DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, part I: study design, sampling strategy, implementation, and analytic approaches
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the design,sampling strategy, implementation,and data analytic processes of the DSM-5 Field Trials. METHOD: The DSM-5 Field Trials were conducted by using a test-retest reliability design with a stratified sampling approach across six adult and four pediatric sites in the United States and one adult site in Canada. A stratified random sampling approach was used to enhance precision in the estimation of the reliability coefficients. A web-based research electronic data capture system was used for simultaneous data collection from patients and clinicians across sites and for centralized data management.Weighted descriptive analyses, intraclass kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients for stratified samples, and receiver operating curves were computed. The DSM-5 Field Trials capitalized on advances since DSM-III and DSM-IV in statistical measures of reliability (i.e., intraclass kappa for stratified samples) and other recently developed measures to determine confidence intervals around kappa estimates. RESULTS: Diagnostic interviews using DSM-5 criteria were conducted by 279 clinicians of varied disciplines who received training comparable to what would be available to any clinician after publication of DSM-5.Overall, 2,246 patients with various diagnoses and levels of comorbidity were enrolled,of which over 86% were seen for two diagnostic interviews. A range of reliability coefficients were observed for the categorical diagnoses and dimensional measures. CONCLUSIONS: Multisite field trials and training comparable to what would be available to any clinician after publication of DSM-5 provided “real-world” testing of DSM-5 proposed diagnoses.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Anxious depression may have a distinct neurobiology that separates it from nonanxious depression.
“Anxious depression may have a distinct neurobiology that separates it from nonanxious depression.”
From Patients with anxious depression: overview of prevalence, pathophysiology and impact on course and treatment outcome (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
Patients with anxious depression had a significantly attenuated adrenocorticotropic hormone response than patients with nonanxious depression and controls after intravenous corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge test, though samples were small.
“Anxious depression has also been related to HPA-axis dysregulations: patients with anxious depression had a significantly attenuated adrenocorticotropic hormone response than patients with nonanxious depression and controls after intravenous corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge test, though samples were small [17,68].”
From Patients with anxious depression: overview of prevalence, pathophysiology and impact on course and treatment outcome (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
Opposing patterns may relate to distinct approach-avoidance deficits in anxious versus nonanxious depression.
“Opposing patterns may relate to distinct approach-avoidance deficits in anxious versus nonanxious depression [17,83].”
From Patients with anxious depression: overview of prevalence, pathophysiology and impact on course and treatment outcome (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
Cites
Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010 · Cited by 51,384 · see citing works
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 · Cited by 23,433 · see citing works
Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use
Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (1989) · Cited by 9,595 · see citing works
Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients.
McGraw, K. O., & Wong, S. P. (1996) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.1.30 · Cited by 6,903 · see citing works
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. (1986) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/ss/1177013815 · Cited by 6,033 · see citing works
QUANTIFYING TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY USING THE INTRACLASS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT AND THE SEM
Weir, J. P. (2005) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/15184.1 · Cited by 4,864 · see citing works
Signal detection theory and ROC analysis
Egan, J. P. (1975) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 1,656 · see citing works
Distinguishing between the validity and utility of psychiatric diagnoses.
Kendell, R., & Jablensky, A. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.4 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kraemer, H. C., Kuramoto, S. J., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070999 · Cited by 1,163 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[15]).”
Self-citationBetter Decisions through Science
Swets, J. A., Dawes, R. M., & Monahan, J. C. (2000) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1000-82 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Kappa coefficients in medical research
KRAEMER, H. C., Periyakoil, V. S., & Noda, A. M. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1180 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationGrant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Hasin, D. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Ruan, W. J., & Huang, B. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n1001 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kuramoto, S. J., Kraemer, H. C., Kupfer, D. J., Greiner, L., & Regier, D. A. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12071000 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citationIs bipolar disorder still underdiagnosed? Are antidepressants overutilized?
Ghaemi, S. N., Sachs, G. S., M. Chiou, A., Pandurangi, A. K., & Goodwin, F. K. (1999) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(98)00076-7 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Long-term stability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition.
Watkins, M. W., & Smith, L. G. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0031653 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
DSM-5: How Reliable Is Reliable Enough?
KRAEMER, H. C., Kupfer, D. J., Clarke, D. E., Narrow, W. E., & Regier, D. A. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010050 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationPope, H. G., Lipinski, J. F., Cohen, B. M., & Axelrod, D. T. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.8.921 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Measurement of reliability for categorical data in medical research
KRAEMER, H. C. (1992) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/096228029200100204 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term stability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Third Edition.
