Religious Participation, Interleukin-6, and Mortality in Older Adults.

Lutgendorf, Susan K.; Russell, Daniel; Ullrich, Philip; Harris, Tamara B.; Wallace, Robert

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.465

Cited by 184Religion, Spirituality, and PsychologyReligion and Society InteractionsHealth disparities and outcomes

Religious Participation, Interleukin-6, and Mortality in Older Adults.

Lutgendorf, Susan K., Russell, Daniel, Ullrich, Philip, Harris, Tamara B., Wallace, Robert·2004·Health Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.465

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study prospectively examined the relationship between religious attendance, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and mortality rates in a community-based sample of 557 older adults. Attending religious services more than once weekly was a significant predictor of lower subsequent 12-year mortality and elevated IL-6 levels (> 3.19 pg/mL), with a mortality ratio of.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15,0.72; p <.01) and an odds ratio for elevated IL-6 of.34 (95% CI = 0.16, 0.73, p <.01), compared with never attending religious services. Structural equation modeling indicated religious attendance was significantly related to lower mortality rates and IL-6 levels, and IL-6 levels mediated the prospective relationship between religious attendance and mortality. Results were independent of covariates including age, sex, health behaviors, chronic illness, social support, and depression. Findings are consistent with a role for IL-6 in processes mediating the relationship between religious attendance and mortality.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.465

Cites

92 of 92 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

More recent research supports a positive link between R/S and better cognitive function in both dementia and old age.
“More recent research supports a positive link between R/S and better cognitive function in both dementia and in old age [434, 435].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [435]
Considering the 63 methodologically most rigorous studies (quality ratings of 8 or higher), 47 (75%) found R/S predicting greater longevity (two at trend level).
“Considering the 63 methodologically most rigorous studies (quality ratings of 8 or higher), 47 (75%) found R/S predicting greater longevity (two at trend level) [548–566], whereas three (5%) reported shorter longevity [567–569].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [548]

Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
Applied logistic regression
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305 · see citing works
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701 · see citing works
Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810 · see citing works
Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422 · Cited by 11,335 · see citing works
The social readjustment rating scale
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4 · Cited by 11,174 · see citing works
A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83 · Cited by 9,406 · see citing works
Applied Logistic Regression.
Kupper, L. L., Hosmer, D. W., & Lemeshow, S. A. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290035 · Cited by 7,690 · see citing works
Social Relationships and Health
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3399889 · Cited by 7,073 · see citing works
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Schafer, J. L. (1997) · doi:10.1201/9781439821862 · Cited by 6,012 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Using the Norm program (Schafer, 1997), we derived five imputed data sets that were used in the subsequent analyses and then developed averaged values of parameter estimates and standard errors using previously described procedures (Schafer, 1997; Sinharay, Stern, & Russell, 2001).”
Method
C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women
Ridker, P. M., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., & Rifai, N. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200003233421202 · Cited by 5,850 · see citing works
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Booth, D. E., & Schafer, J. L. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271466 · Cited by 5,627 · see citing works
Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents
BERKMAN, L. F., & SYME, S. L. (1979) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112674 · Cited by 5,341 · see citing works
A Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire for the Assessment of Organic Brain Deficit in Elderly Patients†
Pfeiffer, E. A. (1975) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00927.x · Cited by 5,320 · see citing works
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173 · see citing works
Self-citation
Plasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and the Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction Among Apparently Healthy Men
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.15.1767 · Cited by 2,429 · see citing works
Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index
Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Cornoni‐Huntley, J. C. (1993) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/089826439300500202 · Cited by 2,292 · see citing works
Sociological Methodology 1982
Stansfield, R. G., & Leinhardt, S. (1983) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1057/jors.1983.42 · Cited by 1,918 · see citing works
Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly
Harris, T. B., Ferrucci, L., Tracy, R. P., Corti, M. C., Wacholder, S., Ettinger, W. H., Heimovitz, H., Cohen, H. J., & Wallace, R. (1999) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00066-2 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND ACTIVITIES WITH MORTALITY: PROSPECTIVE EVIDENCE FROM THE TECUMSEH COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY
HOUSE, J. S., ROBBINS, C., & METZNER, H. L. (1982) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113387 · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
Sociological methodology, 1981
T.D., W. (1982) · Social Science Information Studies · doi:10.1016/0143-6236(82)90022-9 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works
Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health.
Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.36 · Cited by 1,093 · see citing works
Religious involvement and mortality: A meta-analytic review.
McCullough, M. E., Hoyt, W. T., Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., & Thoresen, C. E. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.3.211 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
TARGET ARTICLE: Explaining the Relationships Between Religious Involvement and Health
George, L. K., Ellison, C. G., & Larson, D. B. (2002) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1303_04 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Religious Involvement, Social Ties, and Social Support in a Southeastern Community
Ellison, C. G., & George, L. K. (1994) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1386636 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Religious involvement and U.S. adult mortality
Hummer, R. A., Rogers, R. G., Nam, C. B., & Ellison, C. G. (1999) · Demography · doi:10.2307/2648114 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
INCREASED SERUM IL-6 AND IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST CONCENTRATIONS IN MAJOR DEPRESSION AND TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION
Maes, M., Bosmans, E., De Jongh, R., Kenis, G., Vandoolaeghe, E., & Neels, H. (1997) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.1997.0238 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Frequent attendance at religious services and mortality over 28 years.
Strawbridge, W. J., Cohen, R. D., Shema, S. J., & Kaplan, G. A. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.6.957 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Religious attendance increases survival by improving and maintaining good health behaviors, mental health, and social relationships
Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., Cohen, R. D., & Kaplan, G. A. (2001) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2301_10 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Religiosity/spirituality and health: A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways.
