Student Engagement, Peer Social Capital, and School Dropout Among Mexican American and Non-Latino White Students

Ream, Robert K.; Rumberger, Russell W.

doi:10.1177/003804070808100201

Cited by 329Higher Education Research StudiesCritical Race Theory in EducationYouth Development and Social Support

Student Engagement, Peer Social Capital, and School Dropout Among Mexican American and Non-Latino White Students

Ream, Robert K., Rumberger, Russell W.·2008·Sociology of Education

DOI 10.1177/003804070808100201

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Abstract

Policy makers are especially concerned about persistently high dropout rates among U.S. Latinos, the largest minority population in the United States. This study used a national longitudinal database to show that the behavioral and social aspects of schooling are dynamically linked in the process of school completion and dropout among Mexican American and non-Latino white adolescents. In contrast to the tendency of academically disengaged students to develop street-oriented friendships, students who are involved in school tend to befriend others who also make schooling a priority. Thus, student engagement influences competing friendship networks in a manner that contributes to the completion of school. Furthermore, engagement behaviors and school-oriented friendship networks have the potential to reduce dropout rates. To their social and educational detriment, however, Mexican American students appear to be less engaged in unorganized academic endeavors and formally sponsored extracurricular activities than are white students. The results of this study support policies that combine targeted educational and social reforms to bolster school completion among Mexican origin youths.

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Few review studies have incorporated unfavourable student outcomes such as early school dropout in their search terms.
“Another observation is that few review studies have incorporated unfavourable student outcomes in their search terms, such as early school dropout, despite the fact that several studies emphasise the importance of engagement to prevent students from dropping out of school (Hascher and Hagenauer 2010;Ream and Rumberger 2008).”
From The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: a meta-analytic review (2020) · cites this paper as Ream and Rumberger 2008
School belonging was negatively associated with absence and dropout rates, confirming that those who do not feel attached to their school are more likely to skip classes or become early school-leavers.
“Similarly, school belonging was negatively associated with absence and dropout rates, confirming that those who do not feel attached to their school are more likely to skip classes or even become early school-leavers (see Hascher and Hagenauer 2010;Lee and Burkam 2003;Ream and Rumberger 2008).”
From The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: a meta-analytic review (2020) · cites this paper as Ream and Rumberger 2008