Canivez, G. L., & Watkins, M. W. (1998) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.3.285 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Moving Toward DSM-5: The Field Trials
KRAEMER, H. C., Kupfer, D. J., Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., & Regier, D. A. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10070962 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationReliability of tests and measures used in the neuropsychological assessment of children
Brown, S. J., Rourke, B. P., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1989) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854048908401484 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kraemer, H. C., Kuramoto, S. J., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070999 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Self-citationThe DSM-5: Classification and criteria changes
Regier, D. A., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20050 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Self-citationNarrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kuramoto, S. J., Kraemer, H. C., Kupfer, D. J., Greiner, L., & Regier, D. A. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12071000 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citationThe DSM-5 diagnosis of nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: a review of the empirical literature
Zetterqvist, M. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0062-7 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Tolin, D. F., Gilliam, C., Wootton, B. M., Bowe, W., Bragdon, L. B., Davis, E., Hannan, S. E., Steinman, S. A., Worden, B., & Hallion, L. S. (2018) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116638410 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Minimal phenotyping yields genome-wide association signals of low specificity for major depression
MDD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Cai, N., Revez, J. A., Adams, M. J., Andlauer, T. F. M., Breen, G., Byrne, E. M., Clarke, T.-K., Forstner, A. J., Grabe, H. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0594-5 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Al-Dajani, N., Gralnick, T. M., & Bagby, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1107572 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
The Initial Field Trials of DSM-5: New Blooms and Old Thorns
Freedman, R., Lewis, D. A., Michels, R., Pine, D. S., Schultz, S. K., Tamminga, C. A., Gabbard, G. O., Gau, S. S.-F., Javitt, D. C., Oquendo, M. A., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12091189 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Revisiting the theoretical and methodological foundations of depression measurement
Fried, E. I., Flake, J. K., & Robinaugh, D. J. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00050-2 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Somatic symptom disorder: an important change in DSM
Dimsdale, J. E., Creed, F., Escobar, J., Sharpe, M., Wulsin, L., Barsky, A., Lee, S., Irwin, M. R., & Levenson, J. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.06.033 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Somatic symptom disorder: a scoping review on the empirical evidence of a new diagnosis
Löwe, B., Levenson, J., Depping, M., Hüsing, P., Kohlmann, S., Lehmann, M., Shedden-Mora, M., Toussaint, A., Uhlenbusch, N., & Weigel, A. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721004177 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Mowlem, F. D., Agnew‐Blais, J. C., Taylor, E. A., & Asherson, P. J. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.128 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Quilty, L. C., Ayearst, L. E., Chmielewski, M. S., Pollock, B. G., & Bagby, R. M. (2013) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191113486183 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The Cycle of Classification: DSM-I Through DSM-5
Blashfield, R. K., Keeley, J. W., Flanagan, E. H., & Miles, S. R. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153639 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Keeley, J. W., Reed, G. M., Roberts, M. C., Evans, S. C., Medina-Mora, M. E., Robles, R., Rebello, T., Sharan, P., Gureje, O., First, M. B., et al. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039972 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Elbir, M., Topbaş, Ö. A., Bayad, S., Kocabaş, T., Topak, O. Z., Çeti̇n, Ş., Özdel, O. İ., Ateşçi, F. Ç., & Aydemır, Ö. (2019) · Turkish Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5080/u23431 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Barriers to Implementing the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview: A Qualitative Study
Aggarwal, N. K., Nicasio, A. V., DeSilva, R., Boiler, M., & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2013) · Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-013-9325-z · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Gaspersz, R., Nawijn, L., Lamers, F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000376 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome: Ready for DSM-5.1?
Fusar‐Poli, P., Carpenter, W. T., Woods, S. W., & McGlashan, T. H. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153645 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Lewis-Fernández, R., Aggarwal, N. K., Lam, P. C., Galfalvy, H., Weiss, M. G., Kirmayer, L. J., Paralikar, V., Deshpande, S. N., Díaz, E., Nicasio, A. V., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.193862 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The relevance of ‘mixed anxiety and depression’ as a diagnostic category in clinical practice
Möller, H.-J., Bandelow, B., Volz, H.-P., Barnikol, U. B., Seifritz, E., & Kasper, S. (2016) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0684-7 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Reed, G. M., Sharan, P., Rebello, T. J., Keeley, J. W., Elena Medina‐Mora, M., Gureje, O., Luis Ayuso‐Mateos, J., Kanba, S., Khoury, B., Kogan, C. S., et al. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20524 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Compulsivity, impulsivity, and the DSM-5 process
Berlin, G. S., & Hollander, E. (2014) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852913000722 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
DSM-5 cross-cutting symptom measures: a step towards the future of psychiatric care?