Seeman, T. E., Dubin, L. F., & Seeman, M. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.53 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
The use of multiple imputation for the analysis of missing data.
Sinharay, S., Stern, H. S., & Russell, D. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.4.317 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Self-citation
Individual social class, area-based deprivation, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and mortality: the Renfrew and Paisley Study.
Smith, G. D., Hart, C., Watt, G. C. M., Hole, D. J., & Hawthorne, V. M. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.399 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
SOCIAL TIES AND MORTALITY IN EVANS COUNTY, GEORGIA
SCHOENBACH, V. J., KAPLAN, B. H., FREDMAN, L., & KLEINBAUM, D. G. (1986) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114278 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Exposure to physical and psychological stressors elevates plasma interleukin 6: Relationship to the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Zhou, D., Kusnecov, A. W., Shurin, M. R., DePaoli, M., & Rabin, B. S. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.6.8243274 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Interleukin‐6: A Cytokine for Gerontolgists
Ershler, W. B. (1993) · Journal of The American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb02054.x · Cited by 480 · see citing works
The Association of Plasma IL-6 Levels With Functional Disability in Community-Dwelling Elderly
Cohen, H. J., Pieper, C. F., Harris, T., Rao, K. M. K., & Currie, M. S. (1997) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/52a.4.m201 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interrelationships Among Circulating Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women
Bermudez, E. A., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., & Ridker, P. M. (2002) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000029781.31325.66 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
The use of religion and other emotion-regulating coping strategies among older adults.
Koenig, H., George, L., & Siegler, I. C. (1988) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/28.3.303 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Interleukin-6-(IL-6) plasma levels in depression and schizophrenia: comparison between the acute state and after remission
Frommberger, U. H., Bauer, J., Haselbauer, P., Fräulin, A., Riemann, D., & Berger, M. (1997) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02900219 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Religion and mortality among the community-dwelling elderly.
Oman, D., & Reed, D. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.10.1469 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Does Religious Attendance Prolong Survival? A Six-Year Follow-Up Study of 3,968 Older Adults
Koenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., George, L. K., Cohen, H. J., McCullough, M. E., Meador, K. G., & Blazer, D. G. (1999) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/54.7.m370 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Religiosity Buffers Effects of Some Stressors on Depression but Exacerbates Others
Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., Cohen, R. D., Roberts, R. E., & Kaplan, G. A. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/53b.3.s118 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Chronic insomnia is associated with a shift of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor secretion from nighttime to daytime
Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, M., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Prolo, P., Lin, H.-M., Vela-Bueno, A., Kales, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.33357 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly: Study design and methodology
Cornoni‐Huntley, J. C., Ostfeld, A. M., Taylor, J. O., Wallace, R. B., Blazer, D. G., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., Kohout, J., Lemke, J. H., Scherr, P. A., et al. (1993) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324123 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citation
Religion and psychological distress in a community sample
Williams, D. R., Larson, D. B., Buckler, R., Heckmann, R. C., & Pyle, C. M. (1991) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90040-j · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Is frequent religious attendance really conducive to better health?: Toward an epidemiology of religion
Levin, J. S., & Vanderpool, H. Y. (1987) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(87)90063-3 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Interleukin‐6 Serum Levels in Depressed Patients before and after Treatment with Fluoxetine
Sluzewska, A., RYBAKOWSKI, J. K., Łaciak, M., Mackiewicz, A., Sobieska, M., & WIKTOROWICV, K. (1995) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32372.x · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Life stress, mood disturbance, and elevated interleukin-6 in healthy older women
Lutgendorf, S. K., Garand, L., Buckwalter, K. C., Reimer, T. T., Hong, S.-Y., & Lubaroff, D. M. (1999) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/54.9.m434 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-citation
PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY AMONG THE ELDERLY POOR
Zuckerman, D. M., Kasl, S. V., & Ostfeld, A. M. (1984) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113759 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Modeling the cross-sectional relationships between religion, physical health, social support, and depressive symptoms.
Koenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., George, L. K., Blazer, D. G., Larson, D. B., & Landerman, L. R. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Religion among Disabled and Nondisabled Persons I: Cross-sectional Patterns in Health Practices, Social Activities, and Well-being Ellen
Idler, E. L., & Kasl, S. V. (1997) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/52b.6.s294 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Religious belief, depression, and ambulation status in elderly women with broken hips
(1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.6.758 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Attendance at Religious Services, Interleukin-6, and other Biological Parameters of Immune Function in Older Adults
Koenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J., George, L. K., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., & Blazer, D. G. (1997) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/40nf-q9y2-0gg7-4wh6 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Exercise and Circadian Rhythm-Induced Variations in Plasma Cortisol Differentially Regulate Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) Production in Humans: High Sensitivity of TNFα and Resistance of IL-6
DeRijk, R. H., Michelson, D., Karp, B., Petrides, J. S., Galliven, E., Deuster, P., Paciotti, G. F., Gold, P. W., & Sternberg, E. M. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.7.4041 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Exercise and cytokines with particular focus on muscle-derived IL-6.
Pedersen, B. K., Steensberg, A., Fischer, C. P., Keller, C., Ostrowski, K., & Schjerling, P. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Spirituality and health: What’s the evidence and what’s needed?
