Identifying Indicators of Written Expression Proficiency for Middle School Students
Abstract
In this study we examined the reliability and validity of various growth indicators in written expression for middle school students. In addition, we examined the effects of type and duration of writing on the validity and reliability of the growth indicators. Students ( N = 112) in Grades 7 and 8 composed two story writing and two descriptive writing pieces. For each sample, students wrote for 3 and 5 minutes. The most reliable and valid predictor of student writing proficiency as measured by both teacher ratings and a district writing test was correct minus incorrect word sequences. No differences were found related to type or duration of writing.
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- Authors
- Espin, C., Shin, J., Deno, S. L., Skare, S., Robinson, S., & Benner, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Signorelli & Associates, Inc.
- Discourse Technologies, Inc.
- Minneapolis Public Schools (US)
- Corresponding author
- Espin, Christine
- ORCID
- Espin, Christine
- Venue
- The Journal of Special Education
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 140-153
- ISSN
- 0022-4669 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4764
- OpenAlex
- W2113059196
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 21.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Special Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- writing assessment, growth index, junior high school students, writing types, story writing, descriptive writing, teacher ratings
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