The Relationship Between Curriculum-Based Measures in Written Expression and Quality and Completeness of Expository Writing for Middle School Students
Abstract
This study extended the work on curriculum-based measurement to examine the criterion-related validity of curriculum-based measures in written expression for middle school students, the differences in validity coefficients for various lengths of text, and the sensitivity of curriculum-based measures to change in student performance. Curriculum-based measures were the number of correct word sequences (CWS) and correct minus incorrect word sequences (CIWS) written in expository essays. Criterion measures were the number of functional elements in and quality ratings of student essays. Results revealed a strong relationship between curriculum-based and criterion measures.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Curriculum-Based Measurement: The Emerging Alternative
Deno, S. L. (1985) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440298505200303 · Cited by 1,667 · see citing works
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
Smith, D. R. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012058570-0/50008-2 · Cited by 1,416 · see citing works
Research on written composition
Scardamalia, M. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 493 · see citing works
The role of production factors in learning disabled students compositions
Graham, S. (1990) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.781 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Paz, S. D. L., & Graham, S. (2002) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.94.4.687 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
A curriculum-based measurement approach to assessing academic performance: What it is and why do it.
Marston, D. (1989) · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Valid Measurement Procedures for Continuous Evaluation of Written Expression
Deno, S. L., Marston, D., & Mirkin, P. K. (1982) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440298204800417 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Almond, M., & Toplis, R. M. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Special Education · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced1241 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Technical Adequacy of the Maze Task for Curriculum-Based Measurement of Reading Growth
Shin, J., Deno, S. L., & Espin, C. (2000) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/002246690003400305 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citation(1986) · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Page-Voth, V., & Graham, S. (1999) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.2.230 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Improving Learning Disabled Students' Composition Skills: Self-Control Strategy Training
Harris, K. R., & Graham, S. (1985) · Learning Disability Quarterly · doi:10.2307/1510905 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Identifying Indicators of Written Expression Proficiency for Middle School Students
Espin, C., Shin, J., Deno, S. L., Skare, S., Robinson, S., & Benner, B. (2000) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/002246690003400303 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationPaz, S. D. L., & Graham, S. (1997) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.89.2.203 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Paz, S. D. L. (1999) · Learning Disabilities Research and Practice · doi:10.1207/sldrp1402_3 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Danoff, B., Harris, K. R., & Graham, S. (1993) · Journal of Reading Behavior · doi:10.1080/10862969009547819 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Graham, S., MacArthur, C. A., Schwartz, S. S., et al. (1992) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440299205800405 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Paz, S. D. L., & Graham, S. (1997) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440299706300202 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Correct Word Sequences: A Valid Indicator of Proficiency in Written Expression.
Videen, J. (1982) · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Writing Quality, Coherence, and Cohesion
McCulley, G. A. (1985) · Research in the Teaching of English · doi:10.58680/rte198515640 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
De La Paz, S., & Graham, S. (1997) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.89.2.203 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
School-Based Evidence for the Validity of Curriculum-Based Measurement of Reading and Writing
Fewster, S., & Macmillan, P. D. (2002) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/07419325020230030301 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Assessment of Written Expression for Students in Compensatory and Special Education Programs
Tindal, G. A., & Parker, R. (1989) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/002246698902300204 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
COMPOSITION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: A UNIFIED APPROACH
Graham, S. (1982) · Focus on Exceptional Children · doi:10.17161/foec.v14i8.7447 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Countable indices of writing quality: Their suitability for screening‐eligibility decisions
Parker, R., Tindal, G., & Hasbrouck, J. (1991) · Exceptionality · doi:10.1080/09362839109524763 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY OF CURRICULUM-BASED MEASURES IN WRITING FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Espin, C. A. (1999) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/105735699278279 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationParker, R. I., Tindal, G., & Hasbrouck, J. (1991) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440299105800106 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Maag, J. W., Rutherford, R. B., & DiGangi, S. A. (1992) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/1520-6807(199204)29:2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Role of Production Factors in Writing Ability
Scardamalia, M., Bereiter, C., & Goelman, H. (1981) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004454118_013 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Integration of Strategy Instruction into a Whole Language Classroom: A Case Study.
MacArthur, C. A. (1996) · Learning Disabilities Research and Practice · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Reconstructing the Paradigm of Learning Disabilities: A Holistic/Constructivist Interpretation
Grobecker, B. (1996) · Learning Disability Quarterly · doi:10.2307/1511060 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Technical Features of Curriculum-Based Measurement in Writing: A Literature Review
McMaster, K., & Espin, C. (2007) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/00224669070410020301 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationGansle, K. A., VanDerHeyden, A. M., Noell, G. H., Resetar, J. L., & Williams, K. L. (2006) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2006.12087977 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Espin, C., Wallace, T., Campbell, H., Lembke, E. S., Long, J. D., & Ticha, R. (2008) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440290807400203 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationCurriculum-based measures of writing across grade levels
Weissenburger, J. W., & Espin, C. A. (2005) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2005.03.002 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationCurriculum-Based Measurement: A Brief History of Nearly Everything from the 1970s to the Present
Tindal, G. (2013) · ISRN Education · doi:10.1155/2013/958530 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Predictive Validity of CBM Writing Indices for Eighth-Grade Students
Amato, J. M., & Watkins, M. W. (2011) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/0022466909333516 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Curriculum-Based Measures of Writing for High School Students
Diercks-Gransee, B., Weissenburger, J. W., Johnson, C. L., & Christensen, P. (2009) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/0741932508324398 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Espin, C. A., De La Paz, S., Scierka, B. J., & Roelofs, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Vanderbilt University
- Rochester City School District (US)
- Corresponding author
- Espin, Christine A.
- ORCID
- Espin, Christine A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Special Education
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 208-217
- ISSN
- 0022-4669 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4764
- OpenAlex
- W2126074258
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Special Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- curriculum-based measurement, written expression, expository writing, criterion validity, junior high school students, functional elements, sensitivity to change, text length
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review