by 40
Self-citationFry, P. S. (2000) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/713649965 · Cited by 304
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“Our theoretical framework for the longitudinal analyses in this article draws on the classical insights of Durkheim (1897 [1951]), Weber (1922 [1964]), and James (1901-2 [1978]) and recent empirical work (Dwyer, Clarke, and Miller, 1990; Idler and Kasl, 1992; Koenig et al., 1992; Pressman et al., 1990) to argue that t…”
BackgroundMethodReligion and depression: a review of the literature
McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (1999) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905299320565997 · Cited by 302
Self-citationKoenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., George, L. K., Blazer, D. G., Larson, D. B., & Landerman, L. R. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 279
Self-citationMoadel, A. B., Morgan, C., Fatone, A., Grennan, J., Carter, J., LaRuffa, G. M., Skummy, A., & Dutcher, J. P. (1999) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1611(199909/10)8:5 · Cited by 413
Quality of life and breast cancer: Relationship to psychosocial variables
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Self-citationKoenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J., George, L. K., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., & Blazer, D. G. (1997) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/40nf-q9y2-0gg7-4wh6 · Cited by 251
Self-citationEpidemiology of Geriatric Affective Disorders
Koenig, H. G., & Blazer, D. G. (1992) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30476-2 · Cited by 244
The role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes: A longitudinal study.
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Larson, D. B., & Larson, S. S. (2003) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164710303100104 · Cited by 241
Self-citationWhen is Faith Enough? The Effects of Religious Involvement on Depression
Schnittker, J. (2001) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/0021-8294.00065 · Cited by 241
The impact of religious practice and religious coping on geriatric depression
Bosworth, H. B., Park, K., McQuoid, D. R., Hays, J. C., & Steffens, D. C. (2003) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.945 · Cited by 208
“Second, previous studies have included small sample sizes that limit conclusions (Pressman et al., 1990; Bienenfeld et al., 1997; Koenig et al., 1998a; Bush et al., 1999).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialReligiousness and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents
Pearce, M., Little, T. D., & Pérez, J. E. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3202_12 · Cited by 200
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Religious Participation, Interleukin-6, and Mortality in Older Adults.
Lutgendorf, S. K., Russell, D., Ullrich, P., Harris, T. B., & Wallace, R. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.465 · Cited by 184
An 83-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Illness and Strong Religious Beliefs
Koenig, H. G. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.4.487 · Cited by 182
Spirituality and attempted suicide among American Indians
Garroutte, E. M., Goldberg, J. H., Beals, J., Herrell, R. K., & Manson, S. M. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00157-0 · Cited by 176
Ai, A. L., Dunkle, R. E., Peterson, C., & Boiling, S. F. (1998) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/38.5.591 · Cited by 177
Religion and Remission of Depression in Medical Inpatients With Heart Failure/Pulmonary Disease
Koenig, H. G. (2007) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31802f58e3 · Cited by 168
“, 1991), especially among older adults (Braam et al., 2004; Kennedy et al., 1996; Pressman et al., 1990).”
BackgroundRELIGION AND HEALTH: A REVIEW AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Lee, B. Y., & Newberg, A. B. (2005) · Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2005.00674.x · Cited by 165
Spirituality, Religion, and Pediatrics: Intersecting Worlds of Healing
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“(3) and Idler and Kasl (12), suggest that subjective religiosity is a stress buffer for depression among elderly people with poor physical health.”
BackgroundMethods of Religious Coping with the Gulf War: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses
Pargäment, K. I., Ishler, K. J., Dubow, E. F., Stanik, P., Rouiller, R., Crowe, P., Cullman, E. P., Albert, M., & Royster, B. J. T. (1994) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1386494 · Cited by 152
Religion and coping with health-related stress
Siegel, K., Anderman, S. J., & Schrimshaw, E. W. (2001) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440108405864 · Cited by 163
“, 1992; Koenig, Pargament and Nielsen, 1998; Koenig, Kvale and Ferrel, 1988) and others (e.g., Ai et al., 1988; Pressman et al., 1990; Strawbridge et al., 1998) has employed medically ill elderly samples.”
