Cited by 97Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Nitric oxide synthase genotype modulation of impulsivity and ventral striatal activity in adult ADHD patients and healthy comparison subjects

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Hoogman, Martine, Aarts, Esther, Zwiers, Marcel, Slaats-Willemse, Dorine, Naber, Marlies, Onnink, Marten, Cools, Roshan, Kan, Cornelis +2 more·2011·American Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder. The NOS1 gene encoding nitric oxide synthase is a candidate gene for ADHD and has been previously linked with impulsivity. In the present study, the authors investigated the effect of a functional variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in NOS1 (NOS1 exon 1f-VNTR) on the processing of rewards, one of the cognitive deficits in ADHD. METHOD: A sample of 136 participants, consisting of 87 adult ADHD patients and 49 healthy comparison subjects, completed a reward-related impulsivity task. A total of 104 participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a reward anticipation task. The effect of the NOS1 exon 1f-VNTR genotype on reward-related impulsivity and reward-related ventral striatal activity was examined. RESULTS: ADHD patients had higher impulsivity scores and lower ventral striatal activity than healthy comparison subjects. The association between the short allele and increased impulsivity was confirmed. However, independent of disease status, homozygous carriers of the short allele of NOS1, the ADHD risk genotype, demonstrated higher ventral striatal activity than carriers of the other NOS1 VNTR genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The authors suggest that the NOS1 genotype influences impulsivity and its relation with ADHD is mediated through effects on this behavioral trait. Increased ventral striatal activity related to NOS1 may be compensatory for effects in other brain regions.

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Crossref · 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101446

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  • The genetic variant that predicts increased reward-related activation in the striatum also predicts increased reward-related impulsivity.

    “and suggestion that the genetic variant that predicts increased reward-related activation in the striatum also predicts increased reward-related impulsivity.22”
  • In adults with ADHD, most studies report reduced activation in the ventral striatum during anticipation of monetary gains compared to controls.

    “In adults with ADHD most studies report reduced activation in the ventral striatum (VS) during anticipation of monetary gains compared to controls,4,21,22 with one exception.23”
  • The function of the reward circuitry can be modulated by functional genetic polymorphisms influencing dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum, directly (e.g. DAT1) or indirectly (e.g. NOS1).

    “The function of the reward circuitry can be modulated by functional genetic polymorphisms influencing dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum, directly (e.g. the dopamine transporter gene [DAT1]) or indirectly (e.g. the nitric oxide synthase gene [NOS1]).18,22,26”
  • There is a positive association between trait impulsivity or reward-related impulsivity and neural activation in the striatum following reward-predicting cues in healthy adult samples.

    “First, there is a positive association between trait impulsivity or reward-related impulsivity and neural activation in the striatum following reward-predicting cues19,20,22 in healthy adult samples”
  • Recent evidence showed that ventral striatal activation does not differ between medicated and medication-naïve adults with ADHD.

    “recent evidence showed that ventral striatal activation does not differ between medicated and medication-naïve adults with ADHD.22”

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Authors
Hoogman, M., Aarts, E., Zwiers, M., Slaats-Willemse, D., Naber, M., Onnink, M., Cools, R., Kan, C., Buitelaar, J., & Franke, B.
Affiliations
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
  • From the Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatric University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Published
2011-10
Volume
168
Issue
10
Pages
1099-1106
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
OpenAlex
W1971470948
Cited by
97
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, nitric oxide synthase, NOS1 gene, impulsivity, ventral striatum, reward processing, reward anticipation, genetic susceptibility, adult ADHD, brain compensation
MeSH terms
Adult, Alleles, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Female, Genotype, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Impulsive Behavior, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Phenotype, Tandem Repeat Sequences, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I

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