Anorexia Nervosa and Major Depression: Shared Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to derive heritability estimates for anorexia nervosa and to explore the etiology of the comorbid relationship between anorexia nervosa and major depression. METHOD: They applied bivariate structural equation modeling to a broad definition of anorexia nervosa and lifetime major depression as assessed in a population-based sample of 2,163 female twins. RESULTS: Anorexia nervosa was estimated to have a heritability of 58% (95% confidence interval=33%-84%). The authors were unable to completely rule out a contribution of shared environment. The comorbidity between anorexia nervosa and major depression is likely due to genetic factors that influence the risk for both disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study was limited by the small number of affected twins, the results suggest that genetic factors significantly influence the risk for anorexia nervosa and substantially contribute to the observed comorbidity between anorexia nervosa and major depression.
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Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, have a significant genetic component.
“Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (AN), have a significant genetic component.”
From Evidence for a Susceptibility Gene for Anorexia Nervosa on Chromosome 1 (2002) · cites this paper as Wade et al. 2000
Twin studies of anorexia nervosa have estimated monozygotic concordance rates of 52%-56% and dizygotic concordance rates of 5%-11%.
“In these studies, concordance rates for MZ twins with AN have been estimated to be 52%-56%, whereas concordance rates for DZ twins with AN have been estimated to be 5%-11% (Garfinkel and Garner 1982; Holland et al. 1984, 1988; Wade et al. 2000).”
From Evidence for a Susceptibility Gene for Anorexia Nervosa on Chromosome 1 (2002) · cites this paper as Wade et al. 2000
The familiality observed in family studies of eating disorders is primarily due to genetic causes.
“These studies strongly suggest that the familiality observed in family studies is primarily due to genetic causes.”
From Evidence for a Susceptibility Gene for Anorexia Nervosa on Chromosome 1 (2002) · cites this paper as Wade et al. 2000
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Zeeland, A. A. S., Bloss, C. S., Tewhey, R., Bansal, V., Torkamani, A., Libiger, O., Duvvuri, V., Wineinger, N. E., Galvez, L., Darst, B. F., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.91 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationThe offspring of mothers with eating disorders
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Genetic variants associated with disordered eating
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Self-citationFamily study of the aggregation of eating disorders and mood disorders
Mangweth, B., Hudson, J. I., Pope, H. G., Hausmann, A., Col, C. D., Laird, N. M., BEIBL, W., & Tsuang, M. T. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703008250 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Koch, S. V., Larsen, J. T., Mouridsen, S. E., Bentz, M., Petersen, L. V., Bulik, C. M., Mortensen, P. B., & Plessen, K. J. (2015) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.153221 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationAnorexia Nervosa, Major Depression, and Suicide Attempts: Shared Genetic Factors
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Self-citationHinney, A., & Volckmar, A. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0423-y · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Anorexia Nervosa’s Meaning to Patients: A Qualitative Synthesis
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Reconceptualizing anorexia nervosa
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Self-citationEating Disorders, Serotonin Transporter Polymorphisms and Potential Treatment Response
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Age differences in genetic and environmental influences on weight and shape concerns
Klump, K. L., Burt, S. A., Spanos, A., McGue, M. K., Iacono, W. G., & Wade, T. D. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20772 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors associated with recovery from anorexia nervosa: A population‐based study
Keski‐Rahkonen, A., Raevuori, A., Bulik, C. M., Hoek, H. W., Rissanen, A., & Kaprio, J. A. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22168 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Wade, T. D., Bulik, C. M., Neale, M., & Kendler, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2000-03-01
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 469-471
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2134453207
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 17.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA009095, AA-09095)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040828, MH 40828, MH-42953)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- anorexia nervosa, major depressive disorder, comorbidities, heritability, genetic risk factors, shared environment, twin studies, female twins, psychiatric genetics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anorexia Nervosa, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Genetic Variation, Comorbidity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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