Thoresen, C. E., & Harris, A. H. S. (2002) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2401_02 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Circadian Relationships between Interleukin (IL)-6 and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hormones: Failure of IL-6 to Cause Sustained Hypercortisolism in Patients with Early Untreated Rheumatoid Arthritis
Crofford, L. J. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.4.1279 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Science in Sports
Terauds, J. (1979) · Academic eBooks · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Exercise and interleukin-6
Pedersen, B. K., Steensberg, A., & Schjerling, P. (2001) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/00062752-200105000-00002 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Loneliness and nursing home admission among rural older adults.
Russell, D. W., Cutrona, C. E., de la Mora, A., & Wallace, R. B. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.12.4.574 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citation
Modeling the Cross-Sectional Relationships Between Religion, Physical Health, Social Support, and Depressive Symptoms
Koenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., George, L. K., Blazer, D. G., Larson, D. B., & Landerman, L. R. (1997) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-199721520-00006 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms and Other Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Stroke in the Elderly
Colantonio, A., Kasl, S. V., & Ostfeld, A. M. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/136.7.884 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Technical Aspects of Muthén's Liscomp Approach to Estimation of Latent Variable Relations with a Comprehensive Measurement Model
Muthén, B., & Satorra, A. (1995) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294325 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF SAMPLE HANDLING ON THE STABILITY OF INTERLEUKIN 6, TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR-α AND LEPTIN
Flower, L., Ahuja, R. H., Humphries, S. E., & Mohamed‐Ali, V. (2000) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.2000.0764 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
A Cognitive Model of Religion's Influence On Health
Dull, V. T., & Skokan, L. A. (1995) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01323.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Loneliness and nursing home admission among rural older adults.
Russell, D. W., Cutrona, C. E., de la Mora, A., & Wallace, R. B. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.574 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citation
Depression among the Rural Elderly A Study of Prevalence and Correlates
O'Hara, M. W., Kohout, F. J., & Wallace, R. B. (1985) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198510000-00002 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citation
The impact of religion on men's blood pressure
Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., Kaplan, B. H., Greenberg, R. S., Logue, E., & Tyroler, H. A. (1989) · Journal of Religion & Health · doi:10.1007/bf00986065 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
New insights into the cellular, biochemical, and molecular basis of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis: Roles of IL-6 and gp130
Manolagas, S. C., Bellido, T., & Jilka, R. L. (1995) · International Journal of Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0192-0561(94)00089-7 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
C-Reactive Protein, Diabetes, and Attendance at Religious Services
King, D. E., Mainous, A. G., & Pearson, W. S. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.7.1172 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Effects of interleukin-6 on in vitro cell attachment, migration and invasion of human ovarian carcinoma.
Obata, N. H., Tamakoshi, K., Shibata, K., Kikkawa, F., & Tomoda, Y. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Disability in the Oldest Old: Methodologic Issues and Preliminary Findings
Cornoni‐Huntley, J. C., Foley, D. J., White, L. R., Suzman, R., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1985) · The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly Health and Society · doi:10.2307/3349884 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sense of coherence moderates the relationship between life stress and natural killer cell activity in healthy older adults.
Lutgendorf, S. K., VITALIANO, P. P., Tripp‐Reimer, T., Harvey, J. H., & Lubaroff, D. M. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.14.4.552 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
The sense of coherence scale in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Callahan, L. F., & Pincus, T. (1995) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1790080108 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Frequency of church attendance and blood pressure elevation
Graham, T. W., Kaplan, B. H., Cornoni-Huntley, J. C., James, S. A., Becker, C., Hames, C. G., & Heyden, S. (1978) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00846585 · Cited by 92 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Individuals with frequent attendance at religious services have also shown lower blood pressure (Graham et al., 1978; Larson et al., 1989), lower rates of stroke (Colantonio, Kals, & Ostfield, 1992), and better physical functioning (Idler & Kasl, 1997) than those whose attendance was more infrequent.”
Background
National Death Index
Kreger, A. (1979) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Exercise and Circadian Rhythm-Induced Variations in Plasma Cortisol Differentially Regulate Interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), IL-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor- (TNF ) Production in Humans: High Sensitivity of TNF and Resistance of IL-6
DeRijk, R. H. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.7.2182 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Sense of coherence moderates the relationship between life stress and natural killer cell activity in healthy older adults.
Lutgendorf, S. K., VITALIANO, P. P., Tripp‐Reimer, T., et al. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.14.4.552 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citation
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Natural Cytotoxicity: Effects of Cortisol on the Phenotype and Function of a Cloned Human Natural Killer Cell Line
Zhou, J., Olsen, S., Moldovan, J. B., Fu, X., Sarkar, F. H., Moudgil, V. K., & Callewaert, D. M. (1997) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1006/cimm.1997.1138 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation of the Elderly Relationship to Depression and Self-Esteem
Nelson, P. B. (1990) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19900201-09 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Comparison of long-term outcome after acute myocardial infarction in patients never graduated from high school with that in more educated patients
Tofler, G. H., Muller, J. E., Stone, P. H., Davies, G., Davis, V. G., & D, E. B. M. (1993) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(93)90568-w · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Age-related changes in the associations of social network ties with mortality risk.
Tucker, J. S., Schwartz, J. E., Clark, K. M., & Friedman, H. S. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.14.4.564 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cytokines in Aging and Muscle Homeostasis
Holloszy, J. O., & Cannon, J. G. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.120 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cohesiveness and Coherence: Religion and the Health of the Elderly
Hays, J. C., & Idler, E. L. (1995) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1386775 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effects of the level of dietary fat intake and endurance exercise on plasma cytokines in runners
Venkatraman, J. T., & Pendergast, D. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199808000-00003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Interactions between Cytokines and the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis during Stress
Arimura, A., Takaki, A., & Komaki, G. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19829.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lay theories of psychotherapy and perceptions of therapists: A replication and extension of furnham and wardley
Wong, J. L. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199407)50:4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Cohesiveness and Coherence: Religion and the Health of the Elderly.