Clarke, D. E., & Kuhl, E. A. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20154 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed.: DSM‐5
Sarmiento, C., & Lau, C. (2020) · The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1002/9781119547174.ch198 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Zimmermann, J., Benecke, C., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., Schauenburg, H., Cierpka, M., & Leising, D. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.852563 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Network models of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder: Implications for ICD-11
Mitchell, K. S., Wolf, E. J., Bovin, M. J., Lee, L. O., Green, J. D., Rosen, R. C., Keane, T. M., & Marx, B. P. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000252 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Assessing DSM–5 nonsuicidal self-injury disorder in a clinical sample.
Washburn, J. J., Potthoff, L. M., Juzwin, K. R., & Styer, D. M. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000021 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Smartphones and the Neuroscience of Mental Health
Gillan, C. M., & Rutledge, R. B. (2021) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-101220-014053 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The bipolar spectrum: Conceptions and misconceptions
Ghaemi, S. N., & Dalley, S. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413504830 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Lai, M.-C., Lin, H.-Y., & Ameis, S. H. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000770 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed.: DSM‐5
Sarmiento, C., & Lau, C. (2020) · The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1002/9781118970843.ch198 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Wolfe, F., Walitt, B. T., Katz, R. S., & Häuser, W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088740 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lipidomics in Major Depressive Disorder
Walther, A., Cannistraci, C. V., Simons, K., Durán, C., Gerl, M. J., Wehrli, S., & Kirschbaum, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00459 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in the DSM-5: Changes, Controversies, and Future Directions
Park, S., & Kim, Y. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_12 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
DSM-5 ASD Moves Forward into the Past
Tsai, L. Y., & Ghaziuddin, M. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1870-3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A systematic scoping review of diagnostic validity in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Strand, M., von Hausswolff‐Juhlin, Y., & Welch, E. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22962 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mohammadkhani, P., Forouzan, A. S., Hooshyari, Z., & Abasi, I. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.100930 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The ironic fate of the personality disorders in DSM-5.
Skodol, A. E., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., & Oldham, J. M. (2013) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000029 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Testing DSM-5 in Routine Clinical Practice Settings: Feasibility and Clinical Utility
Mościcki, E. K., Clarke, D. E., Kuramoto, S. J., KRAEMER, H. C., Narrow, W. E., Kupfer, D. J., & Regier, D. A. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300098 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationEpistemological Pluralism and Scientific Development: An Argument Against Authoritative Nosologies
Markon, K. E. (2013) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2013.27.5.554 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Woods, S. W., Walsh, B. C., Powers, A. R., & McGlashan, T. H. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17336-4_5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Jiang, Z., Seyedi, S. S., Griner, E. L., Abbasi, A., Rad, A. B., Kwon, H., Cotes, R. O., & Clifford, G. D. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3352075 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Validation of a Histologic Scoring Index for C3 Glomerulopathy
Caravaca‐Fontán, F., Trujillo, H., Alonso, M., Encarnación, M. M. D., Cabello, V., Ariceta, G., Quintana, L. F., Marco, H., Barros, X., Ramos-Terrades, N., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Reliability in Psychiatric Diagnosis with the DSM: Old Wine in New Barrels
Vanheule, S., Desmet, M., Meganck, R., Inslegers, R., Willemsen, J., Schryver, M. D., & Devisch, I. (2014) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000358809 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
LUPIEN, S. J., Sasseville, M., François, N., Giguère, C., Boissonneault, J., Plusquellec, P., Godbout, R., Xiong, L., Potvin, S., Kouassi, É., et al. (2017) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2017.1286324 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Causality in Psychiatry: A Hybrid Symptom Network Construct Model
Young, G. C. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00164 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Defining Psychosis: The Evolution of DSM-5 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Bhati, M. T. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0409-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Seeking an Objective Diagnosis of Depression
Bilello, J. A. (2016) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm-2016-0076 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Resting State Functional Connectivity Biomarkers of Treatment Response in Mood Disorders: A Review
