Postdisaster Reconstruction as a Cause of Intrastate Violence: An Instrumental Variable Analysis with Application to the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka

Kikuta, Kyosuke

doi:10.1177/0022002717753919

Cited by 28Political Conflict and GovernancePeacebuilding and International SecurityDisaster Management and Resilience

Postdisaster Reconstruction as a Cause of Intrastate Violence: An Instrumental Variable Analysis with Application to the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka

Kikuta, Kyosuke·2019·Journal of Conflict Resolution

DOI 10.1177/0022002717753919

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Despite growing concerns about the effects of environmental changes, we only have disparate and seemingly contradictory findings about the relationship between natural disasters and intrastate violence. This article addresses that problem by introducing postdisaster reconstruction as a primary explanatory variable for intrastate violence. I extend bargaining theory to predict that postdisaster reconstruction causes a commitment problem, which in turn incentivizes warring parties to fight for the strategic opportunities of reconstruction. Using an instrumental variable approach, I provide an empirical test with a subnational data set for Sri Lanka before and after the 2004 Tsunami. Consistent with my expectations, housing reconstruction increased the number of violent events, while housing destruction had no discernible impact on violence.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0022002717753919

Cites

64 of 64 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The sparse literature on connections between climate adaptation and mitigation projects and local security points to a potential for an increase rather than decrease in local tensions in some contexts, notably related to access and use of land.
“The sparse literature on connections between climate adaptation and mitigation projects and local security points to a potential for an increase rather than decrease in local tensions in some contexts, notably related to access and use of land (190)(191)(192).”
From Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change (2021) · cites this paper as [191]

Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion
Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009) · doi:10.1515/9781400829828 · Cited by 9,467 · see citing works
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415386 · Cited by 4,088 · see citing works
Rationalist explanations for war
Fearon, J. D. (1995) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300033324 · Cited by 3,995 · see citing works
Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict
Hsiang, S. M., Burke, M., & Miguel, E. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1235367 · Cited by 1,827 · see citing works
Two-stage residual inclusion estimation: Addressing endogeneity in health econometric modeling
Terza, J. V., Basu, A., & Rathouz, P. J. (2008) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.09.009 · Cited by 1,728 · see citing works
The Death Toll from Natural Disasters: The Role of Income, Geography, and Institutions
Kahn, M. E. (2005) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/0034653053970339 · Cited by 1,393 · see citing works
Why Do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer than Others?
Fearon, J. D. (2004) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343304043770 · Cited by 1,306 · see citing works
The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002
Neumayer, E., & Plümper, T. (2007) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works
DO NATURAL DISASTERS PROMOTE LONG‐RUN GROWTH?
Skidmore, M. L., & Toya, H. (2002) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1093/ei/40.4.664 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
War as a Commitment Problem
Powell, R. (2006) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818306060061 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa
Burke, M., Miguel, E. A., Satyanath, S., Dykema, J. A., & Lobell, D. B. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0907998106 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Aid allocation and poverty reduction
Collier, P., & Dollar, D. (2002) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/s0014-2921(01)00187-8 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Explaining Rare Events in International Relations
King, G., & Zeng, L. (2001) · International Organization · doi:10.1162/00208180152507597 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
The causality analysis of climate change and large-scale human crisis
Zhang, D. D., Lee, H. F., Wang, C., Li, B., Pei, Q., Zhang, J., & An, Y. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104268108 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Leader Survival, Revolutions, and the Nature of Government Finance
de Mesquita, B. B., & Smith, A. M. (2010) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00463.x · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Principles of Emergency Planning and Management
Shrivastava, P. (2003) · Risk Management · doi:10.1057/palgrave.rm.8240152 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict
Gleditsch, N. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311431288 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Instrumental Variables Estimation in Political Science: A Readers’ Guide
Carnegie, A. S., & GREEN, D. P. (2010) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00477.x · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict
Nel, P. R., & Righarts, M. (2008) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x · Cited by 366 · see citing works
2010 census of population and housing
Zambia (2012) · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Trends and triggers: Climate, climate change and civil conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa
Hendrix, C. S., & Glaser, S. M. (2007) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Confronting Catastrophe: New Perspectives on Natural Disasters
Alexander, D. E. (2000) · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Dangerous sanctuaries: refugee camps, civil war, and the dilemmas of humanitarian aid
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-1214 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Political Marginalization, Climate Change, and Conflict in African Sahel States
Raleigh, C. (2010) · International Studies Review · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00913.x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Climate change, violent conflict and local institutions in Kenya’s drylands
Adano, W. R., Dietz, T., Witsenburg, K., & Zaal, F. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311427344 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
The Political Economy of ``Natural'' Disasters
Cohen, C., & Werker, E. D. (2008) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002708322157 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Foreign Aid Shocks as a Cause of Violent Armed Conflict
Nielsen, R. A., Findley, M. G., Davis, Z. S., Candland, T., & Nielson, D. (2011) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00492.x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Climate-related natural disasters, economic growth, and armed civil conflict
Bergholt, D., & Lujala, P. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311426167 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Climate change and violent conflict in Europe over the last millennium
Tol, R. S. J., & Wagner, S. (2009) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Climate clashes? Weather variability, land pressure, and organized violence in Kenya, 1989–2004
Theisen, O. M. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311425842 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
AID, Policy and Peace: Reducing the risks of civil conflict
Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2002) · Defence and Peace Economics · doi:10.1080/10242690214335 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Political Aftershocks: The Impact of Earthquakes on Intrastate Conflict
Brancati, D. (2007) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002707305234 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Don’t blame the weather! Climate-related natural disasters and civil conflict
Slettebak, R. T. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311425693 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Disasters and Political Unrest: An Empirical Investigation
Drury, A. C., & Olson, R. S. (1998) · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management · doi:10.1111/1468-5973.00084 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Sri Lanka Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
GOFF, J. R., Liu, P. L. ‐., Higman, B., Morton, R. A., Jaffe, B. E., Fernando, H. J. S., Lynett, P. J., Fritz, H. M., SYNOLAKIS, C. E., & Fernando, S. (2006) · Earthquake Spectra · doi:10.1193/1.2205897 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The War Trap Revisited: A Revised Expected Utility Model
de Mesquita, B. B. (1985) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1956125 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Foreign aid and insurrection
Grossman, H. I. (1992) · Defence Economics · doi:10.1080/10430719208404737 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Sustained drought, vulnerability and civil conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa
von Uexkull, N. (2014) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.10.003 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict: The Case of Rwanda
Percival, V., & Homer-Dixon, T. F. (1996) · The Journal of Environment & Development · doi:10.1177/107049659600500302 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
European Aid: Human Rights Versus Bureaucratic Inertia?
Carey, S. C. (2007) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343307078938 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Climate change and conflict: Making sense of disparate findings
Salehyan, I. (2014) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.10.004 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, ethnicity, political economy
Bandarage, A. (2008) · Cited by 110 · see citing works
On exposure, vulnerability and violence: Spatial distribution of risk factors for climate change and violent conflict across Kenya and Uganda
Ide, T., Schilling, J., Link, J., Scheffran, J., Ngaruiya, G., & Weinzierl, T. (2014) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.10.007 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Disentangling the Climate-conflict Nexus: Empirical and Theoretical Assessment of Vulnerabilities and Pathways
Scheffran, J., Brzoska, M., Kominek, J., Link, P., & Schilling, J. (2012) · Review of European Studies · doi:10.5539/res.v4n5p1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Who Controls Foreign Aid? Elite versus Public Perceptions of Donor Influence in Aid-Dependent Uganda
Findley, M. G., Harris, A. S., Milner, H. V., & Nielson, D. (2017) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818317000273 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Rebel Groups as Predatory Organizations
Beardsley, K. C., & McQuinn, B. (2009) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002709336460 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Effective Foreign Aid Following Civil War: The Nonstrategic‐Desperation Hypothesis
Girod, D. M. (2011) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00552.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Mediation Analysis Is Harder Than It Looks
Bullock, J. G., & Ha, S. E. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511921452.035 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Climate security vulnerability in Africa mapping 3.01
Busby, J., Smith, T. G., & Krishnan, N. (2014) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.10.005 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Natural Disaster and Democratic Legitimacy
