Cited by 440Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety StudiesObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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A Dual Process Model of Perfectionism Based on Reinforcement Theory

Slade, Peter D., Owens, R. Glynn·1998·Behavior Modification

DOI 10.1177/01454455980223010

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Abstract

This article begins with a brief review of the current literature on the structure and measurement of perfectionism. It is concluded from this review that two major types can be distinguished, a normal/healthy form and a pathological form. These two forms are then defined as positive and negative perfectionism and related directly to Skinnerian concepts of positive and negative reinforcement. The positive/negative distinction is then further elaborated on in terms of approach/avoidance behavior, goal differences, self-concept involvement, emotional correlates, and the promoting environment. Finally, some of the more obvious theoretical and practical implications are briefly explored.

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Authors: Slade, P. D., & Owens, R. G.
Affiliations: Boğaziçi University (TR)
University of Auckland (NZ)
Venue: Behavior Modification
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1998-07
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 372-390
ISSN: 0145-4455 (ISSN-L)
1552-4167
DOI: 10.1177/01454455980223010
OpenAlex: W2094583828
Cited by: 440
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 3.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Behavior Modification (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: perfectionism, dual-process models, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, approach-avoidance behavior, goal difference, self-concept, emotional correlates
MeSH terms: Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Narcissism, Neurotic Disorders, Personality, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Reinforcement, Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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A Dual Process Model of Perfectionism Based on Reinforcement Theory

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