Computer-assisted delivery of cognitive-behavioral therapy: Efficacy and durability of CBT4CBT among cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: A previous pilot trial evaluating computer-based training for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) in 77 heterogeneous substance users (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids) demonstrated preliminary support for its efficacy in the context of a community-based outpatient clinic. The authors conducted a more definitive trial in a larger, more homogeneous sample. METHOD: In this randomized clinical trial, 101 cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone were randomly assigned to standard methadone maintenance or methadone maintenance with weekly access to CBT4CBT, with seven modules delivered within an 8-week trial. RESULTS: Treatment retention and data availability were high and comparable across the treatment conditions. Participants assigned to the CBT4CBT condition were significantly more likely to attain 3 or more consecutive weeks of abstinence from cocaine (36% compared with 17%; p<0.05, odds ratio=0.36). The group assigned to CBT4CBT also had better outcomes on most dimensions, including urine specimens negative for all drugs, but these reached statistical significance only for individuals completing the 8-week trial (N=69). Follow-up data collected 6 months after treatment termination were available for 93% of the randomized sample; these data indicate continued improvement for those assigned to the CBT4CBT group, replicating previous findings regarding its durability. CONCLUSIONS: This trial replicates earlier findings indicating that CBT4CBT is an effective adjunct to addiction treatment with durable effects. CBT4CBT is an easily disseminable strategy for broadening the availability of CBT, even in challenging populations such as cocaine-dependent individuals enrolled in methadone maintenance programs.
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- Authors
- Carroll, K. M., Kiluk, B. D., Nich, C., Gordon, M. A., Portnoy, G. A., Marino, D. R., & Ball, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
- Corresponding author
- Carroll, Kathleen M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 436-444
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC4042674
- OpenAlex
- W2166556467
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 13.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R37DA015969, P50DA009241, R01DA015969, P50-DA-0-9241)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- cocaine dependence, methadone maintenance treatment, opioid use disorder, cocaine abstinence, treatment retention, treatment durability, adjunctive psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Narcotics, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Cocaine-Related Disorders
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