Cited by 16,549Psychometric Methodologies and TestingMarketing and Advertising StrategiesBusiness Strategies and Management Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs

Churchill, Gilbert A.·1979·Journal of Marketing Research

DOI 10.1177/002224377901600110

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A critical element in the evolution of a fundamental body of knowledge in marketing, as well as for improved marketing practice, is the development of better measures of the variables with which marketers work. In this article an approach is outlined by which this goal can be achieved and portions of the approach are illustrated in terms of a job satisfaction measure.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/002224377901600110

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
The critical incident technique.
Flanagan, J. C. (1954) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0061470 · Cited by 8,191
Critical Incident Technique
Rogelberg, S. G. (2007) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412952651.n55 · Cited by 5,309
Theory and Methods of Scaling
Torgerson, W. S. (1958) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,920
Book Review: The Theory of Buyer Behavior
Bither, S. W., Howard, J. A., & Sheth, J. N. (1971) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1250571 · Cited by 2,805
Focus Groups and the Nature of Qualitative Marketing Research
Calder, B. J. (1977) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3150774 · Cited by 729
The Nature and Scope of Marketing
Hunt, S. D. (1976) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224297604000304 · Cited by 615
Measuring the Job Satisfaction of Industrial Salesmen
Churchill, G. A., Ford, N. M., & Walker, O. C. (1974) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224377401100303 · Cited by 615
Self-citation
Theory of Psychological Measurement
(1965) · Students Quarterly Journal · doi:10.1049/sqj.1965.0018 · Cited by 382

Show all 22 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

BohrnstedtGeorge W. “Reliability and Validity Assessment in Attitude Measurement,” in SummersGene F., ed., Attitude Measurement. Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, 1970, 80–99.
BuzzellRobert D. “Is Marketing a Science,” Harvard Business Review, 41 (January–February 1963), 32–48.
CampbellJohn P. “Psychometric Theory,” in DunetteMarvin D., ed., Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally, Inc., 1976, 185–222.
ConversePaul D. “The Development of a Science in Marketing,” Journal of Marketing, 10 (July 1945), 14–23.
CzepeilJohn A., RosenbergLarry J., and AkeraleAdebayo. “Perspectives on Consumer Satisfaction,” in CurhanRonald C., ed., 1974 Combined Proceedings. Chicago: American Marketing Association, 1974, 119–23.
GardnerBurleigh B. “Attitude Research Lacks System to Help It Make Sense,” Marketing News, 11 (May 5, 1978), 1.
HowardJohn A. and ShethJagdish N. The Theory of Buyer Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1969.
KerlingerFred N. Foundations of Behavioral Research, 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston, Inc., 1973.
LeyPhilip. Quantitative Aspects of Psychological Assessment. London: Gerald Duckworth and Company, Ltd., 1972.
NunnallyJum C. Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.
SelltizClaire, WrightsmanLawrence S., and CookStuart W. Research Methods in Social Relations, 3rd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1976.

