Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple-Session Early Interventions Following Traumatic Events
Abstract
Objective The authors sought to determine the efficacy of multiple-session psychological interventions to prevent and treat traumatic stress symptoms beginning within 3 months of a traumatic event. Method Nine computerized databases were searched, and manual searches were conducted of reference lists of selected articles as well as two journals. In addition, key researchers in the field were contacted to determine whether they were aware of other relevant studies. The reviewers identified randomized controlled trials of multiple-session psychological treatments aimed at preventing or reducing traumatic stress symptoms in individuals within 3 months of exposure to a traumatic event. Details of the studies were independently extracted by two reviewers, and outcome data were entered into the Review Manager software package. Quality assessment was also conducted by two researchers independently. Results Twenty-five studies examining a range of interventions were identified. For treatment of individuals exposed to a trauma irrespective of their symptoms, there was no significant difference between any intervention and usual care. For treatment of traumatic stress symptoms irrespective of diagnosis, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was more effective than waiting list or supportive counseling conditions. The difference was greatest for treatment of acute stress disorder and acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusions Trauma-focused CBT within 3 months of a tra…
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Three reviews synthesised and compared results from studies that had used risk screening tools and studies that had not used risk screening tools to identify participants for inclusion.
“Three of these reviews synthesised and compared results from studies that had used risk screening tools and studies that had not used risk screening tools to identify participants for inclusion.42 73 77”
From Impact of healthcare interventions on distress following acute musculoskeletal/orthopaedic injury: A scoping review of systematic reviews (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
Multiple sessions of preventive Behavioral Therapy administered within 3 months following traumatic events do not reduce distress or prevent PTSD.
“Single-session psychological debriefing [7,8] as well as multiple sessions of preventive Behavioral Therapy [9] administered within 3 months following traumatic events do not reduce distress, or prevent PTSD.”
From Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
Meta-analytic studies support the utility of early targeted intervention to limit later PTSD.
“Meta-analytic studies have supported the utility of early targeted intervention to limit later PTSD 133,134 .”
From Post‐traumatic stress disorder: a state‐of‐the‐art review of evidence and challenges (2019) · cites this paper as [134]
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- Authors
- Roberts, N. P., Kitchiner, N. J., Kenardy, J., & Bisson, J. I.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 293-301
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2133131661
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- early intervention, traumatic stress symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma exposure, treatment efficacy, supportive counseling
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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