Bourg, C. J., & Idler, E. L. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2077510 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Appendix
RUSSELL, I., STEWART, G., BAMFORTH, C., & RUSSELL, I. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012669202-0/50028-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Introduction
Russell, A. (1998) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-14629-1_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Music in the Pupils' Learning Process
Berkman, T. L. (1977) · Soviet Education · doi:10.2753/res1060-9393190406216 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The TAPS project 40: quality of care provisions for the elderly mentally ill?traditional vs alternative facilities
Wills, W., Trieman, N., & Leff, J. (1998) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199804)13:4

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 93 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis.
Howren, M. B., Lamkin, D. M., & Suls, J. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181907c1b · Cited by 2,766 · see citing works
Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications
Koenig, H. G. (2012) · ISRN Psychiatry · doi:10.5402/2012/278730 · Cited by 2,423 · see citing works
“%) reported signiﬁcant positive associations [437–443] or increased immune functions in response to a R/S intervention [444–447].”
Background
Handbook of Religion and Health
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.001.0001 · Cited by 1,150 · see citing works
Religiosity/Spirituality and Mortality
Chida, Y., Steptoe, A., & Powell, L. H. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000190791 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The association between loneliness, social isolation and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Smith, K. J., Gavey, S., Riddell, N. E., Kontari, P., & Victor, C. R. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.002 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence
Lucchetti, G., Koenig, H. G., & Lucchetti, A. L. G. (2021) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Patterns of receptive and creative cultural activities and their association with perceived health, anxiety, depression and satisfaction with life among adults: the HUNT study, Norway
Cuypers, K. F., Krokstad, S., Holmen, T. L., Knudtsen, M. S., Bygren, L. O., & Holmen, J. (2011) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2010.113571 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Maintaining Health and Well-Being by Putting Faith into Action During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Koenig, H. G. (2020) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-020-01035-2 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Religious involvement and health outcomes among older persons in Taiwan
Yeager, D. M., Glei, D. A., Au, M., Lin, H.-S., Sloan, R. P., & Weinstein, M. (2006) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.05.007 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Frequency of Attendance at Religious Services and Mortality in a U.S. National Cohort
Gillum, R. F., King, D. E., Obisesan, T. O., & Koenig, H. G. (2008) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.015 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“01 between measures 6 years apart (19).”
Result
Psychoneuroimmunology and health psychology: An integrative model
Lutgendorf, S. K., & Costanzo, E. S. (2003) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/s0889-1591(03)00033-3 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of Spirituality/Religiosity on Mortality: Comparison With Other Health Interventions
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Koenig, H. G. (2011) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2011.04.005 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing hormone and the blood-brain-barrier
Theoharis, C. (2006) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/2174 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Plasma interleukin-6 and soluble IL-6 receptors are associated with psychological well-being in aging women.
Friedman, E. M., Hayney, M., Love, G. D., Singer, B. H., & Ryff, C. D. (2007) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.3.305 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“…of in vitro IL-6 production in parents of children with cancer (Miller, Cohen, & Ritchey, 2002), although plasma levels of IL-6 in a study of older adults were unrelated to participation in social clubs, size of social network, perceived social support, and loneliness (Lutgendorf et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluential
Leisure participation predicts survival: a population-based study in Finland
Hyyppä, M. T., Mäki, J., Impivaara, O., & Aromaa, A. J. (2005) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dai027 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“…Håheim, 1998), in terms of attendance at (some) cultural events (Bygren et al., 1996; Konlaan et al., 2002), in terms of engagement in social and productive activities (Glass et al., 1999; Sundquist et al., 2004), or in terms of religious participation (Lutgendorf et al., 2004), predicts survival.”
BackgroundInfluential
Interleukin-6 levels in relation to psychosocial factors: Studies on serum, saliva, and in vitro production by blood mononuclear cells
Sjögren, E., Leanderson, P., Kristenson, M., & Ernerudh, J. (2005) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2005.08.001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Religiosity/Spirituality and Physiological Markers of Health
Shattuck, E. C., & Muehlenbein, M. P. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0663-6 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Measurement of cytokines in sweat patches and plasma in healthy women: Validation in a controlled study
Marques-Deak, A., Cizza, G., Eskandari, F., Torvik, S., Christie, I. C., Sternberg, E. M., & Phillips, T. M. (2006) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2006.07.011 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Religious Service Attendance and Allostatic Load Among High-Functioning Elderly
Maselko, J., Kubzansky, L., Kawachi, I., Seeman, T., & Berkman, L. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31806c7c57 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“In one study, evidence showed that lower IL-6 levels mediated the protective relationship between religious service attendance and lower mortality rates (13).”
Background
Dimensions of religious involvement and leukocyte telomere length
Hill, T. D., Ellison, C. G., Burdette, A. M., Taylor, J., & Friedman, K. L. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.032 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“If religiosity promotes healthy cellular aging, what are the downstream mechanisms? Prime candidates for future mediation analyses include indicators of immune function like c-reactive protein and interleukin 6 (Ferraro and Kim, 2014; Gillum et al., 2008; Lutgendorf et al., 2004) and other measures of mental health li…”
Background
Can Faith Protect From Emotional Distress After Stroke?
Giaquinto, S., Spiridigliozzi, C., & Caracciolo, B. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000257996.26950.59 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The distinct roles of spirituality and religiosity in physical and mental health after collective trauma: a national longitudinal study of responses to the 9/11 attacks
McIntosh, D. N., Poulin, M. J., Silver, R. C., & Holman, E. A. (2011) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9331-y · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“This is consistent with work showing that religion predicts immune system functioning beyond social support (Lutgendorf et al. 2004), and that an intrinsic religious orientation is correlated with fewer reported illnesses (McIntosh and Spilka 1990).”
BackgroundResult
O impacto da espiritualidade na saúde física
Guimarães, H. P., & Avezum, Á. (2007) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0101-60832007000700012 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Religious Participation and Mortality Risk Among the Oldest Old in China
Zhang, W. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/63.5.s293 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
A path model of the effects of spirituality on depressive symptoms and 24-hurinary-free cortisol in HIV-positive persons
Carrico, A. W., Ironson, G., Antoni, M. H., Lechner, S. C., Durán, R. E., Kumar, M., & Schneiderman, N. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.005 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“, lower levels of interleukin-6) may mediate this relationship [9].”
Background
Religiosity, Sense of Meaning, and Health Behavior in Older Adults
Homan, K. J., & Boyatzis, C. J. (2010) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508619.2010.481225 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“A wide range of positive health outcomes have been linked to religious involvement, including lower rates of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, certain types of cancer ( Miller & Thoresen, 2003 ), healthier immune systems ( Lutgendorf, Russell, Ullrich, Harris, & Wallace, 2004 ), shorter hospital stays ( Koenig & L…”
Background
Individual-level measures of social capital as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective study of men and women in Finland
Hyyppä, M. T., Mäki, J., Impivaara, O., & Aromaa, A. J. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9153-y · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Attending religious services also proved to be a significant predictor of lower 12-year mortality in older adults [22].”
Background
Trajectories of Social Engagement and Mortality in Late Life
Thomas, P. A. (2012) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264311432310 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Spiritual Absence and 1-Year Mortality after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Pereira, D. B., Christian, L. M., Patidar, S., Bishop, M. M., Dodd, S. M., Athanason, R., Wingard, J. R., & Reddy, V. S. (2010) · Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.03.003 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“In several largescale studies, less frequent religious attendance [20,21] and participation [22] were associated with greater odds/hazards ratios of mortality, and these relationships were at least partially explained by poorer health status [20], less social integration [20], engagement in unhealthy behaviors [20,21]…”
Background
Religion, spirituality and cardiovascular disease: research, clinical implications, and opportunities in Brazil
Lucchese, F. A., & Koenig, H. G. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.5935/1678-9741.20130015 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“In several of these studies, all cause mortality was the primary focus (not CVD), but when investigators examined the disease in which the inverse relationship between R/S and mortality was strongest, it was CVD [243,244].”
Religiosity and Health: A Holistic Biopsychosocial Perspective
Page, R. L., Peltzer, J. N., Burdette, A. M., & Hill, T. D. (2020) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/0898010118783502 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Taking Spiritual History in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review of Instruments
Lucchetti, G., Bassi, R. M., & Lucchetti, A. L. G. (2013) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2013.02.004 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“We determined that the ideal spiritual instrument should: (1) be easy to remember, (2) not be time-consuming, (3) be respectful, (4) include both religious and spiritual aspects, (5) include how the patient uses their beliefs to cope with the disease, (6) address terminal events and medical practices not allowed due t…”
Background
Religious Participation and Biological Functioning in Mexico
Hill, T. D., Rote, S. M., & Ellison, C. G. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264317716244 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Religious participation predicts diurnal cortisol profiles 10 years later via lower levels of religious struggle.
Tobin, E. T., & Slatcher, R. B. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000372 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“, diabetes, atherosclerosis), as a mediator of the relationship between religious participation and decreased mortality (Lutgendorf et al., 2004).”
Background
Processes Linking Religious Involvement and Telomere Length
Hill, T. D., Vaghela, P., Ellison, C. G., & Rote, S. M. (2017) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.2017.1311204 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“…and Koenig 2008; Hill, Rote, Ellison, and Burdette 2014; King, Mainous, Steyer, and Pearson 2001; King, Mainous, and Pearson 2002), interleukin-6 (Koenig et al. 1997; Lutgendorf et al. 2004), white blood cells (King et al. 2001), and Epstein-Barr virus (Das and Nairn 2016; Hill et al. 2014).”
Background
Religious Attendance and Biological Risk: A National Longitudinal Study of Older Adults
Suh, H., Hill, T. D., & Koenig, H. G. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0721-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Religiousness and spirituality in fibromyalgia and chronic pain patients
Moreira-Almeida, A., & Koenig, H. G. (2008) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-008-0055-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Longevity Effects of Religious and Nonreligious Participation: A Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression
Shor, E., & Roelfs, D. J. (2013) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Religiosity and Impulsivity in Mental Health
Caribé, A. C., Rocha, M. F. V., Júnior, D. F. M., Studart, P., Quarantini, L. C., Guerreiro, N. F. C., & Miranda‐Scippa, Â. (2015) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000316 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“cortisol and pro-inflammatory interleukin plasmatic levels (Carrico et al., 2006; Lutgendorf et al., 2004).”
Increased Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Are Associated With High Intrinsic Religiosity Among Depressed Inpatients
Mosqueiro, B. P., Fleck, M. P. D. A., & da Rocha, N. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00671 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Previous studies have reported an association between religious attendance and decreased levels of interleukin-6, a proinflammatory cytokine linked to higher mortality in older adults as well as depression (7, 8).”