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 16,524

Learning motivation in e-learning facilitated computer programming courses
Law, K. M. Y., Lee, V. C. S., & Yu, Y. T. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.01.007 · Cited by 402
Advancing Alpha: Measuring Reliability With Confidence
Iacobucci, D., & Duhachek, A. (2003) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1304_14 · Cited by 383
An Investigation into the Antecedents of Organizational Participation in Business-to-Business Electronic Markets
Grewal, R., Comer, J. M., & Mehta, R. (2001) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.65.3.17.18331 · Cited by 386
Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Tourism and Rural Regional Development
Lankford, S. V. (1994) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/004728759403200306 · Cited by 377
Entrepreneurial orientation, management commitment, and human capital: The internationalization of SMEs in India
Javalgi, R. G., & Todd, P. R. (2010) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.11.024 · Cited by 381
Development and Validation of Scales to Measure Attitudes Influencing Monetary Donations to Charitable Organizations
Webb, D. J., Green, C., & Brashear, T. G. (2000) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070300282010 · Cited by 381
Social media adoption and its impact on firm performance: the case of the UAE
Ahmad, S. Z., Bakar, A. R. A., & Ahmad, N. (2018) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-08-2017-0299 · Cited by 473
Intention-behaviour gap and perceived behavioural control-behaviour gap in theory of planned behaviour: moderating roles of communication, satisfaction and trust in organic food consumption
Sultan, P., Tarafder, T., Pearson, D., & Henryks, J. (2020) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103838 · Cited by 422
A Longitudinal Study of Herd Behavior in the Adoption and Continued Use of Technology1
Sun, H. (2013) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2013/37.4.02 · Cited by 375
Guilt appeals: persuasion knowledge and charitable giving
Hibbert, S., Smith, A., Davies, A., & Ireland, F. (2007) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20181 · Cited by 300
The impact of IT implementation on supply chain integration and performance
Li, G., Hong-jiao, Y., Sun, L., & Sohal, A. S. (2008) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.07.017 · Cited by 392
Understanding the Influence of Cues from Other Customers in the Service Experience: A Scale Development and Validation
Brocato, E. D., Voorhees, C. M., & Baker, J. (2012) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2012.01.006 · Cited by 374
DINESCAPE: A Scale for Customers' Perception of Dining Environments
Ryu, K., & Jang, S. S. (2008) · Journal of Foodservice Business Research · doi:10.1080/15378020801926551 · Cited by 403
Pro-environmental purchase behaviour: The role of consumers' biospheric values
Nguyen, N., Lobo, A., & Greenland, S. J. (2016) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.08.010 · Cited by 400
An adoption-implementation framework of digital green knowledge to improve the performance of digital green innovation practices for industry 5.0
Yin, S., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132608 · Cited by 404
Measuring Physical Distribution Service Quality
Bienstock, C. C., Mentzer, J. T., & Bird, M. M. (1996) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070397251004 · Cited by 475
Understanding the influence of corporate social responsibility on corporate identity, image, and firm performance
Arendt, S., & Brettel, M. (2010) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/00251741011090289 · Cited by 371
The Impact of Supplier Selection Criteria and Supplier Involvement on Manufacturing Performance
Vonderembse, M. A., & Tracey, M. (1999) · Journal of Supply Chain Management · doi:10.1111/j.1745-493x.1999.tb00060.x · Cited by 373
Colour appeal in website design within and across cultures: A multi-method evaluation
Cyr, D., Head, M., & Larios, H. (2010) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.08.005 · Cited by 511
Narver and Slater, Kohli and Jaworski and the market orientation construct: integration and internationalization
Cadogan, J. W., & Diamantopoulos, A. (1995) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/09652549500000003 · Cited by 366
Toward a measure of competitive priorities for purchasing
Krause, D. R., Pagell, M. D., & Curkovic, S. (2001) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/s0272-6963(01)00047-x · Cited by 368
Entrepreneurial resources, dynamic capabilities and start-up performance of Taiwan's high-tech firms
Wu, L. (2007) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.007 · Cited by 390
Research Design Effects on the Reliability of Rating Scales: A Meta-Analysis
Churchill, G. A., & Peter, J. P. (1984) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151463 · Cited by 786
Self-citation
Misresponse to Reversed and Negated Items in Surveys: A Review
Weijters, B., & Baumgartner, H. (2012) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.11.0368 · Cited by 421
Data equivalence in cross-cultural international business research: assessment and guidelines
Hult, G. T. M., Ketchen, D. J., Griffith, D. A., Finnegan, C. A., Gonzalez‐Padron, T. L., Harmancioǧlu, N., Huang, Y., Talay, M. B., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2008) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400396 · Cited by 373
