Cited by 857Mental Health and Patient InvolvementCommunity Health and DevelopmentPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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A consumer-constructed scale to measure empowerment among users of mental health services

Erna Sally Rogers, J Chamberlin, Marsha Langer Ellison, Tim Crean·1997·Psychiatric Services

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A scale to measure the personal construct of empowerment as defined by consumers of mental health services was developed and field tested. METHODS: After extensive development, pilot testing, and analyses, a 28-item scale to measure empowerment was tested on 271 members of six self-help programs in six states. Factor analyses were used to identify the underlying dimensions of empowerment. To establish the scale's reliability and validity, responses were factor analyzed, and other analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Analyses revealed five factors: self-efficacy-self-esteem, power-powerlessness, community activism, righteous anger, and optimism-control over the future. Empowerment was related to quality of life and income but not to the demographic variables of age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education level, or employment status. Empowerment was inversely related to use of traditional mental health services and positively related to community activism. CONCLUSIONS: The findings set a framework for a clearer understanding of the imprecise and overused concept of empowerment. The scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency and some evidence for validity. Further testing must be done to establish whether it has discriminant validity and is sensitive to change.

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Authors: Rogers, E. S., Chamberlin, J., Ellison, M. L., & Crean, T.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
ORCID: Erna Sally Rogers
Marsha Langer Ellison
Venue: Psychiatric Services
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1997-08-01
Volume: 48
Issue: 8
Pages: 1042-1047
ISSN: 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
1075-2730
1557-9700
DOI: 10.1176/ps.48.8.1042
OpenAlex: W51019709
Cited by: 854
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 17.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Community Health and Development
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: empowerment, mental health service users, scale development, self-help programs, self-efficacy, self-esteem, powerlessness, community activism, righteous anger, optimism, quality of life, mental health service utilization
MeSH terms: Adult, Community Participation, Consumer Behavior, Humans, Internal-External Control, Mental Health Services, Personality Inventory, Pilot Projects, Power, Psychological, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Self-Help Groups, United States, Reproducibility of Results

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A consumer-constructed scale to measure empowerment among users of mental health services

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