CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 325Misinformation and Its ImpactsMedia Influence and PoliticsHumor Studies and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 126 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

When Fake News Becomes Real: Combined Exposure to Multiple News Sources and Political Attitudes of Inefficacy, Alienation, and Cynicism

Balmas, Meital·2014·Communication Research
DOI 10.1177/0093650212453600
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This research assesses possible associations between viewing fake news (i.e., political satire) and attitudes of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism toward political candidates. Using survey data collected during the 2006 Israeli election campaign, the study provides evidence for an indirect positive effect of fake news viewing in fostering the feelings of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism, through the mediator variable of perceived realism of fake news. Within this process, hard news viewing serves as a moderator of the association between viewing fake news and their perceived realism. It was also demonstrated that perceived realism of fake news is stronger among individuals with high exposure to fake news and low exposure to hard news than among those with high exposure to both fake and hard news. Overall, this study contributes to the scientific knowledge regarding the influence of the interaction between various types of media use on political effects.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0093650212453600

Cites

126 of 126 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Balch G. I. (1974). Multiple Indicators in survey research: The concept; ‘Sense of Political Efficacy’. Political Methodology, 1, 1-43.
  2. Baum M. A. (2003). Soft news goes to war: Public opinion & American foreign policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  3. Campbell A., Gurin G., Warren E. M. (1954). The voter decides. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson & Company.
  4. Crigler A., Just M., Belt T. (2002). The three faces of negative campaigning. Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA.
  5. Dye T., Harmon Z., Lichter R. (1992). American political in the media age. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
  6. Hess V. (2001, August 30-September 2). The role of political comedy in 2000 election campaign: Examining content and third-person effects. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA.
  7. Peri Y. (2012). The impact of national security on development of media systems: The case of Israel. In Hallin D. C., Mancini P. (Eds.), Comparing media systems. Beyond the western word. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
  8. Sarver D. L. (2004, September). No laughing matter: Late night television talk shows’ coverage of the 2004 democratic presidential primary. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago.
  9. Shifman L. (2012). Satire in the Holy Wonderland: The comic framing of Arab Leaders in Israel, popular communication: The International Journal of Media and Culture, 10, 94-105.
  10. Webster J. G. (2007). Diversity of exposure. In Napoli P. (Ed.), Media diversity and localism: Meaning and metrics (pp. 309-326). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 325

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Balmas, M.
Affiliations
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
Corresponding author
Balmas, Meital
ORCID
Balmas, Meital
Venue
Communication Research
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2012-07-24
Volume
41
Issue
3
Pages
430-454
ISSN
  • 0093-6502 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-3810
DOI
10.1177/0093650212453600
OpenAlex
W2096555427
Cited by
325
References
124
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
FWCI
4.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Communication Research (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  • Tel Aviv University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Humor Studies and Applications
Keywords
fake news, political satire, perceived realism, political cynicism, political alienation, media influence, political candidates, news consumption

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review