The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder
Abstract
In this manuscript, research articles using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study adult patients with bipolar disorder were reviewed. The findings from these studies identify altered brain activation in five regions in cortico-limbic pathways responsible for emotional regulation: portions of the prefrontal cortex; anterior cingulate cortex; amygdala; thalamus; and striatum. The most consistent findings were overactivation of amygdala, striatum, and thalamus. Findings in prefrontal cortex were less consistent, but most studies also showed increased activation in ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical areas. Excessive activation in brain regions associated with emotional regulation may contribute to the affective symptoms of bipolar disorder. However, there are several important limitations in this body of research. Even when similar tasks were used, brain activation was often discrepant among studies. Most fMRI studies examined small samples (ten or fewer bipolar subjects) limiting statistical power. Additionally, most studies were confounded by patients taking psychotropic medications. Nonetheless, from this work an anterior limbic over-activation model of bipolar disorder is emerging.
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Evidence for abnormalities in reward-related neural network function in mania is scarce.
“Although functional MRI studies have identified prefrontal dysfunction in bipolar disorder and manic psychosis, evidence for abnormalities in reward-related neural network function in mania is scarce [271-275].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [272]
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- Authors
- Cerullo, M. A., Adler, C. M., Delbello, M. P., & Strakowski, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cerullo, Michael A.
- Venue
- International Review of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 314-322
- ISSN
- 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1627
- OpenAlex
- W2094416046
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 8.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH078043, MH066626, K23MH063373, MH081214, R01MH066626, MH63373, MH071931, K23MH081214, R01MH071931, MH078043, P50MH077138, MH077138)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA022221, DA022221)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, functional neuroanatomy, emotion regulation, amygdala hyperactivation, striatum, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, affective symptoms, sample size limitations
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Amygdala, Arousal, Basal Ganglia, Bipolar Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Dominance, Cerebral, Emotions, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Limbic System, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Oxygen, Thalamus, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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