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Cited by 164Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesDigital Mental Health InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Enduring effects of a computer-assisted training program for cognitive behavioral therapy: A 6-month follow-up of CBT4CBT

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Carroll, Kathleen M., Ball, Samuel A., Martino, Steve, Nich, Charla, Babuscio, Theresa A., Rounsaville, Bruce J.·2009·Drug and Alcohol Dependence
DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.015PMC PMC2742309
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Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the durability of effects of a computer-assisted version of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as treatment for substance dependence through a 6-month follow-up.Methods Following a randomized clinical trial in which 73 individuals seeking outpatient treatment for substance dependence in an outpatient community setting were randomized to either standard treatment-as-usual (TAU) or TAU with 8 weeks of biweekly access to computer-based training for CBT (CBT4CBT), participants were interviewed 1, 3, and 6 months after the termination of study treatments.Results Sixty of the 73 participants were reached for follow-up (82%); follow-up rates and availability of data were comparable across treatment conditions. Random regression analyses of use across time indicated significant differences between groups, such that those assigned to TAU increased their drug use across time while those assigned to CBT4CBT tended to improve slightly. The durability of the CBT4CBT effect remained even after controlling for treatment retention, treatment substance use outcomes, and exposure to other treatment during the follow-up period.Conclusions Computerized CBT4CBT appears to have both short-term and enduring effects on drug use.

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  • Studies found significant reductions in substance use and improved treatment retention with CBT4CBT relative to in-person CBT.

    “studies have found significant reductions in substance use and improved retention in treatment using CBT4CBT relative to in-person CBT.81,83”

    From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [83]

    The Introduction reports longer abstinence and fewer drug-positive urine specimens with CBT4CBT added to treatment as usual, and the Abstract Results report a significant difference in drug-use trends. But Methods §2.1 identifies the comparator as treatment as usual, not in-person CBT; the paper discusses retention as a predictor of later drug-use outcomes, not as an outcome improved by CBT4CBT. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • CBT4CBT has been shown effective as a standalone treatment in a few studies, but evidence is insufficient to recommend it as standalone.

    “CBT4CBT has been shown to be effective as a standalone treatment in a few studies, but this is insufficient evidence to recommend it as a standalone treatment.81,83,92”

    From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [83]

    The Introduction reports efficacy for CBT4CBT as an adjunct to standard outpatient treatment, and the Methods state that every participant received standard treatment. The Discussion reports enduring benefit for that adjunctive use. The paper does not establish efficacy as a standalone treatment in a few studies or make a recommendation about standalone use. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • CBT4CBT and TES appear to improve stimulant use outcomes when added to other behavioral interventions, but effects are not always durable.

    “CBT4CBT and TES appear to improve stimulant use outcomes when added to other behavioral interventions; however, these effects are not always durable.82,83”

    From The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [83]

    The Introduction and Methods describe CBT4CBT as an adjunct to standard outpatient treatment in a mixed substance-dependent sample, and the Results report improved drug-use outcomes. The paper does not establish a stimulant-specific effect or evaluate TES. Its Discussion reports CBT4CBT benefits lasting up to six months, so this source does not support a lack of durability for CBT4CBT. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Carroll, K. M., Ball, S. A., Martino, S., Nich, C., Babuscio, T. A., & Rounsaville, B. J.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Carroll, Kathleen M.
ORCID
Venue
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-02
Volume
100
Issue
1-2
Pages
178-181
ISSN
0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.015
PMC
PMC2742309
OpenAlex
W2094369744
Cited by
164
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 3
FWCI
5.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Yale University
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (K05-DA00457, K05DA000089, R37DA015969, K05DA00089, P50DA009241, K05DA000457, R01DA019078, R01DA015969, P50-DA-0-9241)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
substance dependence, drug use, treatment retention, treatment durability, outpatient addiction treatment, computer-based training
MeSH terms
Ambulatory Care, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders

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