Modes of thought that vary systematically with both social class and age
Henry, P. (2000) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(200005)17:5 · Cited by 24
Antecedents and consequences of relationship quality in hotel industry
Kim, W. G., & Cha, Y. (2002) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/s0278-4319(02)00011-7 · Cited by 378
Organizational learning culture, innovative culture and innovations in South Korean firms
Škerlavaj, M., Song, J. H., & Lee, Y.-M. (2010) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2010.02.080 · Cited by 364
Value creation in the relationship life cycle: A quasi-longitudinal analysis
Eggert, A., Ulaga, W., & Schultz, F. (2005) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.07.003 · Cited by 365
Development of a socioemotional wealth importance (SEWi) scale for family firm research
Debicki, B. J., Kellermanns, F. W., Chrisman, J. J., Pearson, A. W., & Spencer, B. A. (2016) · Journal of Family Business Strategy · doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2016.01.002 · Cited by 364
The influence of learning value on learning management system use
Ain, N., Kaur, K., & Waheed, M. (2015) · Information Development · doi:10.1177/0266666915597546 · Cited by 363
The adoption of information technology in the sales force
Schillewaert, N., Ahearne, M. J., Frambach, R. T., & Moenaert, R. K. (2005) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2004.09.013 · Cited by 362
The impact of big data on world-class sustainable manufacturing
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., Wamba, S. F., & Παπαδόπουλος, Θ. (2015) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7674-1 · Cited by 366
Purchasing social responsibility and firm performance
Carter, C. R. (2005) · International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/09600030510594567 · Cited by 368
Producers’ perceptions and attitudes toward precision agriculture technologies
Adrian, A. M., Norwood, S. H., & Mask, P. L. (2005) · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.compag.2005.04.004 · Cited by 360
Website design
Rosen, D. E., & Purinton, E. F. (2002) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00353-3 · Cited by 360
Applicability of a brand trust scale across product categories
Delgado‐Ballester, E. (2004) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560410529222 · Cited by 397
An examination of the effects of service quality and satisfaction on customers' behavioral intentions in e‐shopping
Gounaris, S. P., Dimitriadis, S., & Stathakopoulos, V. (2010) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876041011031118 · Cited by 377
Logistics Performance
Chow, G., Heaver, T. D., & Henriksson, L. E. (1994) · International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/09600039410055981 · Cited by 360
Perceived interactivity leading to e-loyalty: Development of a model for cognitive–affective user responses
Cyr, D., Head, M. M., & Ivanov, A. (2009) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.07.004 · Cited by 377
Critical Success Factors of CRM Technological Initiatives
Croteau, A., & Li, P. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l Administration · doi:10.1111/j.1936-4490.2003.tb00303.x · Cited by 360
Being ‘Green and Competitive’: The Impact of Environmental Actions and Collaborations on Firm Performance
Dangelico, R. M., & Pontrandolfo, P. (2013) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.1828 · Cited by 391
Building long‐term orientation in buyer–supplier relationships: The moderating role of culture
Cannon, J. P., Doney, P. M., Mullen, M. R., & Petersen, K. J. (2010) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2010.02.002 · Cited by 376
e-GovQual: A multiple-item scale for assessing e-government service quality
Papadomichelaki, X., & Mentzas, G. N. (2011) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.08.011 · Cited by 385
Antecedents of luxury brand purchase intention
Hung, K., Chen, A. H., Peng, N., Hackley, C., Tiwsakul, R. A., & Chou, C. (2011) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/10610421111166603 · Cited by 359
A theoretical investigation of slow fashion: sustainable future of the apparel industry
Jung, S., & Jin, B. E. (2014) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12127 · Cited by 358
Consumers’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility: Scale Development and Validation
Öberseder, M., Schlegelmilch, B. B., Murphy, P. E., & Gruber, V. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1787-y · Cited by 364
Understanding the impact of social media usage among organizations
Tajudeen, F. P., Jaafar, N. I., & Ainin, S. (2017) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2017.08.004 · Cited by 436
Internal-market orientation and its measurement
Gounaris, S. P. (2005) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.10.003 · Cited by 359
Determinants of Influence in Organizational Buying: A Contingency Approach
Kohli, A. K. (1989) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224298905300307 · Cited by 360
Influencing factors on restaurant customers’ revisit intention: The roles of emotions and switching barriers
Han, H., Back, K., & Barrett, B. B. (2009) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.03.005 · Cited by 392
Organic Food Purchases in an Emerging Market: The Influence of Consumers’ Personal Factors and Green Marketing Practices of Food Stores
Nguyễn, H. V., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, B. K., Lobo, A., & Vu, P. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16061037 · Cited by 386