Taylor, J. J., Kurt, H. G., & Anand, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.565136 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Christensen, T. B., Paap, M. C. S., Arnesen, M., Koritzinsky, K., Nysæter, T. E., Eikenæs, I. U.-M., Selvik, S. G., Walther, K., Torgersen, S. O., Bender, D. S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2018.1483377 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gilbert, M., Boecker, M., Reiss, F., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., Schlack, R., Westenhöfer, J., Döpfner, M., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2023) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01622-w · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Prioritization of Psychopathological Symptoms and Clinical Characterization in Psychiatric Diagnoses
Leucht, S., van Os, J., Jäger, M., & Davis, J. M. (2024) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2652 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Woods, S. W., Bearden, C. E., Sabb, F. W., Stone, W. S., Torous, J. B., Cornblatt, B. A., Perkins, D. O., Cadenhead, K. S., Addington, J., Powers, A. R., et al. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.020 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Walther, A., Grub, J., Ehlert, U., Wehrli, S., Rice, S., Seidler, Z. E., & Debelak, R. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100107 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Reliability of Clinical Diagnoses: State of the Art
Kraemer, H. C. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153739 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationOu, X., Crane, D., MacIntosh, B. J., Young, L. T., Arnold, P. D., Ameis, S. H., & Goldstein, B. I. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.022 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Importance of Considering Clinical Utility in the Construction of a Diagnostic Manual
Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N., Lengel, G. J., & DeShong, H. L. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-092954 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity of Proposed DSM-5 ADHD Symptoms in a Clinical Sample of Adults
Matte, B. C., Rohde, L. A., Turner, J. B., Fisher, P. W., Shen, S., Bau, C. H. D., Nigg, J. T., & Grevet, E. H. (2015) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.13060137 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rice, C. E., Carpenter, L. A., Morrier, M. J., Lord, C., DiRienzo, M., Boan, A. D., Skowyra, C., Fusco, A., Baio, J., Esler, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05377-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Genesis, modelling and methodological remedies to autism heterogeneity
Rabot, J., Rødgaard, E.-M., Joober, R., Dumas, G., Bzdok, D., Bernhardt, B., Jacquemont, S., & Mottron, L. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105201 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cultural Psychiatry, Medical Anthropology, and the DSM-5 Field Trials
Aggarwal, N. K. (2013) · Medical Anthropology · doi:10.1080/01459740.2013.776047 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The importance of developmental field trials in the revision of psychiatric classifications
First, M. B. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)00048-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Möller, H., Bandelow, B., Bauer, M., Hampel, H. J., Herpertz, S. C., Soyka, M., Barnikol, U. B., Lista, S., Severus, E., & Maier, W. (2014) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-014-0520-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bagby, R. M., & Sellbom, M. (2018) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2017.1420659 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Tolin, D. F., Sain, K. S., Davis, E., Gilliam, C. M., Hannan, S. E., Springer, K. S., Stubbing, J., George, J. R., Jean, A., Goldblum, R. S., et al. (2023) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911221143994 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Rowa, K., Waechter, S., Hood, H. K., & Antony, M. M. (2017) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781394258949.ch4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kimerling, R. E., Serpi, T., Weathers, F. W., Kilbourne, A. M., Kang, H. K., Collins, J. F., Cypel, Y., Frayne, S. M., Furey, J. A., Huang, G. D., et al. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21905 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Minimal phenotyping yields GWAS hits of reduced specificity for major depressionPreprint
Cai, N., Revez, J. A., Adams, M. J., Andlauer, T. F. M., Breen, G. D., Byrne, E. M., Clarke, T., Forstner, A. J., Grabe, H. J., Hamilton, S. P., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/440735 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Los trastornos bipolares en las nuevas clasificaciones: DSM-5 y CIE-11
de Dios, C., Goikolea, J. M., Colom, F., Moreno, C., & Vieta, E. (2014) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2014.07.005 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wamboldt, M. Z., Cordaro, A. R., & Clarke, D. E. (2015) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12123 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationThe DSM-5 Field Trials and Reliability of Alcohol Use Disorder
Hasin, D. S., Auriacombe, M., Borges, G. L. G., Bucholz, K. K., Budney, A. J., Crowley, T. J., Grant, B. F., O’Brien, C. P., Petry, N. M., Schuckit, M. A., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13010032 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Responses to the Publication of the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5
Kinderman, P., Allsopp, K., & Cooke, A. (2017) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167817698262 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
How well are DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD represented in standardized diagnostic instruments?
