Cited by 142Writing and Handwriting EducationReading and Literacy DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Identifying Indicators of Written Expression Proficiency for Middle School Students

Espin, Christine, Shin, Jongho, Deno, Stanley L., Skare, Stacy, Robinson, Steven, Benner, Barb·2000·The Journal of Special Education

Abstract

In this study we examined the reliability and validity of various growth indicators in written expression for middle school students. In addition, we examined the effects of type and duration of writing on the validity and reliability of the growth indicators. Students ( N = 112) in Grades 7 and 8 composed two story writing and two descriptive writing pieces. For each sample, students wrote for 3 and 5 minutes. The most reliable and valid predictor of student writing proficiency as measured by both teacher ratings and a district writing test was correct minus incorrect word sequences. No differences were found related to type or duration of writing.

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Crossref · 10.1177/002246690003400303

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23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Espin, C., Shin, J., Deno, S. L., Skare, S., Robinson, S., & Benner, B.
Affiliations
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • Signorelli & Associates, Inc.
  • Discourse Technologies, Inc.
  • Minneapolis Public Schools (US)
Corresponding author
Espin, Christine
Venue
The Journal of Special Education
Published
2000-10
Volume
34
Issue
3
Pages
140-153
ISSN
  • 0022-4669 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4764
OpenAlex
W2113059196
Cited by
142
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI
21.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
The Journal of Special Education (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
writing assessment, growth index, junior high school students, writing types, story writing, descriptive writing, teacher ratings

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