BackgroundResult
Effects of Religious vs. Conventional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Major Depression and Chronic Medical Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Berk, L., Bellinger, D. L., Koenig, H. G., Daher, N. S., Pearce, M., Robins, C. J., Nelson, B., Shaw, S. F., Cohen, H. J., & King, M. (2015) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2015.53028 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs in Stroke Rehabilitation
Giaquinto, S., Sarno, S., Dall’Armi, V., & Spiridigliozzi, C. (2010) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641960903443566 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“[16] Lutgendorf SK, Russell D, Ullrich P, Harris TB, Wallace R.”
Background
Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatric Care: Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Boehnlein, J. K. (2006) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461506070788 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Religious Attendance and Biological Functioning
Hill, T. D., Rote, S. M., Ellison, C. G., & Burdette, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264314529333 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…function, namely, blood pressure (Koenig et al., 1998; Krause et al., 2002; Maselko et al., 2007), and immune function, including CRP (Gillum et al., 2008; King et al., 2001; King et al., 2002), interleukin-6 (Koenig et al., 1997; Lutgendorf et al., 2004), and white blood cells (King et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluential
Religious Participation and Mortality Risk in Mexico
Hill, T. D., Saenz, J. L., & Rote, S. M. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gby152 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Religious Involvement, Health Status, and Mortality Risk
Hill, T. D., Burdette, A. M., & Idler, E. L. (2011) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7374-0_33 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Inflammation and Coagulation as Mediators in the Relationships Between Religious Attendance and Functional Limitations in Older Adults
Hybels, C. F., George, L. K., Blazer, D. G., Pieper, C. F., Cohen, H. J., & Koenig, H. G. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264314527479 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cultural activity participation and associations with self-perceived health, life-satisfaction and mental health: the Young HUNT Study, Norway
Hansen, E., Sund, E. R., Knudtsen, M. S., Krokstad, S., & Holmen, T. L. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1873-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“This is in line with studies where social participation (cultural, religious, social activities) was found to be associated with survival, longevity and where also participation in cultural activities might have a positive influence and personal development [11–13].”
Result
Pain, Spirituality, and Meaning Making: What Can We Learn from the Literature?
Lysne, C. J., & Wachholtz, A. (2010) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel2010001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Studies have repeatedly found a positive correlation between religious involvement, health, and quality of life [38-44].”
Background
Religious Involvement, Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Major Depression and Chronic Medical Illness
Bellinger, D. L., Berk, L., Koenig, H. G., Daher, N. S., Pearce, M., Robins, C. J., Nelson, B., Shaw, S. F., Cohen, H. J., & King, M. (2014) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2014.44040 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Religious Service Attendance, Educational Attainment, and Hypertension at Baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Varella, A. C., Benseñor, I. M., Fonseca, M. J. M., Griep, R. H., Pereira, A. C., & Lotufo, P. A. (2020) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz199 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Psychosomatic Assessment
Fava, G. A., N., W. T., & Sonino, N. (2011) · Advances in psychosomatic medicine · doi:10.1159/isbn.978-3-8055-9854-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cognitive function, social integration and mortality in a U.S. national cohort study of older adults
Obisesan, T. O., & Gillum, R. (2009) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-9-33 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“reduced depression, and positive emotions leading to health-promoting physiological effects of decreased chronic sympatho-adrenal activation, improved immune function, and less chronic inflammation [10-13].”
Background
God-mediated control beliefs and the Epstein-Barr virus: Is more God-mediated control always better?
KRAUSE, N. M., & Ironson, G. H. (2017) · Journal of Religion Spirituality & Aging · doi:10.1080/15528030.2017.1335632 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cultural activities and public health: research in Norway and Sweden. An overview
Cuypers, K. F., Knudtsen, M. S., Sandgren, M., Krokstad, S., Wikström, B., & Theorell, T. (2011) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2010.481288 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Association between plasma inflammatory markers and irrational beliefs; the ATTICA epidemiological study
Papageorgiou, C., Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C. S., Tsetsekou, E., Kontoangelos, K. A., Stefanadis, C., & Soldatos, C. R. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.05.018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Close Relationships and Immunity
Graham‐Engeland, J. E., Christian, L. M., & Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088576-3/50043-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…with perceptions of a more supportive social network (Ellison and George, 1994) and is associated with lower mortality rates (McCullough et al., 2000; Strawbridge et al., 1997) and with lower levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine (Koenig et al., 1997; Lutgendorf et al., 2004).”
Background
Assessment of Psychological Well-Being in Psychosomatic Medicine
Rafanelli, C., & Ruini, C. (2012) · Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1159/000330021 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Religion and Adult Mortality: Group- and Individual-Level Perspectives
Idler, E. L. (2011) · International handbooks of population · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9996-9_17 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Religious and Spiritual Factors in Depression
Vasegh, S., Rosmarin, D. H., Koenig, H. G., Dew, R. E., & Bonelli, R. M. (2012) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/298056 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Untangling the mechanisms underlying the links between religiousness, spirituality, and better health
Cheadle, A. C. D., & Schetter, C. D. (2017) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12299 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Spiritual Health and Outcomes in Muslim ICU Patients: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Bashar, F. R., Vahedian‐Azimi, A., Salesi, M., Hajiesmaeili, M., Shojaei, S., Farzanegan, B., Goharani, R., Madani, S. J., Moghaddam, K. G., Hatamian, S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0543-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“2008) and participation (Lutgendorf et al. 2004) were associated with greater mortality.”