Interorganizational Determinants of Environmental Purchasing: Initial Evidence from the Consumer Products Industries*
Carter, C. R., & Carter, J. R. (1998) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1998.tb01358.x · Cited by 457
Using Emotional Solidarity to Explain Residents’ Attitudes about Tourism and Tourism Development
Woosnam, K. M. (2011) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287511410351 · Cited by 364
A Study of Experiential Quality, Experiential Value, Experiential Satisfaction, Theme Park Image, and Revisit Intention
Wu, H., Li, M.-Y., & Li, T. (2014) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348014563396 · Cited by 386
Knowledge as a mediator between HRM practices and innovative activity
Cabrales, Á. L., Pérez‐Luño, A., & Cabrera, R. V. (2009) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.20295 · Cited by 353
An Investigation of Innovation in Nonprofit Organizations: The Role of Organizational Mission
McDonald, R. E. (2007) · Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0899764006295996 · Cited by 353
Persuasive Design of Destination Web Sites: An Analysis of First Impression
Kim, H., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2008) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287507312405 · Cited by 366
A Measure of Export Market Orientation: Scale Development and Cross-cultural Validation
Cadogan, J. W., Diamantopoulos, A., & de Mortanges, C. P. (1999) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490834 · Cited by 358
The relationship between strategic orientation, service innovation, and performance
Grawe, S. J., Chen, H., & Daugherty, P. J. (2009) · International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/09600030910962249 · Cited by 368
Making sense of higher education: students as consumers and the value of the university experience
Woodall, T., Hiller, A., & Resnick, S. M. (2012) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2011.648373 · Cited by 394
Understanding and Predicting Electronic Commerce Adoption: An Extension of the Theory of Planned BehaviorPreprint
Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 353
On the drivers of eco-innovation: empirical evidence from China
Cai, W., & Zhou, X. (2014) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.035 · Cited by 381
A Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility Following the Sustainable Development Paradigm
Herrera, A. A., Alcañiz, J. E. B., Manzano, J. A., & Pérez, R. C. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2654-9 · Cited by 360
Validation of the Eight-Item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Among Older Adults
Karim, J., Weisz, R., Bibi, Z., & Rehman, S. U. (2014) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-014-9281-y · Cited by 373
Measuring consumer perception of social media marketing activities in e-commerce industry: Scale development & validation
Yadav, M. K., & Rahman, Z. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.06.001 · Cited by 352
Knowledge-oriented leadership and open innovation: Role of knowledge management capability in France-based multinationals
Naqshbandi, M. M., & Jasimuddin, S. M. (2018) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.12.001 · Cited by 351
The impact of participation in virtual brand communities on consumer trust and loyalty
Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Guinalíu, M. (2007) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/14684520710841766 · Cited by 351
Unlocking the potential of advanced manufacturing technologies
Boyer, K. K., Leong, G. K., Ward, P. T., & Krajewski, L. J. (1997) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/s0272-6963(97)00009-0 · Cited by 350
Exploring halal-friendly destination attributes in South Korea: Perceptions and behaviors of Muslim travelers toward a non-Muslim destination
Han, H., Al‐Ansi, A., Olya, H., & Kim, W. (2018) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.010 · Cited by 348
Artificial intelligence self-efficacy: Scale development and validation
Wang, Y., & Chuang, Y.-W. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12015-w · Cited by 435
Evaluative and relational influences on service loyalty
Butcher, K., Sparks, B., & O’Callaghan, F. (2001) · International Journal of Service Industry Management · doi:10.1108/09564230110405253 · Cited by 355
Green knowledge management and organizational green culture: an interaction for organizational green innovation and green performance
Abbas, J., & Khan, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/jkm-03-2022-0156 · Cited by 378
The impact of supply chain risk on supply chain integration and company performance: a global investigation
Zhao, L., Huo, B., Sun, L., & Zhao, X. (2013) · Supply Chain Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13598541311318773 · Cited by 350
Does Market Orientation Facilitate Balanced Innovation Programs? An Organizational Learning Perspective
Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2007.00254.x · Cited by 349
Entrepreneurial intentions in the third age: the impact of perceived age norms
Kautonen, T., Tornikoski, E. T., & Kibler, E. (2009) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-009-9238-y · Cited by 358
Reliability and Validity of Alternative Measures of Channel Member Satisfaction
Ruekert, R. W., & Churchill, G. A. (1984) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378402100212 · Cited by 345
