Cited by 104Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesDigital Mental Health InterventionsOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

Internet interventions for adult illicit substance users: a meta‐analysis

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Boumparis, Nikolaos, Karyotaki, Eirini, Schaub, Michael P., Cuijpers, Pim, Riper, Heleen·2017·Addiction

Abstract

Background and Aims: Research has shown that internet interventions can be effective for dependent users of various substances. However, less is known about the effects of these interventions on users of opioids, cocaine and amphetamines than for other substances. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of internet interventions in decreasing the usage of these types of substances. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in the databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of internet interventions compared with control conditions in reducing the use of opioids, cocaine and amphetamines. No setting restrictions were applied. The risk of bias of the included studies was examined according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. The primary outcome was substance use reduction assessed through toxicology screening, self‐report or both at post‐treatment and at the follow‐up assessment. Results: Seventeen studies with 2836 adult illicit substance users were included. The risk of bias varied across the included studies. Internet interventions decreased significantly opioid [four studies, n = 606, g = 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20–0.53, P < 0.001] and any illicit substance use (nine studies, n = 1749, g = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.24–0.45, P < 0.001) at post‐treatment. Conversely, the effect of internet intervention for stimulant users was small and non‐significant (four studies, n = 481, P = 0.164). Overall, internet interventions decreased substance significantly use at post‐treatment (17 studies, n = 2836, g = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.23–0.39, P < 0.001) and at the follow‐up assessments (nine studies, n = 1906, g = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.07–0.37; P = 0.003). Conclusions: Internet interventions demonstrate small but significant effects in decreasing substance use among various target populations at post‐treatment and at the follow‐up assessment. However, given the small number of available studies for certain substances, the findings should be interpreted with caution.

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  1. [7]Wood E., Kerr T., Spittal P. M., Tyndall M. W., O'Shaughnessy M. V., Schechter M. T. The health care and fiscal costs of the illicit drug use epidemic: the impact of conventional drug control strategies. B C Med J 2003; 45: 128– 134.

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Authors
Boumparis, N., Karyotaki, E., Schaub, M. P., Cuijpers, P., & Riper, H.
Affiliations
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author
Boumparis, Nikolaos
Venue
Addiction
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017-04-25
Volume
112
Issue
9
Pages
1521-1532
ISSN
  • 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
  • 1360-0443
OpenAlex
W2592933459
Cited by
104
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4
FWCI
1.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Addiction (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords
online intervention, online therapy, illicit drug use, opioid use disorder, cocaine use, amphetamine use, stimulant use, substance use reduction
MeSH terms
Humans, Illicit Drugs, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Substance-Related Disorders, Internet, Drug Users

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