Cited by 2,701Job Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorTeam Dynamics and PerformanceLeadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies

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Proactive Behavior in Organizations

Crant, J. Michael·2000·Journal of Management

DOI 10.1177/014920630002600304

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Abstract

Many practitioner-oriented publications argue that managers should be more proactive on the job, and that proactive behavior is an increasingly important component of job performance. Organizational research on the antecedents and consequences of proactive behavior has appeared in several different literatures and has taken different approaches toward defining, measuring, and understanding proactivity. In this article, I review a diverse set of literatures that directly address proactive behavior in organizational contexts. I describe four constructs related to proactive behavior: proactive personality, personal initiative, role breadth self-efficacy, and taking charge. Next, I review six research domains that have explicitly addressed proactive behaviors: socialization, feedback seeking, issue selling, innovation, career management, and certain kinds of stress management. After considering findings from these research streams, I offer an analysis of the different approaches to the study of proactive behavior and provide a set of suggestions for future research.

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Authors: Crant, J. M.
Affiliations: University of Notre Dame (US)
Corresponding author: Crant, J. Michael
ORCID: Crant, J. Michael
Venue: Journal of Management
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2000-06
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Pages: 435-462
ISSN: 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
1557-1211
DOI: 10.1177/014920630002600304
OpenAlex: W2102808300
Cited by: 2,701
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 143 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 188 · 2023: 161 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 191 · 2019: 196 · 2018: 151 · 2017: 138 · 2016: 155 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 137 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 100
FWCI: 23.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies
Keywords: proactive behavior, proactive personality, personal initiative, role breadth self-efficacy, taking charge, employee performance, organizational socialization, feedback seeking, issue selling, innovation, career management, stress management

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Proactive Behavior in Organizations

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