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Untitled work
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Schools as Developmental Contexts During Adolescence
Eccles, J. S., & Roeser, R. W. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00725.x · Cited by 1,629 · see citing works
Culturally Responsive School Leadership: A Synthesis of the Literature
Khalifa, M. A., Gooden, M. A., & Davis, J. E. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654316630383 · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
New Conceptual Frameworks for Student Engagement Research, Policy, and Practice
Lawson, M. A., & Lawson, H. A. (2013) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654313480891 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: a meta-analytic review
Korpershoek, H., Canrinus, E. T., Fokkens-Bruinsma, M., & de Boer, H. (2020) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671522.2019.1615116 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
“…few review studies have incorporated unfavourable student outcomes in their search terms, such as early school dropout, despite the fact that several studies emphasise the importance of engagement to prevent students from dropping out of school (Hascher and Hagenauer 2010; Ream and Rumberger 2008).”
Background
Why Students Drop Out of School: A Review of 25 Years of Research
Lim, S. A., & Rumberger, R. W. (2008) · Issue Lab (Candid) · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Self-citation
High school dropouts: Interactions between social context, self‐perceptions, school engagement, and student dropout⋆
Fall, A., & Roberts, G. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.11.004 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
The Effects of Flow, Emotional Engagement, and Motivation on Success in a Gamified Online Learning Environment
Özhan, Ş. Ç., & Kocadere, S. A. (2020) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/0735633118823159 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Weak Performance--Strong Determination: School Achievement and Educational Choice among Children of Immigrants in Sweden
Jönsson, J. Ö., & Rudolphi, F. (2010) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcq021 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Engagement and High School Dropout
Rumberger, R. W., & Rotermund, S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_24 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citation
The impact of attitudes and aspirations on educational attainment and participation
Gorard, S. A. C., See, B. H., & Davies, P. (2012) · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The Complexity of Non-Completion: Being Pushed or Pulled to Drop Out of High School
Bradley, C. L., & Renzulli, L. A. (2011) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/sor003 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Critical Consciousness and Vocational Development Among Latina/o High School Youth
McWhirter, E. H., & McWhirter, B. T. (2015) · Journal of Career Assessment · doi:10.1177/1069072715599535 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Creating Nurturing Environments: A Science-Based Framework for Promoting Child Health and Development Within High-Poverty Neighborhoods
Komro, K. A., Flay, B. R., & Biglan, A. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0095-2 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Youth engagement in high schools: Developing a multidimensional, critical approach to improving engagement for all students
Yonezawa, S., Jones, M., & Joselowsky, F. (2009) · Journal of Educational Change · doi:10.1007/s10833-009-9106-1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Impact of participation in extra-curricular activities during college on graduate employability: an empirical study of graduates of Taiwanese business schools
Lau, H.-H., Hsu, H.-Y. M., Acosta, S. T., & Hsu, T.-L. (2013) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2013.830244 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Examining the Multiple Trajectories Associated with Dropping Out of High School: A Growth Mixture Model Analysis
Bowers, A. J., & Sprott, R. (2012) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2011.552075 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Ethnicity and Student Engagement
Bingham, G. E., & Okagaki, L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_4 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Connecting in Class? College Class Size and Inequality in Academic Social Capital
Beattie, I. R., & Thiele, M. (2016) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1353/jhe.2016.0017 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Factors that promote high school graduation: a review of the literature
Zaff, J. F., Donlan, A., Gunning, A., Anderson, S. E., McDermott, E., & Sedaca, M. (2017) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-016-9363-5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Effect of school belonging trajectories in grades 6–8 on achievement: Gender and ethnic differences
Hughes, J. N., Im, M. H., & Allee-Smith, P. J. (2015) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2015.08.001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
From Colors and Guns to Caps and Gowns? The Effects of Gang Membership on Educational Attainment
Pyrooz, D. C. (2013) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427813484316 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Why Tenth Graders Fail to Finish High School: A Dropout Typology Latent Class Analysis
Bowers, A. J., & Sprott, R. (2012) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2012.692071 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Con Cariño: Teacher Caring, Math Self-Efficacy, and Math Achievement among Hispanic English Learners
Lewis, J. L., Ream, R. K., Bocian, K. M., Cardullo, R. A., Hammond, K. A., & Fast, L. A. (2012) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811211400701 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citation
In the mix: Social integration and social media adoption
Shepherd, H. R., & Lane, J. (2019) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.02.004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
How Do My Friends Matter? Examining Latino Adolescents’ Friendships, School Belonging, and Academic Achievement
Delgado, M. Y., Ettekal, A. V., Simpkins, S. D., & Schaefer, D. R. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0341-x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture, and immigration: Examining the potential mechanisms underlying Mexican-origin adolescents' organized activity participation.
Simpkins, S. D., Delgado, M. Y., Price, C. D., Quach, A., & Starbuck, E. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028399 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Schools as Developmental Contexts During Adolescence
Eccles, J. S., & Roeser, R. W. (2012) · Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop206013 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Querying the Causal Role of Attitudes in Educational Attainment
Gorard, S. A. C. (2012) · ISRN Education · doi:10.5402/2012/501589 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Children at School
Crosnoe, R., & Benner, A. D. (2015) · Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy407 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Educational Mobility of Second-generation Turks
Schnell, P. (2014) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.26530/oapen_508001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Daily School Peer Victimization Experiences Among Mexican-American Adolescents: Associations with Psychosocial, Physical and School Adjustment
Espinoza, G., Gonzales, N. A., & Fuligni, A. J. (2012) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9874-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Analyzing profiles, predictors, and consequences of student engagement dispositions
Lawson, M. A., & Masyn, K. E. (2014) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2014.11.004 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Effects of Extracurricular Participation During Middle School on Academic Motivation and Achievement at Grade 9
Im, M. H., Hughes, J. N., Cao, Q., & Kwok, O. (2016) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831216667479 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