BackgroundInfluentialFry, P. S. (2001) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/41.1.69 · Cited by 148
King, M., Speck, P. W., & THOMAS, A. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701004160 · Cited by 147
“Usually only the presence or absence of religious practice is considered (Sherrill & Larson, 1988; Pressman et al. 1990).”
BackgroundPsychiatric illness in hip fracture
Holmes, J. D. (2000) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/29.6.537 · Cited by 146
Religion and Functional Health Among the Elderly
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Religiosity and mental health in southern, community-dwelling older adults
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“Older adults who become more disabled and unable to go to church are more likely to engage in nonorganized religious activity and may experience a deepening of their internalized belief to cope with increasing stress and disability (Koenig, 2002; Pressman et al., 1990).”
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The Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs: development and standardization
King, M., Speck, P. W., & Thomas, A. J. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033109 · Cited by 126
Religious Coping and Cognitive Symptoms of Depression in Elderly Medical Patients
Koenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J., Blazer, D. G., Kudler, H. S., Krishnan, K. R. R., & Sibert, T. E. (1995) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(95)71646-2 · Cited by 125
Spiritual beliefs in bipolar affective disorder: their relevance for illness management
Mitchell, L., & Romans, S. E. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00055-1 · Cited by 125
Nelson, C., Jacobson, C. M., Weinberger, M. I., Bhaskaran, V., Rosenfeld, B., Breitbart, W., & Roth, A. J. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9139-y · Cited by 118
“Studies that have used multi-question measures of religiosity have found stronger relationships in univariate analyses [23, 24].”
BackgroundReligion, Spirituality, and Acute Care Hospitalization and Long-term Care Use by Older Patients
Koenig, H. G., George, L. K., Titus, P., & Meador, K. G. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.14.1579 · Cited by 115
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Calvani, R., Panza, F., Allegri, R. F., Picca, A., Marzetti, E., & Alves, V. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.877213 · Cited by 112
“(135) USA Hospitalized older adults 31 65+ Religiosity Index of Religiousness Depressive Symptoms 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale”
BackgroundReligious involvement and depression in older Dutch citizens
Braam, A. W., Beekman, A. T. F., van Tilburg, T. G., Deeg, D. J. H., & van Tilburg, W. (1997) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00789041 · Cited by 111
“van Tilburg Department of Psychiatry and Department of Sociology and Social Gerontology, Vrije Universiteit, Valeriusplein 7-9, 1075 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands religiousness and depression, especially in North America (Bergin 1983; Larson et al. 1986; Kroll and Sheehan 1989; Pressman et al. 1990; Koenig et al. 1992…”
BackgroundThe effect of spiritual beliefs on outcome from illness
King, M., Speck, P. W., & Thomas, A. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00452-3 · Cited by 109
“Usually only the presence or absence of religious practice is considered (Sherrill and Larson, 1988; Pressman et al., 1990) and most work has concentrated on hospice patients (Reed, 1987; Kirschling and Pittman, 1989).”
BackgroundReligion as Moderator of the Depression-Health Connection
Wink, P. M., Dillon, M., & Larsen, B. A. (2005) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027504270483 · Cited by 109
Religious Faith after Psychotic Illness
Kirov, G., Kemp, R., Kirov, K. G., & David, A. S. (1998) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000029045 · Cited by 108
Benjamins, M. R., Musick, M. A., Gold, D. T., & George, L. K. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/58.6.s377 · Cited by 106
Religious Activity Improves Life Satisfaction for Some Physicians and Older Patients
Ayele, H., Mulligan, T., Gheorghiu, S., & Ortíz, C. (1999) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07238.x · Cited by 99
Religiosity, depression and pain in patients with breast cancer
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Weaver, A. J., Koenig, H. G., & Larson, D. B. (1997) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1997.tb00228.x · Cited by 98
Self-citationThe Spiritual Needs and Resources of Hospitalized Primary Care Patients
Ellis, M. R., Thomlinson, P., Gemmill, C., & Harris, W. (2012) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-012-9575-z · Cited by 96
“Their use of religious coping increased as they perceived their illness to be more severe—a finding similar to those in previous studies (Koenig et al. 1997b; O’Brien 1982; Oxyman et al. 1995; Pargament et al. 1990; Pressman et al. 1990).”
ResultStudies of the inner life: The impact of spirituality on quality of life
Baker, D. C. (2003) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023573421158 · Cited by 96
Religious Coping in the Nursing Home: A Biopsychosocial Model
Koenig, H., Weiner, D., Peterson, B., Meador, K., & Keefe, F. (1997) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/m2d6-5ydg-m1dd-a958 · Cited by 106
Spirituality in Disability and Illness
Kaye, J., & Raghavan, S. K. (2002) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1023/a:1020284819593 · Cited by 95
“Additionally, attendance at church activities decreased alienation (O’Brien, 1982) and spirituality had an inverse relationship to loneliness and depression (Pressman et al., 1990; Miller, 1985; Tanzey, 1991).”
BackgroundThe influence of religiosity on health
Alves, R. R. N., Alves, H. D. N., Barboza, R. R. D., & Souto, W. M. S. (2010) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/s1413-81232010000400024 · Cited by 95
God Control: The Fourth Dimension
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Religious Beliefs and Practices in Family Medicine
Oyama, O. N. (1998) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.7.5.431 · Cited by 89
Religion, Senescence, and Mental Health: The End of Life Is Not the End of Hope
Ness, P. H. V., & Larson, D. B. (2002) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200207000-00005 · Cited by 85
Self-citationSpiritual and religious beliefs in acute illness—Is this a feasible area for study?
King, M., Speck, P. W., & Thomas, A. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90260-7 · Cited by 85
Post-traumatic growth and spirituality in burn recovery
Askay, S. W., & Magyar‐Russell, G. (2009) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540260903344107 · Cited by 82
Religion and older men in prison
Koenig, H. G. (1995) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930100308 · Cited by 110
“As noted earlier, religious beliefs and coping behaviours have been shown to buffer against depression and anxiety among older adults in other institutional settings (Pressman et al., 1990; Koenig et al., 1992).”
Kim, N., Huh, H.-J., & Chae, J. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.04.009 · Cited by 83
“These studies have mostly identified an inverse association between religiosity and depression [6,15-19].”
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Religious Commitment and Health Status
MATTHEWS, D. A. (1999) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.8.6.476-a · Cited by 78
Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? A critical literature review
Dein, S. L., & Stygall, J. (1997) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/026921639701100405 · Cited by 78
Neeleman, J., & Lewis, G. (1994) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076409404000204 · Cited by 78
Integration of Religion Into Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Geriatric Anxiety and Depression
Paukert, A. L., Phillips, L. L., Cully, J. A., LoboPrabhu, S., Lomax, J. W., & Stanley, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000348363.88676.4d · Cited by 80
Psychosocial factors associated with fall-related hip fractures
Peel, N. M., McClure, R., & Hendrikz, J. K. (2007) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afl167 · Cited by 77
“Spiritual beliefs have been linked with lower levels of depression and better ambulatory status in hip fracture patients [28].”
BackgroundKoenig, H. G. (1993) · Reviews in Clinical Gerontology · doi:10.1017/s0959259800003415 · Cited by 77
Krentzman, A. R., Farkas, K. J., & Townsend, A. L. (2010) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347321003648661 · Cited by 77
Beliefs about Life-After-Death, Psychiatric Symptomology and Cognitive Theories of Psychopathology
Flannelly, K. J., Ellison, C. G., Galek, K., & Koenig, H. G. (2008) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164710803600202 · Cited by 78
Berman, E., Merz, J. F., Rudnick, M. R., Snyder, R. W., Rogers, K. K., Lee, J., Johnson, D., Mosenkis, A., Israni, A. K., Wolpe, P. R., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.05.027 · Cited by 76
“h Religious involvement also is associated with mproved attendance at scheduled medical apointments,(36) greater cooperativeness,(2) better aderence,(2,37,38) and improved medical outomes.(39,40) A number of studies found that ersons who are more religious or spiritual have ower blood pressure,(41) fewer cardiac event…”
BackgroundO idoso e sua espiritualidade: impacto sobre diferentes aspectos do envelhecimento
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Bassi, R. M., Nasri, F., & Nacif, S. A. D. P. (2011) · Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia · doi:10.1590/s1809-98232011000100016 · Cited by 69
The Association Between Spirituality and Depression in an Urban Clinic
Doolittle, B. R. (2004) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.v06n0302 · Cited by 67
“1 ± 13 Gender Female 73 (60) Ethnicity Hispanic 59 (48) African American 27 (22) White 25 (20) Other 11 (9) Annual income ($) < 10,000 75 (61) 10,000–20,000 27 (22) 20,000–40,000 17 (14) 40,000–60,000 3 (2) Education No high school 10 (8) Some high school 30 (25) High school graduate 38 (31) Some college 35 (29) Colle…”
BackgroundRelationship of hardiness and religiousness to depression and anger.
Maddi, S. R., Brow, M., Khoshaba, D. M., & Vaitkus, M. A. (2006) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/1065-9293.58.3.148 · Cited by 67
“Scale (CESD), a 20-item questionnaire designed by Radloff (1977) to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population.”
MethodTian, C., Shi, L., Wang, J., Zhou, J., Rui, C., Yin, Y., Du, W., Chang, S., & Rui, Y. (2025) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2025.105832 · Cited by 79
Canada, A. L., Parker, P. A., de Moor, J. S., Basen‐Engquist, K., Ramondetta, L. M., & Cohen, L. G. (2005) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.09.045 · Cited by 71
“The vast majority of these studies demonstrate that R/S is associated with better physical/mental health outcomes [10], including the following: greater well-being [11]; lower levels of depression, anxiety, and pain [12–15]; briefer hospital stays and postsurgical recovery periods [16,17]; and lower mortality rates [1…”
BackgroundAndrew, J., Laura, W., Flannelly, K. J., Harold, K., & Larson, D. B. (1998) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/016128498249060 · Cited by 61
Self-citationReligion and the Survival of 1010 Hospitalized Veterans
Koenig, H. G., Larson, D. B., Hays, J. C., McCullough, M. E., George, L. K., Branch, P. S., Meader, K. G., & Kuchibhatla, M. N. (1998) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1023/a:1022904915837 · Cited by 63
Self-citationReligious Distress and Coping With Stressful Life Events: A Longitudinal Study
Harris, J. I., Erbes, C. R., Engdahl, B. E., Ogden, H. N., Olson, R. H. A., Winskowski, A. M., Campion, K., & Matas, S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21900 · Cited by 76
“Over time, those who are more religious experience less depression when factors such as illness severity and social support are controlled (Koenig et al., 1998; Pressman et al., 1990).”
BackgroundSpirituality, quality of life, and functional recovery after medical rehabilitation.
Kim, J., Heinemann, A. W., Bode, R. K., Sliwa, J. A., & King, R. B. (2000) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.45.4.365 · Cited by 59
Weaver, A. J., Koenig, H. G., & Ochberg, F. M. (1996) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf02104106 · Cited by 59
Metadata
- Authors
- Pressman, P., Lyons, J. S., Larson, D. B., & Strain, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1990-06-01
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 758-760
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W26178905
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh040790-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-40790)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hip and Femur Fractures
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- religious beliefs, depression, ambulatory status, older women, hip fracture, hip fracture surgery, depressive symptoms, functional recovery
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Depression, Female, Fracture Fixation, Hip Fractures, Humans, Locomotion, Postoperative Period, Religion and Medicine, Geriatric Assessment
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