Self-citation
An Integrated Model for Customer Online Repurchase Intention
Wen, C., Prybutok, V. R., & Xu, C. (2011) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2011.11645518 · Cited by 360
Drivers of environmental processes and their impact on performance: a study of Turkish SMEs
Ağan, Y., Açar, M. F., & Borodin, A. (2013) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.043 · Cited by 346
The Epistemology of Entrepreneurial Orientation: Conceptual Formation, Modeling, and Operationalization
George, B. A., & Marino, L. (2011) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00455.x · Cited by 342
The impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and customer trust on the restoration of loyalty after service failure and recovery
Choi, B., & La, S. (2013) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876041311330717 · Cited by 344
An innovation—diffusion view of implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and development of a research model
Palaniswamy, R. (2002) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-7206(01)00135-5 · Cited by 344
The Role of Brand Personality in Charitable Giving: An Assessment and Validation
Venable, B. T. (2005) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070305276147 · Cited by 344
The impact of trust on innovativeness and supply chain performance
Panayides, P. M., & Lun, Y. H. V. (2009) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.12.025 · Cited by 366
Why Not Green Marketing? Determinates of Consumers’ Intention to Green Purchase Decision in a New Developing Nation
Nekmahmud, M., & Fekete‐Farkas, M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12197880 · Cited by 423
Information System Innovations and Supply Chain Management: Channel Relationships and Firm Performance
Kim, D. (2006) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070305281619 · Cited by 342
Corporate reputation: disentangling the effects on financial performance
Eberl, M., & Schwaiger, M. (2005) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560510601798 · Cited by 343
The error term in formative measurement models: interpretation and modeling implications
Diamantopoulos, A. (2006) · Journal of Modelling in Management · doi:10.1108/17465660610667775 · Cited by 343
Customer loyalty and the effect of switching costs as a moderator variable
Aydın, S., Özer, G., & Arasil, Ö. (2005) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/02634500510577492 · Cited by 354
Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of an Opinion Leadership Scale
Childers, T. L. (1986) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378602300211 · Cited by 343
Perceived benefits of loyalty programs: Scale development and implications for relational strategies
Chaabane, A. M., & Volle, P. (2009) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.01.008 · Cited by 341
Development of a financial literacy model for university students
Potrich, A. C. G., Vieira, K. M., & Mendes‐Da‐Silva, W. (2016) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-06-2014-0143 · Cited by 341
Environmental standards and labor productivity: Understanding the mechanisms that sustain sustainability
Delmas, M. A., & Pekovic, S. (2013) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1827 · Cited by 341
A New Model for Predicting Behavioral Intentions: An Alternative to Fishbein
Warshaw, P. R. (1980) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378001700201 · Cited by 340
DEVELOPING DESTINATION LOYALTY: THE CASE OF HAINAN ISLAND
Sun, X., Chi, C. G.-Q., & Xu, H. (2013) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2013.04.006 · Cited by 381
Service Delivery Innovation
Chen, J., Tsou, H., & Huang, A. Y.-H. (2009) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670509338619 · Cited by 367
Negative Word-of-Mouth Communication Intention: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Cheng, S. C. L., Lam, T., & Hsu, C. H. C. (2006) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348005284269 · Cited by 340
Tutorial: Big Data Analytics: Concepts, Technologies, and Applications
Watson, H. J. (2014) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.03465 · Cited by 340
Complexity of Information Systems Development Projects: Conceptualization and Measurement Development
Xia, W., & Lee, G. (2005) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2003.11045831 · Cited by 339
Developing an Instrument to Measure Customer Service Quality in Branch Banking
Avkiran, N. K. (1994) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/02652329410063223 · Cited by 343

Authors: Churchill, G. A.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author: Churchill, Gilbert A.
Venue: Journal of Marketing Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1979-02
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 64-73
ISSN: 0022-2437 (ISSN-L)
1547-7193
DOI: 10.1177/002224377901600110
OpenAlex: W1991623719
Semantic Scholar: d636f05c5febe7b9f879d444d16e14d599401eeb
Cited by: 16,549
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 538 · 2025: 581 · 2024: 628 · 2023: 668 · 2022: 737 · 2021: 755 · 2020: 702 · 2019: 774 · 2018: 716 · 2017: 706 · 2016: 743 · 2015: 783 · 2014: 809 · 2013: 806 · 2012: 759
FWCI: 10.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Marketing Research (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
Keywords: measurement, construct measurement, marketing theory, marketing practice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks