The role of social isolation in social anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Introduction Social isolation in the context of social anxiety disorder has not been closely examined. This study aimed to describe the role and measurement of social isolation in those with social anxiety disorder.Method A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted using a prospectively prepared protocol for search strategy, selection criteria, and data extraction. DerSimonian-Laird random effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates of effect.Results Thirty-four studies, containing 20 formal instruments and four other measures of social isolation, were included. Most formal instruments were utilized in single studies, whereas simple structural measures (e.g., living alone) were used most frequently. The pooled score was 38.1 on the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire, 33.1 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (avoidance subscale), and 21.1 on the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale.Conclusions Social isolation is common in social anxiety disorder but assessed by a heterogeneous mix of measures.
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There is an association between social isolation and social anxiety disorder, though causality is unclear.
“A meta-analysis identified an association between social isolation and social anxiety disorder, though causality was unclear 51 .”
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There is a lack of evidence to discern cause and effect in the relationship between social relationships and bipolar and anxiety disorders.
“but there is a lack of evidence to discern cause and effect [69, 70].”
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Social relationships have been shown to be related to bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders.
“Similarly, social relationships were shown to be related to bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders”
From Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Teo, A. R., Lerrigo, R., & Rogers, M. A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Teo, Alan R.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 353-364
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992875463
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- social isolation, social anxiety disorder, loneliness, social avoidance, social discontent, living alone, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests, Social Isolation, Marital Status
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