Background
Long-term Stability of Social Participation
Hyyppä, M. T., Mäki, J., Alanen, E., Impivaara, O., & Aromaa, A. J. (2007) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9199-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“, active participa tion in organized groups and associations is an important predictor of all-cause mortality (Dalgard and Haheirn 1998; Glass et al. 1999; Eng et al. 2002; Lutgendorf et al. 2004) and”
Background
Religious versus Conventional Psychotherapy for Major Depression in Patients with Chronic Medical Illness: Rationale, Methods, and Preliminary Results
Koenig, H. G. (2012) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/460419 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“A number of other studies have found similar connections between religious involvement and other immune functions (T cells, in particular) [93–95], pro-inflammatory indicators (IL-6) [96–98], and endocrine measures (specifically cortisol) [99–103].”
Background
Sociality predicts individual variation in the immunity of free-ranging rhesus macaques
Pavez-Fox, M. A., Valle, J. E. N.-D., Thompson, I. J., Walker, C. S., Bauman, S. E., González, O., Compo, N. R., Ruiz-Lambides, A. V., Martínez, M. I., Platt, M. L., et al. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113560 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Similarly, having a consistent social support network can lead to a reduction in the levels of interleukin-6 in elderly people [16].”
All-cause mortality and three aspects of social relationships: an eight-year follow-up of older adults from one entire Korean village
Youm, Y., Baldina, E., & Baek, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80684-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Spirituality in clinical practice: what should the general practitioner know?
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Bassi, R. M., & Latorraca, R. (2010) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Health and Biological Functioning
Hill, T. D., Bradshaw, M., & Burdette, A. M. (2016) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31395-5_2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…(Dupre et al. 2006 ; Ellison et al. 2000 ; Gillum et al. 2008 ; Helm et al. 2000 ; Hill et al. 2005 ; Hummer et al. 1999 , 2010 ; Koenig et al. 1999 ; Krause 2006 ; Lutgendorf et al. 2004 ; Musick et al. 2004 ; Oman and Reed 1998 ; Oman et al. 2002 ; Rogers et al. 2010 ; Strawbridge et al. 1997 ).”
Background
Possible Influence of Spiritual and Religious Beliefs on Hypertension
Giaquinto, S., & Spiridigliozzi, C. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641960701615683 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Religion in the US during the time of a Pandemic: A Medical Perspective
Knight, D. R. T., Dudenkov, D. V., & Cheshire, W. P. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01366-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Psychoneuroimmunology: application to ocular diseases
Ventura, L. M. (2009) · Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics · doi:10.1007/s12177-009-9028-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Novel Religious/Spiritual Group Psychotherapy Reduces Depressive Symptoms in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Chida, Y., Schrempft, S., & Steptoe, A. (2015) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0113-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Religiosity/spirituality might attenuate sympathetic nervous system activity and enhance parasympathetic activation, leading to decreased blood pressure (Gillum and Ingram 2006; Yeager et al. 2006) and inflammatory cytokine levels (Koenig et al. 1997; Lutgendorf et al. 2004).”
Background
Worship Attendance and the Disability Process in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Fitchett, G. A., Benjamins, M. R., Skarupski, K. A., & de Leon, C. F. M. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs165 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Influence of Social Engagement on Mortality in Korea: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2012)
Kim, J., Lee, S. G., Kim, T. H., Choi, Y. S., Lee, Y., & Park, E. (2016) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.7.1020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Association of Islamic Prayer with Psychological Stability in Bosnian War Veterans
Pajević, I., Sinanović, O., & Hasanovic, M. I. (2017) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0431-z · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Concepções de Espiritualidade e Religiosidade e a Prática Multiprofissional em Cuidados Paliativos
Ferreira, A. G. D. C., Duarte, T. M. D. M., da Silva, A. F., & Bezerra, M. R. (2015) · Americanae (AECID Library) · doi:10.23925/2176-901x.2015v18i3p227-244 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Spirituality Among Older Adults: An Exploration of the Developmental Context, Impact on Mental and Physical Health, and Integration into Counseling
Turesky, D. G., & Schultz, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Religion Spirituality & Aging · doi:10.1080/15528030903437406 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Moreover, Lutgendorf, Russell, Ullrich, Harris, and Wallace (2004 ) explored the role of immune functioning as a possible mediator in the relationship between religious attendance and mortality among a sample of 557 older adults.”
Background
Autonomy, positive relationships, and IL‐6: Evidence for gender‐specific effects
Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2012) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02085.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The association of mental health with positive behaviours, attitudes and virtues in community-dwelling older adults: Results of a population-based study
Martins, E. L. M., Salamene, L. C., Lucchetti, A. L. G., & Lucchetti, G. (2021) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764021999690 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“optimism, positive affectivity and beliefs of the individual can influence physiological parameters such as cortisol, immunity and proinflammatory markers (Lai et al., 2005; Lutgendorf et al., 2004; Tobin & Slatcher, 2016), factors also implicated in mental health outcomes (Young et al.”
Background
Definitions
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0001 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effect of Social Engagement on Self-rated Health Trajectory among Korean Older Adults
민주홍 (2013) · Health and Social Welfare Review · doi:10.15709/hswr.2013.33.4.105 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stress, Negative Emotions, and Inflammation
Gouin, J., Hantsoo, L. V., & Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195342161.013.0054 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Take Me to (the Empty) Church? Social Networks, Loneliness and Religious Attendance in Young Polish Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Okruszek, Ł., Piejka, A., & Żurek, K. (2022) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01486-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stress, Coping, and Immune Function
Dougall, A. L., & Baum, A. E. (2003) · Handbook of Psychology · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0316 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Religion and health in rural Malawi
Kendall, J. (2019) · Journal of religion and health · doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00804-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mediation analysis of leisure activities on the association between cognitive function and mortality: a longitudinal study of 42,942 Chinese adults 65 years and older
Chen, X., Wu, W., Zhang, X., Long, T., Zhu, W., Hu, R., Jin, X., Yan, L. L., & Yao, Y. (2022) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih.e2022112 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The mechanisms may include support (received or provided), reduced depression, and positive emotions leading to the health-promoting physiological effects of decreased chronic sympatho-adrenal activation, improved immune function, and less chronic inflammation [36-38].”