Evers, K., Maljaars, J., Carrington, S. J., Carter, A. S., Happe, F. G. E., Steyaert, J. G., Leekam, S., & Noens, I. L. J. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01481-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rapoport, I. L., & Groenman, A. P. (2025) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547251315601 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bipolar disorders in the new DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications
de Dios, C., Goikolea, J. M., Colom, F., Moreno, C., & Vieta, E. (2014) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2014.07.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Korwisi, B., Treede, R., Rief, W., & Barke, A. (2020) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000825 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Korwisi, B., Garrido‐Suárez, B. B., Goswami, S., Gunapati, N. R., Hay, G., Arteaga, M., Hill, C., Jones, D., Joshi, M., Kleinstäuber, M., et al. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002379 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Beyond Detection: Towards Actionable Sensing Research in Clinical Mental Healthcare
Adler, D. A., Yang, Y., Viranda, T., Xu, X., Mohr, D. C., Meter, A. V., Tartaglia, J., Jacobson, N. C., Wang, F., Estrin, D. L., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3699755 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Back to the future of psychopharmacology: A perspective on animal models in drug discovery
Hendriksen, H., & Groenink, L. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.020 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Normative and Maladaptive Personality Trait Models of Mood, Psychotic, and Substance Use Disorders
Heath, L. M., Drvaric, L., Hendershot, C. S., Quilty, L. C., & Bagby, R. M. (2018) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-018-9688-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Fung, L. K., & Hardan, A. Y. (2014) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2014.08.010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ivarsson, D., Delfin, C., Enebrink, P., & Wallinius, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1239066 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Scoping review update on somatic symptom disorder that includes additional Chinese data
Wu, H., Manglike, A., Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Fritzsche, K., & Lu, Z. (2023) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2022-100942 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
DSM-5 : Do Psychologists Really Want an Alternative?
Raskin, J. D., & Gayle, M. C. (2015) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167815577897 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
McGuire, F. H., Carl, A., Woodcock, L., Frey, L., Dake, E., Matthews, D. D., Russell, K., & Adkins, D. W. (2021) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2020.0478 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Abasi, I., Ghapanchi, A., Toussaint, A. C., Bitarafan, M., Zarabi, H., Derakhshan, F. S., Banihashem, S., Mohammadi, N., Ghasemzadeh, M. R., & Derakhshan, M. K. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.04.010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dimitri, D., Delia, G., Cavallo, F., Varini, M., & Fioretto, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1582502 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Jansson, L., & Nordgaard, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33249-9_2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Applications of machine learning to brain disorders
Scarpazza, C., Baecker, L., Vieira, S., & Mechelli, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815739-8.00003-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The consequences of DSM-5 for psychiatric diagnosis and psychopharmacotherapy
Möller, H. (2014) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.3109/13651501.2014.890228 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kogan, C. S., & Paterniti, S. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743717717253 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Coury, D. L., Swedo, S. E., Thurm, A. E., Miller, D. T., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., Carbone, P. S., & Taylor, J. L. (2014) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.12.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dereboy, F., Dereboy, Ç., & Eskin, M. (2018) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2018.1423989 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Labelle, R. J., Breton, J., Berthiaume, C., Royer, C., Raymond, S., Cournoyer, M., Balan, B., Zaloum, T., Serres, A. B.-D., Gauvin, G., et al. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Daigneault, A., Duclos, C., Saury, S., Paquet, J., Dumont, D., & Beaulieu, S. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.057 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Widiger, T. A., & Crego, C. (2015) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.035314 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Abasi, I., Hofmann, S. G., Kamjou, S., Moradveisi, L., Motlagh, A. V., Wolf, A. S., Sobhani, S., & Saed, O. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02191-8 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens for depression and related disorders
Hoyer, D. (2025) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.70088 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Maladaptive personality traits in patients identified at lower-risk and higher-risk for psychosis
Drvaric, L., Bagby, R. M., Michael Kiang, A., & Mizrahi, R. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Clarke, D. E., Narrow, W. E., Regier, D. A., Kuramoto, S. J., Kupfer, D. J., Kuhl, E. A., Greiner, L., & Kraemer, H. C.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-58
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2103393020
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21
- FWCI
- 26.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- DSM-5, field trials, diagnostic reliability, test-retest reliability, stratified sampling, intraclass correlation coefficient, diagnostic interview, clinician training, psychiatric diagnosis, multi-site study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Child, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Humans, Psychometrics, Research Design, Sampling Studies, Statistics as Topic, United States, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Selection Bias, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