School-based social capital: The missing link between schools' socioeconomic composition and collective teacher efficacy
Belfi, B., Gielen, S., Fraine, B. D., Verschueren, K., & Meredith, C. (2014) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2014.09.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Less Socially Engaged? Participation in Friendship and Extracurricular Activities Among Racial/Ethnic Minority and Immigrant Adolescents
Cherng, H. S., Turney, K., & Kao, G. (2014) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811411600302 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Effect of Poverty on Mental Health of Children in Rural China: The Mediating Role of Social Capital
Li, C., Wu, Q., & Liang, Z. (2017) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-017-9584-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Swedish young people’s after-school extra-curricular activities: attendance, opportunities and consequences
Behtoui, A. (2019) · British Journal of Sociology of Education · doi:10.1080/01425692.2018.1540924 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Leveraging Social Capital to Broaden Participation in STEM
Saw, G. K. (2020) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732219895997 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Social Capital and First-Generation College Students: Examining the Relationship Between Mentoring and College Enrollment
Glass, L. E. (2022) · Education and Urban Society · doi:10.1177/00131245221076097 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Why Does Family Wealth Affect Learning?.
Willingham, D. T. (2012) · The American Educator · Cited by 51 · see citing works
What did they expect? Exploring a link between students’ expectations, attendance and attrition on English language enhancement courses
Lobo, A., & Gurney, L. (2013) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2013.817002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Predicting adolescent aggressive behavior from community violence exposure, deviant peer affiliation and school engagement: A one-year longitudinal study
Lin, S., Yu, C., Chen, J., Zhang, W., Cao, L., & Liu, L. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104840 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Effect of retention in elementary grades on transition to middle school
Im, M. H., Hughes, J. N., Kwok, O., Puckett, S., & Cerda, C. A. (2013) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2013.01.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mentoring Matters: Racial Ethnic Minority Undergraduates’ Cultural Fit, Mentorship, and College and Life Satisfaction
Castellanos, J., Gloria, A. M., Besson, D. D., & Harvey, L. O. C. (2016) · Journal of College Reading and Learning · doi:10.1080/10790195.2015.1121792 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
High School Classmates and College Success
Fletcher, J. M., & Tienda, M. (2009) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/003804070908200401 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fostering college and career readiness: how career development activities in schools impact on graduation rates and students' life success
Hooley, T., Marriott, J., & Sampson, J. P. (2011) · University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby) · doi:10.48773/93z70 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A systematic review of the literature on the causes of early school leaving in Africa and Asia
Momo, M. S. M., Cabus, S. J., De Witte, K., & Groot, W. (2019) · Review of Education · doi:10.1002/rev3.3134 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Relationships Between School Climate, School Belonging and School Burnout in Secondary School Students
Kalkan, F., & Dağlı, E. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research · doi:10.33200/ijcer.878682 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ecologies of Collective Parent Engagement in Urban Education
Alameda-Lawson, T., & Lawson, M. A. (2016) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085916636654 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sociopolitical development, autonomous motivation, and education outcomes: Implications for low-income Latina/o adolescents.
Luginbuhl, P. J., McWhirter, E. H., & McWhirter, B. T. (2015) · Journal of Latina/o Psychology · doi:10.1037/lat0000041 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Measuring Acculturation Gap Conflicts Among Hispanics
Basáñez, T., Dennis, J. M., Crano, W. D., Stacy, A. W., & Unger, J. B. (2013) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x13477379 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
It Takes a Village (or an Ethnic Economy)
Park, J. J. (2011) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831211425609 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The emergence of social capital in low-income Latino elementary schools
Shoji, M. N., Haskins, A. R., Rangel, D. E., & Sorensen, K. N. (2014) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.07.003 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
College-bound friends and college application choices: Heterogeneous effects for Latino and White students
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Citizen Advantage, Undocumented Disadvantage, or Both? The Comparative Educational Outcomes of Second and 1.5‐Generation Latino Young Adults1
Patler, C. C. (2017) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/imre.12347 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Intermediate peer contexts and educational outcomes: Do the friends of students' friends matter?
Carbonaro, W. J., & Workman, J. B. (2016) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.02.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
‘‘I Can Turn It on When I Need To’’: Pre-college Integration, Culture, and Peer Academic Engagement among Black and Latino/a Engineering Students
Johnson, A. M. (2018) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/0038040718817064 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dropping out of high school: Effects of close and distant friendships
Carbonaro, W. J., & Workman, J. B. (2013) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.05.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Peer relations and dropout behavior: Evidence from junior high school students in northwest rural China
Shen, G., Yang, M., Wang, X., Min, W., & Rozelle, S. (2018) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.04.001 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Effects of Peer Parental Education on Student Achievement in Urban China: The Disparities Between Migrants and Locals
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Effects of Resilience and Acculturation Stress on Integration and Social Competence of Migrant Children and Adolescents in Northern Chile
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Differences in mathematics achievement according to opportunity to learn: A 4pL item response theory examination
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“Caught Up”
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Friend Affiliations and School Adjustment Among Mexican-American Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Peer and Parent Support
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Authors: Ream, R. K., & Rumberger, R. W.
Affiliations: University of California, Riverside (US)
University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
Corresponding author: Ream, Robert K.
ORCID: Ream, Robert K.
Venue: Sociology of Education
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-04
Volume: 81
Issue: 2
Pages: 109-139
ISSN: 0038-0407 (ISSN-L)
1939-8573
DOI: 10.1177/003804070808100201
OpenAlex: W2107666168
Cited by: 329
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 41.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Sociology of Education (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
Keywords: student engagement, school dropout, Mexican American students, Latino youth, school completion, friendship networks, extracurricular activities, student disengagement, educational inequality

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Student Engagement, Peer Social Capital, and School Dropout Among Mexican American and Non-Latino White Students

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