Background
Impact of Religion and Spirituality in Older Persons
Lucchetti, G., Vitorino, L., Nasri, F., & Lucchetti, A. (2019) · Spirituality, Religiousness and Health · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21221-6_8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Psychological Influences on Neuroendocrine and Immune Outcomes
Christian, L. M., Deichert, N. T., Gouin, J., Graham‐Engeland, J. E., & Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb002064 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Geospatial analytics for promoting a healthy peri-urban city: A health-cartographic perspective
Iamtrakul, P., Chayphong, S., & Gao, W. (2025) · Journal of Urban Management · doi:10.1016/j.jum.2025.05.013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effectiveness of religious activity on the quality of life and healthcare outcomes of adults aged 65 and older: a systematic review
Lizarondo, L. M., & Lockwood, C. S. (2009) · The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/01938924-200907180-00001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Psychoneuroimmunology: application to ocular diseases
Ventura, L. M. (2009) · Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics · doi:10.1007/s12177-009-9032-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“[75] provided support for the hypothesis that more frequent religious attendance in a population-based sample of older adults is associated with lower mortality and lower levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine linked to a number of age-related diseases.”
Impact of Religious Involvement and Religious Commitment on Post-Pandemic Well-Being among Chinese University Students
Hu, X., Cheng, S., & Lai, Y. (2022) · Religious Education · doi:10.1080/00344087.2022.2071052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Spiritual Care: Define and Redefine Self
Sridharan, K., & Sivaramakrishnan, G. (2016) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0269-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“This study gave an evidence of the possible relationship between spirituality and mortality via interleukins (Lutgendorf et al. 2004).”
Background
Stress, spirituality, and cytokines in aging and cancer
Lutgendorf, S. K. (2005) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.07.065 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cardiac autonomic modulation related to prayer may contribute to the reduced cardiovascular mortality associated with religiosity/spirituality
Tolentino, J. C. (2019) · doi:10.31487/j.jicoa.2019.02.05 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The acute physiological changes occurring during prayer and meditation have been extensively researched and show a reduction of sympathetic nervous system activity decrease, oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and respiratory rate [32-54].”
Background
An Assessment of Indigenous Knowledge of Music Therapy in Nigeria
Aluede, C. O., Ogisi, A. A., & Okakah, F. I. (2023) · Voices A World Forum for Music Therapy · doi:10.15845/voices.v23i1.3073 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Increased Congregational Support for Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Szczesniak, R. D., Zou, Y., Wetzel, J. D., KRAUSE, N. M., & Grossoehme, D. H. (2014) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9928-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In a study of over 550 older adults, attending religious services more than once weekly was determined to be a significant predictor of lower subsequent 12-year mortality compared with never attending religious services (Lutgendorf et al. 2004).”
Background
Regional Brain Volume Changes in Catholic Nuns: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Deep Learning-Based Brain MRI Segmentation
Chung, J. H., Eun, Y., Ock, S. M., Kim, B.-K., Kim, T.-H., Kim, D., Park, S. J., Im, M.-K., & Kim, S. (2022) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2022.0165 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Measurement
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Culture, Cognition, and Ritual
Xygalatas, D. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197689783.003.0003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Attendance at Religious Services, Interleukin-6, and other Biological Parameters of Immune Function in Older Adults
Koenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J., George, L. K., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., & Blazer, D. G. (1997) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/40nf-q9y2-0gg7-4wh6 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Religion and mortality among the community-dwelling elderly.
Oman, D., & Reed, D. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.10.1469 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Religious involvement and U.S. adult mortality
Hummer, R. A., Rogers, R. G., Nam, C. B., & Ellison, C. G. (1999) · Demography · doi:10.2307/2648114 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
14. Religious Involvement and Mortality Risk among Pre-Retirement Aged U.S. Adults
Hummer, R. A., Benjamins, M. R., Ellison, C. G., & Rogers, R. G. (2020) · Rutgers University Press eBooks · doi:10.36019/9780813549453-015 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Does Religious Attendance Prolong Survival? A Six-Year Follow-Up Study of 3,968 Older Adults
Koenig, H. G., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., George, L. K., Cohen, H. J., McCullough, M. E., Meador, K. G., & Blazer, D. G. (1999) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/54.7.m370 · Cited by 341 · see citing works

Authors: Lutgendorf, S. K., Russell, D., Ullrich, P., Harris, T. B., & Wallace, R.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Lutgendorf, Susan K.
Russell, Daniel
Harris, Tamara B.
Wallace, Robert
Venue: Health Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2004
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Pages: 465-475
ISSN: 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
1930-7810
DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.465
OpenAlex: W2095240592
Cited by: 184
References: 93
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 7.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG02106)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062666, MH62666)
National Cancer Institute (R21CA088293)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords: religious service attendance, interleukin-6, mortality, older adults, religiosity, inflammation, mediation, community-dwelling older adults
MeSH terms: Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Iowa, Life Change Events, Male, Mortality, Religion and Psychology, Rural Population, Interleukin-6, Confidence Intervals

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Religious Participation, Interleukin-6, and Mortality in Older Adults.

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks