Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment With Adult Alcohol and Illicit Drug Users: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis examined 53 controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for adults diagnosed with alcohol- or illicit-drug-use disorders. The aims were to provide an overall picture of CBT treatment efficacy and to identify client or treatment factors predictive of CBT effect magnitude. METHOD: The inverse variance weighted effect size (Hedges' g) was calculated for each study and pooled using fixed and random effects methods. Potential study-level moderators were assessed in subgroup analyses by primary drug, type of CBT, and type of comparison condition. In addition, seven client and treatment variables were examined in meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: Across studies, CBT produced a small but statistically significant treatment effect (g = 0.154, p < .005). The pooled effect was somewhat lower at 6-9 months (g = 0.1 15, p < .005) and continued to diminish at 12-month follow-up (g = 0.096, p < .05). The effect of CBT was largest in marijuana studies (g = 0.513, p < .005) and in studies with a no-treatment control as the comparison condition (g = 0.796, p < .005). Meta-regression analyses indicated that the percentage of female participants was positively associated and the number of treatment sessions was negatively associated with effect size. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the utility of CBT across a large and diverse sample of studies and under rigorous conditions for establishing efficacy. CBT effects were strongest with marijuana users, when CBT was compared with no treatment, and may be larger with women than with men and when delivered in a brief format.
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Some patients are resistant to CBTs and its effectiveness decreases in the long term.
“However, some patients are resistant to CBTs and its effectiveness decreases in the long term.4”
From Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention program in a naturalistic setting among treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder: A prospective observational study (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
The Discussion (page not supplied) says CBT treatment effects for adult alcohol and illicit-drug-use disorders diminished at follow-up, particularly at 12 months. Our copy does not establish that some patients are resistant to CBT; searches for treatment resistance and related terms found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMagill and Ray found CBT was most effective for individuals with marijuana use disorders.
“Magill and Ray [41] found that CBT was most effective for individuals with marijuana use disorders.”
From Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
Magill and Ray's meta-analysis of 53 controlled trials of CBT for substance use disorders concluded that 58% of individuals who received CBT had better outcomes than those in comparison conditions.
“the authors concluded that 58% of individuals who received CBT had better outcomes than those in comparison conditions.”
From Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
CBT is widely known as being effective for a range of conditions, including cessation of smoking and other drugs, managing pain, and relieving symptoms of mental ill-health across a range of psychological disorders.
“It is widely known as being effective for a range of conditions, including cessation of smoking [57] and other drugs [58], managing pain [59], and relieving symptoms of mental ill-health across a range of psychological disorders [56].”
From Apps with maps-anxiety and depression mobile apps with evidence-based frameworks: Systematic search of major app stores (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
There is evidence supporting the efficacy of CBTs in the treatment of addictions.
“There is evidence supporting the efficacy of CBTs in the treatment of addictions.4”
Several psychosocial interventions have shown their efficacy for treating drug, alcohol, and gambling disorders.
“Even though several psychosocial interventions have shown their efficacy for treating drug, alcohol (Dutra et al., 2008; Magill and Ray, 2009), and gambling disorders (Pallesen et al., 2005; Gooding and Tarrier, 2009), help-seeking rates are low.”
From Online and Mobile Interventions for Problem Gambling, Alcohol, and Drugs: A Systematic Review (2017) · cites this paper as Magill and Ray, 2009
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Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Saha, T. D., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., Huang, B., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584 · Cited by 2,556 · see citing works
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders
McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.012 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
“Evidence for the efficacy of CBT for SUDs is supported in meta-analytic reviews, with effect size estimations in the low moderate range using heterogeneous comparison conditions(4) and large effect sizes compared with no-treatment control groups.(5)”
InfluentialPachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Rendina, H. J., Safren, S. A., & Parsons, J. T. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000037 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Advances in the science and treatment of alcohol use disorder
Witkiewitz, K. A., Litten, R. Z., & Leggio, L. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax4043 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder
Connor, J. P., Stjepanović, D., Le Foll, B., Hoch, E., Budney, A. J., & Hall, W. D. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00247-4 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., & Blanco, C. (2023) · World psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21073 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors
Hendershot, C. S., Witkiewitz, K., George, W. H., & Marlatt, G. A. (2011) · Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy · doi:10.1186/1747-597x-6-17 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
“Hutchison KE, Ray L, Sandman E, Rutter MC, Peters A, Davidson D, Swift R: The effect of olanzapine on craving and alcohol consumption.”