Carlin, R. E., Love, G. J., & Zechmeister, E. J. (2014) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912913495592 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Earthquakes, hurricanes, and terrorism: do natural disasters incite terror?
Berrebi, C., & Ostwald, J. (2011) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-011-9868-x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Climate Change and Conflict: Avoiding Small Talk About the Weather
Meierding, E. (2013) · International Studies Review · doi:10.1111/misr.12030 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Tsunami public awareness and the disaster management system of Sri Lanka
KURITA, T., Nakamura, A., Kodama, M., & Colombage, S. R. N. (2006) · Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/09653560610654266 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Politics of Military Coalitions
Wolford, S. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316179154 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Bargaining over power: when do shifts in power lead to war?
Chadefaux, T. (2011) · International Theory · doi:10.1017/s175297191100008x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Mogadishu: an economy without a state
Webersik, C. (2006) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436590601027297 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Incumbents, successors, and crisis bargaining
Wolford, S. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343312440807 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Climate Change and Civil Unrest: The Impact of Rapid-onset Disasters
Nardulli, P. F., Peyton, B., & Bajjalieh, J. (2015) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002713503809 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Collaboration or obstruction? Rebel group behavior during natural disaster relief in the Philippines
Walch, C. (2014) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.09.007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Modeling and data choices sway conclusions about climate-conflict links
Ο’Loughlin, J., Linke, A. M., & Witmer, F. D. W. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1323417111 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Humanitarian Assistance and the Duration of Peace after Civil War
Narang, N. (2014) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381613001382 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Integrated approach for coastal hazards and risks in Sri Lanka
Garçin, M., Desprats, J. F., Fontaine, M., Pedreros, R., Attanayake, N., Fernando, S., Siriwardana, C. H. E. R., de Silva, U., & Poisson, B. (2008) · Natural hazards and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/nhess-8-577-2008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Humanitarian Relief and Civil Conflict
Blouin, M. R., & Pallage, S. (2008) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002708316742 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Field measurements and numerical simulations of the 2004 tsunami impact on the south coast of Sri Lanka
Wijetunge, J. J. (2009) · Ocean Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.06.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change
Buhaug, H., & von Uexkull, N. (2021) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-014708 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Multi-method evidence for when and how climate-related disasters contribute to armed conflict risk
Ide, T., Brzoska, M., Donges, J. F., & Schleussner, C.-F. (2020) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102063 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
First comes the river, then comes the conflict? A qualitative comparative analysis of flood-related political unrest
Ide, T., Kristensen, A., & Bartusevičius, H. (2020) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320966783 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Natural disasters, aid distribution, and social conflict – Micro-level evidence from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal
de Juan, A., Pierskalla, J. H., & Schwarz, E. (2020) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104715 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Natural Disasters, Forced Migration, and Conflict: The Importance of Government Policy Responses
Mitchell, S., & Pizzi, E. (2020) · International Studies Review · doi:10.1093/isr/viaa058 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Weather Extremes, Disasters, and Collective Violence: Conditions, Mechanisms, and Disaster-Related Policies in Recent Research
Brzoska, M. (2018) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-018-0117-y · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Catastrophes, Confrontations, and Constraints
Ide, T. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14970.001.0001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
And the Heat Goes On: Police Repression and the Modalities of Power
Liu, H., & Sullivan, C. M. (2021) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027211013099 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Disasters as Ambivalent Multipliers: Influencing the Pathways from Disaster to Conflict Risk and Peace Potential Through Disaster Risk Reduction
Peters, L. E. R. (2022) · Journal of Peacebuilding & Development · doi:10.1177/15423166221081516 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Does disaster contribute to armed conflict? A quantitative analysis of disaster–conflict co-occurrence between 1990 and 2017
Caso, N., Hilhorst, D., Mena, R., & Papyrakis, E. (2023) · International Journal of Development Issues · doi:10.1108/ijdi-01-2023-0015 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Disasters and civilian victimization: Exploring the dynamic effect in Africa, 1997–2017
Haer, R., & RezaeeDaryakenari, B. (2022) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433211061672 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Competitiveness of the Regions in the Czech Republic from the Perspective of Disaster Risk Financing
Oulehlová, A., Kudlák, A., Urban, R., & Hoke, E. (2021) · Journal of Competitiveness · doi:10.7441/joc.2021.04.07 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Understanding the Disaster–Migration–Violent Conflict Nexus in a Warming World: The Importance of International Policy Interventions
Brzoska, M. (2019) · The social science · doi:10.3390/socsci8060167 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A dynamic disastrous CGE model to optimize resource allocation in post-disaster economic recovery: post-typhoon in an urban agglomeration area, China
Li, H., Xu, E., Zhang, H., & Zhong, S. (2022) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac7733 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Climate, Women, and Conflict: Rebel Groups’ Armed Activities after Major Disasters
Ide, T. (2023) · Global Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isagsq/ksad039 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cyclones and violence against civilians: Evidence from the Cabo Delgado insurgency
Bagozzi, B. E., Benson, T., & Koren, O. (2023) · Environment and Security · doi:10.1177/27538796231185188 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Build-Back-Better:
Noy, I., Ferrarini, B., & Park, D. (2019) · ADB economics working paper series · doi:10.22617/wps190583-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
De-escalation and diplomacy: disasters as drivers of reduced conflict risks in the Indo-Pacific
Ide, T., Hayes, A., Larasati, I., & Canavan, C. (2025) · Australian Journal Of International Affairs · doi:10.1080/10357718.2025.2459316 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Social Origins of Rebellion: Toward a New Quantitative Research Agenda
Koren, O., & Uzonyi, G. (2023) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027231202037 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Build Back Better: What Is It, and What Should It Be?Preprint
Noy, I., Ferrarini, B., & Park, D. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3590873 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Natural Disasters and Cross-Border Implications
McLean, E. V., & Bas, M. A. (2020) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.550 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ELT,A CATALYST FOR RECONCILIATION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN TERTIARY EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA.
Jayasinghe, V. (2019) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/9436 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Silver Lining? The Effects of Epidemics on Terrorist Groups
Avdan, N., Piazza, J. A., & Soules, M. J. (2021) · Terrorism and Political Violence · doi:10.1080/09546553.2021.1987894
References
(2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14970.003.0010
Natural Disasters, Asymmetric Vulnerability, and War: Why Empirical Evidence on the Climate-Conflict Nexus Seems MixedPreprint
Sawada, H. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4946973
The Impact of Natural Disasters on the Ongoing Civil War: The Role of Spatial Configuration of Territorial Control
Zhao, W. (2025) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027251346912
When It Rains, It Pours: The Impact of Disasters on Child Soldiering by Rebel Groups
Pantera, D. K., & Yang, Y. J. (2025) · Journal of Global Security Studies · doi:10.1093/jogss/ogaf033
Rebels in a changing climate: insurgent perspectives on disasters and the rise or fall of rebellion
Ide, T., Simangan, D., Adhikari, D. P., Ángel, I. R., Baron, P. A. R., Quilala, D. F., & Upreti, B. R. (2026) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2026.103250

The shifting course of pre-existing violent civil conflicts in the aftermath of rapid-onset natural disasters : a comparative case study of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami's impact on Indonesia and Sri Lanka
Berkowitz, J. A. (2022) · Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)
Repercussions of the natural disasters on armed internal conflicts settlement: A comparative study of Indonesia and Sri Lanka
Abdelmagied, R. (2022) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.16232.55048
Shaking the foundations of violent civil conflict: institutions, disasters, and the political economies of state-rebel interaction
Enia, J. (2015) · University of Southern California Digital Library · doi:10.25549/usctheses-m2471 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Post-tsunami Sri Lanka and the Ethnic Conflict A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability
Jayasinghe, N. (2006)
Disaster politics or disaster of politics? Post-tsunami conflict transformation in Sri Lanka and Aceh, Indonesia
Klitzsch, N. (2014) · Cooperation and Conflict · doi:10.1177/0010836714545692 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Authors: Kikuta, K.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author: Kikuta, Kyosuke
ORCID: Kikuta, Kyosuke
Venue: Journal of Conflict Resolution
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2018-01-23
Volume: 63
Issue: 3
Pages: 760-785
ISSN: 0022-0027 (ISSN-L)
1552-8766
DOI: 10.1177/0022002717753919
OpenAlex: W2789921179
Cited by: 28
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 7.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Conflict Resolution (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Peacebuilding and International Security
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disaster Management and Resilience
Keywords: 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Sri Lanka, bargaining theory, commitment problem, housing reconstruction, housing destruction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Postdisaster Reconstruction as a Cause of Intrastate Violence: An Instrumental Variable Analysis with Application to the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks