CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 327Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchSchizophrenia research and treatmentTreatment of Major Depression

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparison of Citalopram, Perphenazine, and Placebo for the Acute Treatment of Psychosis and Behavioral Disturbances in Hospitalized, Demented Patients

Pollock, Bruce G., Mulsant, Benoit H., Rosen, Jules, Sweet, Robert A., Mazumdar, Sati, Bharucha, Ashok, Marin, Robert, Jacob, N. J., Huber, Kimberly A., Kastango, Kari B., Chew, Marci L.·2002·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.460
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective Until recently, conventional antipsychotics were the standard pharmacotherapy for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the acute efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and the neuroleptic perphenazine with placebo for the treatment of psychosis and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed patients with dementia. Method Eighty-five hospitalized patients with at least one moderate to severe target symptom (aggression, agitation, hostility, suspiciousness, hallucinations, or delusions) were randomly assigned to receive either citalopram, perphenazine, or placebo under double-blind conditions for up to 17 days. Results Patients treated with citalopram or perphenazine showed statistically significant improvement on several Neurobehavioral Rating Scale factor scores. Compared to those receiving placebo, only patients treated with citalopram showed significantly greater improvement in their total Neurobehavioral Rating Scale score as well as in the scores for the agitation/aggression and lability/tension factors. Side effect scores were similar among the three treatment groups. Conclusions Citalopram was found to be more efficacious than placebo in the short-term hospital treatment of psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed, demented patients.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.460

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Pollock and colleagues demonstrated the utility of citalopram for agitation in dementia in a short-term, unmasked study and two randomized, masked follow-up studies, but these preliminary data require replication in a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial specific to an AD population.

    “In a short-term, unmasked study and two randomized, masked follow-up studies, Pollock and colleagues demonstrated the utility of citalopram for agitation in dementia, but these preliminary data require replication in a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial specific to an AD population17–19.”

    From Effect of Citalopram on Agitation in Alzheimer Disease: The CitAD Randomized Clinical Trial (2014) · cites this paper as [18]

  • Citalopram at 20 mg/d showed significant improvement on the cognitive subscale of the NBRS in one of the preliminary citalopram studies.

    “Conversely citalopram at 20 mg/d showed significant improvement on the cognitive subscale of the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NBRS) in one of the preliminary citalopram studies18”

    From Effect of Citalopram on Agitation in Alzheimer Disease: The CitAD Randomized Clinical Trial (2014) · cites this paper as [18]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 24

  1. Schulz R, O’Brien AT, Bookwala J, Fleissner K: Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: prevalence, correlates, and causes. Gerontologist 1995; 35:771-791 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Pollock BG, Mulsant BH: Behavioral disturbances of dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1998; 11:206-212 · DOI
  3. Pollock BG, Rosen J, Mulsant BH: Antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of behavioral disturbances in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a review of clinical data. Consultant Pharmacist 1999; 11:1251-1258
  4. Schneider LS, Pollock VE, Lyness SA: A metaanalysis of controlled trials of neuroleptic treatment in dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38:553-563 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Pollock BG, Mulsant BH: Antipsychotics in older patients: a safety perspective. Drugs Aging 1995; 6:312-323 · DOI
  6. Pollock BG, Mulsant BH, Sweet RA, Rosen J, Altieri LP, Peril J: Prospective cytochrome P450 2D6 phenotyping for neuroleptic treatment in dementia. Psychopharmacol Bull 1995; 31:327-331
  7. Lawlor BA: Serotonin and Alzheimer’s disease. Psychiatr Annals 1990; 20:567-569 · DOI
  8. Sultzer DL, Gray KF, Gunay I, Berisford MA, Mahler ME: A double-blind comparison of trazodone and haloperidol for treatment of agitation in patients with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 5:60-69 · DOI
  9. Dehlin O, Hedenrud B, Jansson P, Norgard JA: A double-blind comparison of alaproclate and placebo in the treatment of patients with senile dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985; 71:190-196 · DOI
  10. Olafsson K, Jorgensen S, Jensen HV, Bille A, Arup P, Anderson J: Fluvoxamine in the treatment of demented elderly patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 85:453-456 · DOI
  11. Nyth AL, Gottfries CG: The clinical efficacy of citalopram in treatment of emotional disturbances in dementia disorders: a Nordic multicentre study. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157:894-901 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Pollock BG, Mulsant BH, Sweet R, Burgio LD, Kirshner MA, Shuster K, Rosen J: An open pilot study of citalopram for behavioral disturbances of dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 5:70-78 · DOI
  13. Levin HS, High WM, Goethe KE, Sisson RA, Overall JE, Rhoades HM, Eisenberg HM, Kalisky Z, Gary HE: The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale: assessment of the behavioural sequelae of head injury by the clinician. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50:183-193 · DOI
  14. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: “Mini-Mental State”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12:189-198 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Mulsant BH, Mazumdar S, Pollock BG, Sweet RA, Rosen J, Lo K: Methodological issues in characterizing treatment response in demented patients with behavioral disturbances. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 12:537-547 · DOI
  16. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 1984; 34:939-944 · DOI · Paper page
  17. McKeith IG, Galasko D, Kosaka K, Perry ED, Dickson DW, Hansen LA, Salmon DP, Lowe J, Mirra SS, Byrne EJ, Lennox G, Quinn NP, Edwardson JA, Ince PG, Bergeron C, Burns A, Miller BL, Lovestone S, Collerton D, Jansen EN, Ballard C, de Vos RA, Wilcock GK, Jellinger KA, Perry RH: Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the Consortium on DLB International Workshop. Neurology 1996; 47:1113-1124 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Katz IR, Jeste DV, Mintzer JE, Clyde C, Napolitano J, Brecher M (Risperidone Study Group): Comparison of risperidone and placebo for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60:107-115 · DOI
  19. Jeste DV, Finkel SI: Psychosis of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000; 8:29-34 · DOI
  20. Ballard CG, Bannister CL, Patel A, Graham C, Oyebode F, Wilcock G, Chung MC: Classification of psychotic symptoms in dementia sufferers. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995; 92:63-68 · DOI
  21. Tsai S-J, Hwang J-P, Yang C-H, Liu K-M: Delusional jealousy in dementia. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58:492-494 · DOI
  22. Pies R: Must we now consider SRIs neuroleptics? (editorial). J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; 17:443-445 · DOI
  23. Holmes C, Arranz MJ, Powell JF, Collier DA, Lovestone S: 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor polymorphisms and psychopathology in late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:1507-1509 · DOI
  24. Sukonick DL, Pollock BG, Sweet RA, Mulsant BH, Rosen J, Klunk WE, Kastango KB, DeKosky ST, Ferrell RE: The 5-HTTPR*S/*L polymorphism and aggressive behavior in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2001; 58:1425-1428 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Pollock, B. G., Mulsant, B. H., Rosen, J., Sweet, R. A., Mazumdar, S., Bharucha, A., Marin, R., Jacob, N. J., Huber, K. A., Kastango, K. B., & Chew, M. L.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2002-03-01
Volume
159
Issue
3
Pages
460-465
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.460
OpenAlex
W2112549296
Cited by
327
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
FWCI
8.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH001613, K02MH001509, R29MH055106, P30MH052247, R01MH059666)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000056)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
citalopram, perphenazine, dementia, psychosis, behavioral problems, agitation, aggression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antipsychotic drugs, acute treatment, hospitalized patients, adverse effects
MeSH terms
Donepezil, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Behavioral Symptoms, Dementia, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Indans, Male, Perphenazine, Piperidines, Placebos, Psychotic Disorders, Antipsychotic Agents, Citalopram, Treatment Outcome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review