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Cited by 303Mental Health and Patient InvolvementDisability Rights and RepresentationPsychiatric care and mental health services

Connectedness and citizenship: redefining social integration.

Ware, Norma C., Hopper, Kim, Tugenberg, Toni, Dickey, Barbara, Fisher, Daniel·2007·Psychiatric Services
DOI 10.1176/ps.2007.58.4.469
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Abstract

Despite decades of deinstitutionalization, individuals with psychiatric disabilities living outside the hospital may be described as in the community, but not of it. To effectively address the persisting problem of social exclusion of persons with psychiatric disabilities, new conceptual tools are needed. To address this need, a new definition of social integration is offered.The definition is based on data from a qualitative study. Data collection consisted of individual, unstructured interviews with 56 adults who have been psychiatrically disabled (N=78 interviews) as well as ethnographic visits to five service sites working to promote social integration for their users (N=8 visits). An interpretive approach was used to analyze the data.Social integration is defined as a process, unfolding over time, through which individuals who have been psychiatrically disabled increasingly develop and exercise their capacities for connectedness and citizenship. Connectedness denotes the construction and successful maintenance of reciprocal interpersonal relationships. Social, moral, and emotional competencies are required to sustain connectedness. Citizenship refers to the rights and privileges enjoyed by members of a democratic society and to the responsibilities these rights engender. The definition calls for full rights and responsibilities of citizenship.The new definition sets an ideal, but not unrealistic, standard for social integration in the context of psychiatric disability. High standards encourage mental health professionals and policy makers to rethink what is possible for mental health services and to raise expectations for connectedness and citizenship among persons once disabled by mental illness.

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Authors
Ware, N. C., Hopper, K., Tugenberg, T., Dickey, B., & Fisher, D.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Psychiatric Services
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2007-04
Volume
58
Issue
4
Pages
469-474
ISSN
  • 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
  • 1075-2730
  • 1557-9700
DOI
10.1176/ps.2007.58.4.469
OpenAlex
W2169510661
Cited by
303
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 39
FWCI
31.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH065247)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Rights and Representation
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords
social integration, psychiatric disability, connectedness, citizenship, social exclusion, deinstitutionalization, interpersonal relationships, social competence, mental health services, community living
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Anthropology, Cultural, Community Mental Health Services, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interview, Psychological, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Prejudice, Quality of Life, Social Change, Social Responsibility, Social Values, Socialization, Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

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