CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 737Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women

Mark S. George, Terence A. Ketter, Priti I. Parekh, Barry Horwitz, Peter Herscovitch, Robert M. Post·1995·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/ajp.152.3.341
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The specific brain regions involved in the normal emotional states of transient sadness or happiness are poorly understood. The authors therefore sought to determine if H2(15)O positron emission tomography (PET) might demonstrate changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) associated with transient sadness or happiness in healthy adult women. METHOD: Eleven healthy and never mentally ill adult women were scanned, by using PET and H2(15)O, during happy, sad, and neutral states induced by recalling affect-appropriate life events and looking at happy, sad, or neutral human faces. RESULTS: Compared to the neutral condition, transient sadness significantly activated bilateral limbic and paralimbic structures (cingulate, medial prefrontal, and mesial temporal cortex), as well as brainstem, thalamus, and caudate/putamen. In contrast, transient happiness had no areas of significantly increased activity but was associated with significant and widespread reductions in cortical rCBF, especially in the right prefrontal and bilateral temporal-parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS: Transient sadness and happiness in healthy volunteer women are accompanied by significant changes in regional brain activity in the limbic system, as well as other brain regions. Transient sadness and happiness affect different brain regions in divergent directions and are not merely opposite activity in identical brain regions. These findings have implications for understanding the neural substrates of both normal and pathological emotion.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/ajp.152.3.341

Cites

77 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 77 references

Research works printed but not linked: 39

  1. George MS, 1993, J Clin Psychiatry, 54, 6
  2. George MS, 1994, Ketter TA
  3. Robinson RG, Szetela B: Mood change following left hemisphere brain injury. Ann Neurol 1 981
  4. Robinson RG, FedoroffJP: Depression and cerebrovascular disease. J Clin Psychiatry 1 990
  5. Is RM, American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting Course in Behavioral Neurology: The Limbic System in Neurology and Psychiatry. Edited by Marsel-Mesulam M
  6. Trimble MR, 1988, J Clin Psychiatry, 49, 7
  7. Post RM, 1992, Trimble M. England, Wrightson Biomedical
  8. Roland PE, Brain Activation
  9. Ring HA, 1991, Costa DC
  10. Kwong KK, Turner R: Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. Proc NatI Acad Sci USA 1992
  11. Ketter TA, 1993, Biol Psychiatry, 33, 66A
  12. Reiman EM, Fox PT
  13. Reiman EM, 1993, Society of Neuroscience Abstracts, 19, 371
  14. Fyer AJ, 1985, Endicort J: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version Modified for the Study of Anxiety Disorders (SADS-LA)
  15. Abboud H, 1992, Version 1.4. Rockville
  16. Herscovitch P, 1983, MarkhamJ
  17. Fox PT, Mintun MA: Noninvasive functional brain mapping by change-distribution analysis of averaged PET images of H2150 tissue activity. J NucI Med 1989
  18. ANALYZE, 1991, Version 5.0. Rochester, Minn
  19. Friston KJ, Frackowiak RSJ: The relationship between global and local changes in PETscans.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990
  20. Talairach J, 1988, Tournoux P: Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: Three-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging
  21. Post RM, 1987, Cohen R
  22. George MS, Ketter TA
  23. Cummings JL, The neuroanatomy ofdepression.J try 1993
  24. Mayberg HS, 1991, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 11, S2
  25. Renshaw PF, 1992, Gonzalez RG
  26. Dube S, 1993, Biol Psychiatry, 33, 47A
  27. George MS, 1993, 147th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association
  28. Talairach J, Rusu M: The cingulate gyrus and human behaviour. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol I 973
  29. Vogt BA, Finch DM
  30. Van Hoeson GW, Morecraft RJ
  31. Ketter TA, 1993, 146th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association
  32. Pardo JV, 1991, Fox PT
  33. London ED, 1991, NIDA Res Monogr, 105, 54
  34. London ED, 1990, Jaffe JH
  35. Amaral DG, 1992, Pitkanen A
  36. Heath RG, 1978, Biol Psychiatry, 13, 501
  37. Joffe RT, Horvath Z: Mood disorder and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol I 987
  38. Langworthy OR, Androp S: Disturbances of behavior in patients with disseminated sclerosis. Am J Psychiatry I 941
  39. Petrides M, Meyer B

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–117 of 117

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
George, M. S., Ketter, T. A., Parekh, P. I., Horwitz, B., Herscovitch, P., & Post, R. M.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
1995-03-01
Volume
152
Issue
3
Pages
341-351
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/ajp.152.3.341
OpenAlex
W1517011095
Cited by
737
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
FWCI
20.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
regional cerebral blood flow, limbic system, prefrontal cortex, temporal-parietal cortex, women, neural substrates of emotion
MeSH terms
Adult, Affect, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Happiness, Humans, Functional Laterality, Limbic System, Oxygen Radioisotopes, Task Performance and Analysis, Tomography, Emission-Computed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review