ResultInfluentialConnor, J. P., Haber, P. S., & Hall, W. D. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00122-1 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Huhn, M., Tardy, M., Spineli, L. M., Kissling, W., Förstl, H., Pitschel-Walz, G., Leucht, C., Samara, M., Dold, M., Davis, J. M., et al. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.112 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Magill, M., Ray, L., Kiluk, B., Hoadley, A., Bernstein, M., Tonigan, J. S., & Carroll, K. (2019) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000447 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
“A decade later, Magill and Ray (2009) followed up this work with a meta-analysis of 53 experimental CBT studies, reporting a similar overall effect size (g .15, p .005), although findings related to superior effects with alcohol use disorder were not replicated.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGarland, E. L., Froeliger, B., Zeidan, F., Partin, K., & Howard, M. O. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.08.006 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Ray, L. A., Meredith, L. R., Kiluk, B. D., Walthers, J., Carroll, K. M., & Magill, M. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8279 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
“Otto et al,55 2014 78 CBT for interoceptive cues (15) Cocaine collaborative individual drug counseling Methadone Opioid Percentage with negative urine screen Low −0.”
BackgroundSelf-citationInternet-delivered treatment for substance abuse: a multisite randomized controlled trial
Campbell, A. N. C., Nunes, E. V., Matthews, A. G., Stitzer, M., Miele, G. M., Polsky, D., Turrigiano, E., Walters, S., McClure, E. A., Kyle, T. L., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13081055 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
“In contrast, some (36), although not all (37), studies of CBT for addictions have observed that the benefits of the intervention actually increased after treatment, suggesting, as one would hope, that the patients learned skills that they continue to practice and benefit from over time.”
Rehm, J. T., Shield, K. D., Gmel, G. E., Rehm, M. X., & Frick, U. (2012) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.08.001 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
“There are effective treatment options for this condition, leading either to abstinence, or to a reduction in heavy drinking days and overall consumption (Magill and Ray, 2009; Rösner et al., 2010a, 2010b; Smedslund et al., 2011).”
Witkiewitz, K., & Vowles, K. E. (2018) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13594 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
“With respect to behavioral interventions for AUD, effective options include cognitive–behavioral and coping skill treatments (Magill and Ray, 2009; Powers et al., 2008), motivational interviewing and related brief interventions (Miller and Wilbourne, 2002), 12-step facilitation (Project MATCH…”
InfluentialCarroll, K. M., & Kiluk, B. D. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000311 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
“Statistical transformations to a ‘success percentage’ indicated 58% of patients receiving CBT fared better than those in the comparison condition (Magill & Ray, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuroscience of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Addictions
Potenza, M. N., Sofuoglu, M., Carroll, K. M., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.009 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
“…(CBTs), which seek to help the individual recognize behavioral patterns and cognitions that maintain substance use and to learn and then implement skills and strategies to change those patterns and interrupt substance use (Dutra et al., 2008,Irvin et al., 1999,Magill and Ray, 2009,Tolin, 2010).”
Exercise rehabilitation for smartphone addiction
Kim, H. (2013) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.130080 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Treatment of alcohol use disorders in patients with alcoholic liver disease
Addolorato, G., Mirijello, A., Barrio, P., & Gual, A. (2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.029 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“Cognitive behavior therapy [42] is a structured goal-directed form of psychotherapy in which patients learn how their thought processes contribute to their behavior.”
