Longitudinal Studies of Phonological Processing and Reading
Abstract
O ne of the most exciting developments in research on reading over the last two decades is the emerging consensus about the importance of phonological processing abilities in the acquisition of early reading skills (Shankweiler & Liberman, 1989; Stanovich, 1988; Wagner & Torgesen, 1987). As the term is used by those who study early reading development, phonological processing refers to an individual's mental operations that make use of the phonological or sound structure of oral language when he or she is learning how to decode written language. The last 20 years of research have produced a broad variety of converging evidence that at least three kinds of phonological processing skills are positively related to individual differences in the rate at which beginning reading skills are acquired (see Adams, 1990; Brady & Shankweiler, 1991; Crowder & Wagner, 1991; and Torgesen, 1993, for recent reviews of this work). The kinds of phonological processing skills and knowledge that have been most frequently studied include phonological awareness, phonological memory, and rate of access for phonological information. Types of Reading-Related Phonological Skill
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Reading acquisition and awareness of speech sounds likely influence each other reciprocally.
“Thus, the relationship between reading acquisition and awareness for speech sounds is likely to be reciprocal (Perfetti et al., 1987;Wagner and Torgesen, 1987;Torgesen et al., 1994;Ehri, 2005;Ziegler and Goswami, 2005).”
From Deviant processing of letters and speech sounds as proximate cause of reading failure: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of dyslexic children. (2010) · cites this paper as Torgesen et al., 1994
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- Authors
- Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., & Rashotte, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Wagner, Richard K.
- Venue
- Journal of Learning Disabilities
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1994-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 276-286
- ISSN
- 0022-2194 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4780
- OpenAlex
- W2035443931
- Cited by
- 932
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 31.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Learning Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd023340-14)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD23340)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
- Keywords
- phonological processing, early reading acquisition, phonological awareness, phonological memory, phonological decoding, reading development, individual differences in reading, longitudinal study
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Phonetics, Reading, Verbal Learning
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