BackgroundSundell, K., Beelmann, A., Hasson, H., & von Thiele Schwarz, U. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1020540 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Canetto, S. S., & Chen, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.042 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Carroll, K. M., Kiluk, B. D., Nich, C., Gordon, M. A., Portnoy, G. A., Marino, D. R., & Ball, S. A. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070987 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“Given the established ef fi cacy of clinician-delivered CBT across a range of addictions (2, 3) and the very limited availability of empirically validated therapies in many community-based settings, CBT4CBT was evaluated in terms of how it is most likely be used in these settings, that is, as a…”
BackgroundKhan, A., Tansel, A., White, D. L., Kayani, W. T., Bano, S., Lindsay, J., El-Serag, H. B., & Kanwal, F. (2016) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.047 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Bresin, K., & Mekawi, Y. (2020) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14518 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Noninvasive brain stimulation treatments for addiction and major depression
Dunlop, K., Hanlon, C. A., & Downar, J. (2017) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12985 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Making the hard work of recovery more attractive for those with substance use disorders
McKay, J. R. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13502 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The forest and the trees: relational and specific factors in addiction treatment
Miller, W. R., & Moyers, T. B. (2014) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12693 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“[1,7,8]).”
BackgroundBaker, A., Thornton, L. K., Hiles, S. A., Hides, L. M., & Lubman, D. I. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.004 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“Meta-analyses examining randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for adult unipolar depression, anxiety or alcohol disorders have found that CBT is superior towaitlist anduntreated controls, aswell as pharmacotherapy (Dobson, 1989; Gloaguen, 1989; Hofmann and Smits, 2008;Magill and Ray,…”
Cue exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorders: a meta-analytic review
Mellentin, A. I., Skøt, L., Nielsen, B., Schippers, G. M., Nielsen, A. S., Stenager, E., & Juhl, C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“This finding is not surprizing given that there is ample evidence to suggest that CBT is an effective treatment for AUD, and there is more uncertainty about the use of RMT (Berglund et al., 2003; Health, Health, & Excellence, 2011a; Magill & Ray, 2009; Miller &Wilbourne, 2002).”
BackgroundPrevention, screening, and treatment for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder
Knox, J., Hasin, D. S., Larson, F. R. R., & Kranzler, H. R. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30213-5 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Food Addiction: Implications for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Overeating
Adams, R. C., Sedgmond, J., Maizey, L., Chambers, C., & Lawrence, N. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11092086 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Witkiewitz, K., Warner, K., Sully, B., Barricks, A., Stauffer, C., Thompson, B. L., & Luoma, J. B. (2014) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.856922 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“Meta-analyses of RP and interventions based on the Coping Skills Training Guide have generally found small, but statistically significant, treatment effects (Irvin, Bowers, Dunn, &Wang, 1999; Magill & Ray, 2009).”
MethodState-of-the-art behavioral and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder
Ray, L. A., Bujarski, S., Grodin, E. N., Hartwell, E. E., Green, R., Venegas, A., Lim, A. C., Gillis, A. J., & Miotto, K. A. (2018) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1528265 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“dies, reviews, and meta-analyses corroborate the efficacy of CBT for treating AUD (33–35), although there are larger effect sizes for other substances of abuse compared to alcohol (34,36).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMann, K. F., Roos, C. R., Hoffmann, S., Nakovics, H., Leménager, T., Heinz, A., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.282 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Alcohol dependence (AD) creates enormous suffering (World Health Organization, 2009), yet the effect sizes for behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapies targeting AD are small to medium (van den Brink et al, 2013; Jonas et al, 2014; Magill and Ray, 2009; O’Malley et al, 1996).”
Cognitive Processing Therapy for veterans with comorbid PTSD and alcohol use disorders
Kaysen, D. L., Schumm, J. A., Pedersen, E. R., Seim, R. W., Bedard‐Gilligan, M. A., & Chard, K. M. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.016 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral therapy: A meta-analysis of race and substance use outcomes.
Windsor, L. C., Jemal, A., & Alessi, E. J. (2014) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037929 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“In the first meta-analysis (N 53), Magill and Ray (2009) provide a broad view of CBT efficacy for adults diagnosed with alcohol or drug abuse/dependence and found a small overall pooled CBT effect, g .14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .09 to .19).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYonkers, K. A., Forray, A., Howell, H. B., Gotman, N., Kershaw, T., Rounsaville, B. J., & Carroll, K. M. (2012) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.002 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“The lack of superiority of MET-CBT relative to brief advice may be surprising given evidence in support of the efficacy of both MET [56] and CBT [57].”
ResultPapas, R. K., Sidle, J. E., Gakinya, B. N., Baliddawa, J. B., Martino, S., Mwaniki, M. M., Songole, R., Omolo, O. E., Kamanda, A. M., Ayuku, D. O., et al. (2011) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03518.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“It was also supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and by P50DA09241.”
ResultInfluentialSex and Gender Effects in Recovery From Alcohol Use Disorder
Holzhauer, C. G. (2020) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v40.3.03 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
New Australian guidelines for the treatment of alcohol problems: an overview of recommendations
Haber, P., Riordan, B. C., Winter, D. T., Barrett, L., Saunders, J., Hides, L. M., Gullo, M. J., Manning, V., Day, C., Bonomo, Y. A., et al. (2021) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.51254 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
What Works in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs for Offenders?
Bahr, S. J., Masters, A. L., & Taylor, B. M. (2012) · The Prison Journal · doi:10.1177/0032885512438836 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“In addition, two recent meta-analyses confirmed that CBT is an effective treatment for substance dependence (Dutra et al., 2008; Magill & Ray, 2009).”
BackgroundGender Differences in Use of Alcohol Treatment Services and Reasons for Nonuse in a National Sample
Gilbert, P. A., Pro, G. C., Zemore, S. E., Mulia, N., & Brown, G. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13965 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“A NUMBER OF treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUD) are available and effective, including specialty psychosocial and behavioral interventions (Magill and Ray, 2009; Witkiewitz and Marlatt, 2011), screening and brief interventions (Kaner et al.”
Internet interventions for adult illicit substance users: a meta‐analysis
Boumparis, N., Karyotaki, E., Schaub, M. P., Cuijpers, P., & Riper, H. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13819 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“The utilized outcomes to determine superiority of a condition varied substantially, and although this variation of outcomes has been noted by previous studies [11,12,64] little effort has been taken place to overcome this challenge.”
MethodGlynn, T. R., & van den Berg, J. J. (2017) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2016.0037 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Ginley, M. K., Pfund, R. A., Rash, C. J., & Zajac, K. (2021) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000552 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
DiMartini, A., Leggio, L., & Singal, A. K. (2022) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00191-6 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Development of a Psychotherapeutic Model for Psilocybin-Assisted Treatment of Alcoholism
Bogenschutz, M. P., & Forcehimes, A. A. (2016) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167816673493 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“…for addictions appear to be adaptable for use in the context of hallucinogen-assisted treatment, including cognitive behavioral approaches (Magill & Ray, 2009), 12-step facilitation (Project MATCH Research Group, 1997, 1998a; Tonigan & Bogenschutz, 2008), motivational interviewing/ MET…”
MethodKorotana, L. M., Dobson, K. S., Pusch, D., & Josephson, T. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.007 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Marshall, J. M., Dunstan, D. A., & Bartik, W. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/16525 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“It is widely known as being effective for a range of conditions, including cessation of smoking [57] and other drugs [58], managing pain [59], and relieving symptoms of mental ill-health across a range of psychological disorders [56].”
BackgroundMartin, G. W., & Rehm, J. T. (2012) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371205700604 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Magill, M., Kiluk, B. D., McCrady, B. S., Tonigan, J. S., & Longabaugh, R. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12848 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“…WE’VE LEARNED IN THE PAST 10 YEARS AND WHAT’S STILL MISSING Brian D. Kiluk Background—CBT has considerable empirical support for its efficacy at reducing alcohol use (Magill and Ray, 2009; Miller et al., 1995; Miller and Wilbourne, 2002; Project MATCH Research Group, 1998; Roth and Fonagy, 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCoco, G. L., Melchiori, F. M., Oieni, V., Infurna, M. R., Strauss, B. M., Schwartze, D., Rosendahl, J., & Gullo, S. (2019) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2019.01.016 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Soyka, M., Kranzler, H. R., HESSELBROCK, V. M., Kasper, S. F., Mutschler, J., Möller, H., & The WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Substance Use Disorders (2016) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1246752 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Easton, C. J., Crane, C. A., & Mandel, D. (2017) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12260 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of alcoholism – an update on approved and off-label medications
Soyka, M., & Müller, C. A. (2017) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2017.1349098 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“and other substance use disorders compared with no treatment or control conditions [49].”
BackgroundIncubation of neural alcohol cue reactivity after withdrawal and its blockade by naltrexone
Bach, P., Weil, G., Pompili, E., Hoffmann, S., Hermann, D., Vollstädt‐Klein, S., Mann, K. F., Pérez‐Ramírez, Ú., Moratal, D., Canals, S., et al. (2019) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12717 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Edwards, S., Vendruscolo, L. F., Gilpin, N. W., Wojnar, M., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14260 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Magill, M., Tonigan, J. S., Kiluk, B. D., Ray, L. A., Walthers, J., & Carroll, K. M. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103648 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationGonzález-Menéndez, A., Fernández, P., Rodríguez, F., & Villagrá, P. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/s1697-2600(14)70033-x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“In fact, Magill & Ray (2009) have documented a progressive loss of the therapeutic gains from the 6- to 12- month follow-up in the treatment of addictive behaviors with CBT. Contrarily, two studies have found a longer-term effect of ACT compared to CBT.”
BackgroundSaxton, J., Rodda, S. N., Booth, N., Merkouris, S., & Dowling, N. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248262 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
How effective is continuing care for substance use disorders? A meta-analytic review
Blodgett, J., Maisel, N., Fuh, I. L., Wilbourne, P., & Finney, J. (2013) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.08.022 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“However, onemetaanalysis found that the effect was small when CBT was compared to another active treatment (Magill & Ray, 2009).”
Technology-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Use: A Meta-Analysis
Kiluk, B. D., Ray, L., Walthers, J., Bernstein, M. H., Tonigan, J., & Magill, M. (2019) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14189 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Standard CBT interventions evaluated in randomized controlled trials for alcohol use typically include 8 to 12 sessions of weekly face-to-face individual or group psychotherapy; the average number of sessions from alcohol studies included in the latest meta-analysis of CBT was 12 (Magill and Ray, 2009).”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationMetacognitive Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Case Series
Caselli, G., Martino, F., Spada, M. M., & Adrian Wells, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02619 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Common and distinct neural targets of treatment: Changing brain function in substance addiction
Konova, A. B., Moeller, S. J., & Goldstein, R. Z. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“, self-regulation strategies, exposure therapy) (Dutra et al., 2008; Magill and Ray, 2009).”
Kapitány‐Fövény, M., Vagdalt, E., Ruttkay, Z., Urbán, R., Richman, M. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2018) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/games.9944 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“The effectiveness of individual psychotherapy and primarily cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of SUD was supported by the results of numerous meta-analyses [30,31].”
ResultBoden, M. T., & Hoggatt, K. J. (2018) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2018.79.853 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“SUD treatment has been shown to be effective for various SUD (Dutra et al., 2008; Magill & Ray, 2009), and although veterans have higher apparent treatment rates, perhaps because of access to VHA (VHA, 2012), it is imperative that we increase access to and understanding of the benefits of SUD…”
BackgroundBrooks, S. J., Wiemerslage, L., Burch, K. H., Maiorana, S. A., Cocolas, E., Schiöth, H. B., Kamaloodien, K., & Stein, D. J. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4597-6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Currently, standard psychological interventions for SUD are founded in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which target affect, behaviour and cognitions (A-B-C) pertaining to perceptions about self, the world and others (Magill and Ray 2009).”
Individual versus group female-specific cognitive behavior therapy for alcohol use disorder
Epstein, E. E., McCrady, B. S., Hallgren, K. A., Gaba, A., Cook, S., Jensen, N., Hildebrandt, T., Holzhauer, C. G., & Litt, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.02.003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The effects of drinking goal on treatment outcome for alcoholism.
Bujarski, S., O’Malley, S. S., Lunny, K. F., & Ray, L. A. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030886 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“A recent metaanalysis of CBT for substance use disorders found support for a modest benefit of CBT over treatment as usual (Magill & Ray, 2009).”
Self-citationCarroll, K. M. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12501 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Tudor-Sfetea, C., Rabee, R., Najim, M., Amin, N., Chadha, M., Jain, M., Karia, K., Kothari, V., Patel, T., Suseeharan, M., et al. (2018) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.9405 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Importantly, with nearly three-fourths of current smokers reporting that they wanted to give up smoking [21], CBT has also shown to be effective in smoking cessation [22,23].”
BackgroundCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Case Series and Review of Previous Reports
Nicolson, S. E., Denysenko, L., Mulcare, J. L., Vito, J., & Chabon, B. (2012) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2012.01.003 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Maffei, C., Cavicchioli, M., Movalli, M., Cavallaro, R., & Fossati, A. (2018) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1480035 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“…studies and meta-analytic reviews investigating the efficacy of alcohol dependence treatments based on different approaches (Brady & Randall, 1999; Lev-Ran, Le Strat, Imtiaz, Rehm, & Le Foll, 2013; Magill & Ray, 2009; Mann, Lehert, & Morgan, 2004; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004; Palpacuer et al., 2015).”
MethodLeeman, R. F., Robinson, C. D., Waters, A. J., & Sofuoglu, M. (2014) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0037806 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sundell, K., Ferrer‐Wreder, L., & Fräser, M. W. (2013) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278712469813 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“In addition, effect sizes tend to be larger in studies with passive control conditions, such as a wait-list control or placebo, compared to active control conditions such as TAU (Baldwin, Christian, Berkeljon, & Shadish, 2012; Grissom, 1996; Magill & Ray, 2009; Shadish, 2011).”
BackgroundThe Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kane, J. C., Skavenski Van Wyk, S., Murray, S. M., Bolton, P., Melendez, F., Danielson, C. K., Chimponda, P., Munthali, S., & Murray, L. K. (2017) · Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2017.10 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Evidence from numerous large-scale trials and reviews support the efficacy of CBT for alcohol and drug use disorders (Dutra et al. 2008; Magill & Ray, 2009).”
BackgroundMechanisms of Change in Adolescent Substance Use Treatment: How Does Treatment Work?
Black, J. J., & Chung, T. A. (2014) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.925029 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Overall, clinical trials comparing distinct types of treatment in adolescent and adult substance users have found small to moderate effects in reducing substance use, with no specific “brand” of treatment emerging as superior to another.(4,11) Shift from Treatment Outcome Research to Studying MOC”
BackgroundCooper, K. L., Chatters, R., Kaltenthaler, E., & Wong, R. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19560 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Magill et al.(25) analysed 52 studies assessing the use of CBT (plus pharmacological treatments in a number of studies) on a range of substance dependences (including alcohol, cannabis, opiates and cocaine), reporting a small effect on the reduction of substance use for those studies reporting relevant outcomes (34 st…”
BackgroundLee, B. P., Witkiewitz, K. A., Mellinger, J. L., Anania, F. A., Bataller, R. A., Cotter, T. G., Curtis, B. L., Dasarathy, S., DeMartini, K. S., Diamond, I., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00936-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
mHealth app for cannabis users: satisfaction and perceived usefulness
Monney, G., Penzenstadler, L., Dupraz, O., Etter, J.-F., & Khazaal, Y. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00120 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Considering Heroin-Assisted Treatment and Supervised Drug Consumption Sites in the United States
Kilmer, B., Taylor, J., Caulkins, J. P., Mueller, P. A., Ober, A. J., Pardo, B., Smart, R., Strang, L., & Reuter, P. (2018) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr2693 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Meta-review on the efficacy of psychological therapies for the treatment of substance use disorders
Dellazizzo, L., Potvin, S., Giguère, S., Landry, C., Léveillé, N., & Dumais, A. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115318 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Tran, B. X., Moir, M., Latkin, C. A., Hall, B. J., Nguyen, C. T., Ha, G. H., Nguyen, N. B., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. (2019) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-019-0204-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Online and Mobile Interventions for Problem Gambling, Alcohol, and Drugs: A Systematic Review
Giroux, I., Goulet, A., Mercier, J., Jacques, C., & Bouchard, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00954 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Even though several psychosocial interventions have shown their efficacy for treating drug, alcohol (Dutra et al., 2008; Magill and Ray, 2009), and gambling disorders (Pallesen et al., 2005; Gooding and Tarrier, 2009), help-seeking rates are low.”
BackgroundHarris, A. H. S., Bowe, T. R., Hagedorn, H., Nevedal, A., Finlay, A. K., Gidwani, R. A., Rosen, C. S., Kay, C. L., & Christopher, M. L. D. (2016) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-016-0063-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Background Both psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD; formerly abuse and dependence) have been found to be effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning in diverse patient populations [1–5].”
BackgroundMagill, M., Kiluk, B. D., & Ray, L. A. (2023) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s362864 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“21 The added psychosocial treatments included MI and CM.”
Self-citationThe effects of residential dual diagnosis treatment on alcohol abuse
Schoenthaler, S. J., Blum, K., Fried, L., Oscar‐Berman, M., Giordano, J., Modestino, E. J., & Badgaiyan, R. D. (2017) · Journal of Systems and Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.15761/jsin.1000169 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Dual diagnosis programs today routinely integrate treatment of both with specific psychosocial interventions [1], medical management [2], motivational interviewing [3], and cognitive behavioral therapy [4,5] using both group and individual counseling based on well-defined treatment principles [6].”
BackgroundAlcohol research: past, present, and future
Gunzerath, L., Hewitt, B. G., Li, T., & Warren, K. R. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05832.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Social Workers and Delivery of Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Substance Use Disorders
Wells, E. A., Kristman-Valente, A. N., Peavy, K. M., & Jackson, T. R. (2013) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2013.759033 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (Magill & Ray, 2009) calculated a small but statistically significant effect of CBT in comparison with other conditions across study and sample characteristics and types of SU outcomes.”
BackgroundMethodTimko, C., Valenstein, H., Lin, P., Moos, R., Stuart, G. L., & Cronkite, R. (2012) · Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy · doi:10.1186/1747-597x-7-37 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Increasing client retention rates may serve to improve outcomes [32-35].”
The Development of a Community-Based Drug Intervention for Filipino Drug Users
Hechanova, M. R. M., Alianan, A. S., Teng‐Calleja, M., Melgar, I. E., Acosta, A. C., Villasanta, A. P. V. P., Bunagan, K., Yusay, C. T. C., Ang, A., Flores, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2017.23 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“CBT assumes that drug use is a learned behaviour and thus can be unlearned through therapeutic strategies (Magill & Ray, 2009).”
BackgroundJohansson, M., Sinadinovic, K., Gajecki, M., Lindner, P., Berman, A. H., Hermansson, U., & Andréasson, S. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15270 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“pharmacological, that can help an individual reduce their alcohol consumption [4,5].”
BackgroundBergman, B. G., Kelly, J. F., Nargiso, J. E., & McKowen, J. W. (2016) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.09.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Digital Mental Health for Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders
Boumparis, N., Schulte, M. H. J., & Riper, H. (2019) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-019-00190-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Receptivity to alcohol-related care among U.S. women Veterans with alcohol misuse
Lewis, E. T., Jamison, A. L., Ghaus, S. J., Durazo, E. M., Frayne, S. M., Hoggatt, K. J., Bean‐Mayberry, B., Timko, C., & Cucciare, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2016.1171670 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Petitjean, S. A., Dürsteler‐MacFarland, K. M., Croquette-Krokar, M., Strasser, J., Mueller, S. E., Degen, B., Trombini, M., Vogel, M., Walter, M., Wiesbeck, G. A., et al. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.785 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
McKee, S. A. (2017) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000093 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“There are specific protocols and manuals for CBT for substance misuse (e.g., Beck, Wright, Newman, & Liese, 1993; Carroll, 1998), and CBT for substance use disorders has been shown to decrease substance use (Magill & Ray, 2009; McHugh, Hearon, & Otto, 2010).”
MethodReed, D. D., Naudé, G. P., Gelino, B. W., & Amlung, M. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.011 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
- Authors
- Magill, M., & Ray, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
- Publisher
- Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 516-527
- ISSN
- 1937-1888 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-4114
- PMC
- PMC2696292
- OpenAlex
- W2035068440
- Cited by
- 694
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Boston College
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32 AA07459-22, AA07459, T32AA007459)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, alcoholism, treatment efficacy, cannabis use, short-term treatment, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders
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