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Platform Governance Design in Platform Ecosystems: Implications for Complementors’ Multihoming Decision

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Chen, Liang, Yi, Jingtao, Li, Sali, Tong, Tony W.·2022·Journal of Management

DOI 10.1177/0149206320988337

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Abstract

Extant platform research focuses on how platform owners’ governance behaviors directly affect complementors. This study explicates the multilateral interdependence among different groups of producers within a platform ecosystem. We theorize about how platform owners’ governance design may create frictions between platform providers and complementors. While open governance grants greater autonomy to platform providers, it also cultivates a more complex ecosystem for complementors. Since ecosystem complexity raises the cost of product customization, complementors will be less willing to port an existing complement to a more complex ecosystem, that is, less likely to multihome. The negative effect is weakened as the complementor has greater experience with the destination ecosystem or when the complement exhibits a greater level of modularity. Our analysis of newly launched apps in Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android smartphone ecosystems finds supportive evidence. We discuss implications for the burgeoning literature on platform ecosystems and complementors.

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“In addition, for platform owners, the openness of platform technology will affect the difference of product complexity between hardware manufacturers and complementary product manufacturers (Chen et al., 2022).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Platform based Innovation Ecosystems: Value Network Configuration Perspective
Lähteenmäki, J., & Töyli, J. (2023) · Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.24840/2183-0606_011.001_0004 · Cited by 4
“Some of the related concepts are; the openness of an ecosystem configuration (Nambisan and Baron, 2021; Wang et al., 2020); the types of configuration changes (Eisenmann et al., 2009; Dedehayir et al., 2018), and the structures of ecosystem governance (Chen et al., 2021; Nambisan and Sawhney, 2011).”
Background
Smart Timing for Smart Products? Complementor Multihoming in Nascent Platform Markets
Aydin Ozden, S., Suarez, F. F., Libaers, D., & Bart, Y. (2026) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.70005 · Cited by 4
Adaptive emergence of platform governance in contexts of underdeveloped markets and informality
Boakye, D. K., Amissah, K., & Sarpong, D. (2026) · Long range planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2026.102631 · Cited by 3
Governance Structures and Coordination Trade-offs: A Discriminating Alignment Theory of Innovation Ecosystem Architectures
Clough, D. R. (2026) · Strategy Science · doi:10.1287/stsc.2024.0303 · Cited by 4
Incumbent‐Born B2B Platforms: Organizational Boundary Dynamics in Platform Creation
Alghani, K. A., Rabetino, R., & Kohtamäki, M. (2026) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.70025 · Cited by 2
Operation and maintenance of digital platform network ecosystems: A digital integration-enabling mechanism
Xue, Q., He, J., & Jiang, X.-L. (2026) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2026.109968 · Cited by 3
How automotive firms enable value creation within mature innovation ecosystems: The case of Polestar
Hoveskog, M., Holmén, M., Ernest, A., & Bergquist, M. (2026) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103218 · Cited by 6
Capturing value with free business models in the global digital economy
Zhang, P., & Chen, L. (2025) · Journal of Digital Management · doi:10.1007/s44362-025-00013-6 · Cited by 3
“Following prior research (Ghose & Han, 2014; Chen et al., 2021), we build our sample by selecting the top 500 app-country observations based on self-constructed cumulative revenue rankings.”
Self-citation
Marching to the Beat: The Role of Complementor Alignment in the Architectural Evolution of Ecosystems
Zhang, P., Chen, L., Yang, Y., & Li, S. (2025) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063251368267 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Unveiling the factors driving the continued adoption intentions of digital platforms among complementors: Insights from SEM and fsQCA
Lee, D.-M., Liu, T., Fu, Y., & Song, Z. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105550 · Cited by 3
Network Effects on Platform Markets. Revisiting the Theoretical Literature
Soares, I., & Nieto-Mengotti, M. (2024) · Scientific Annals of Economics and Business · doi:10.47743/saeb-2024-0029 · Cited by 3
Research on the Growth Mechanism of Entrepreneurship by Knowledge Coupling Based on Multi-agent Interaction
Gao, X. (2024) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-024-02170-x · Cited by 3
“…mechanism of ecosystem includes the sharing mechanism of digital technology; the support mechanism of market information to catalyze the continuous growth of start-ups is the issue we should concern in the future in the process of continuous iteration of this complex system (Chen et al., 2022).”
Organizational diversity of social-mission platforms: Advancing a configurational research agenda
Dessy, E., Mair, J., & Xhauflair, V. (2024) · Information and organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100514 · Cited by 3
Knowledge sharing decision-making under stochastic factors in platform ecosystems: the diversified participants' perspective
Xu, H.-D., & Wang, J. (2024) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-05-2024-1180 · Cited by 3
Complementors’ interactions in the wind energy ecosystem: coopetitive dynamics
Carst, A. E. (2024) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2024.2359375 · Cited by 4
“Besides increasing innovation complexity through collaborations with other ecosystem actors, complementors engage in multihoming, a strategy that allows for risk diversification and value capture from other ecosystems (Cennamo and Santalo 2019; Chen et al. 2021; Wareham, Fox, and Giner 2014).”
The choice of suppliers and consumers: the evolutionary game equilibrium of platforms
Ma, L., Zhao, W., Dong, L.-Z., & Du, Y. (2024) · Technology Analysis & Strategic Management · doi:10.1080/09537325.2024.2330562 · Cited by 3
“There are many literatures on how platform owners achieve market goals through rules, constraints and antecedents (Chen et al. 2021).”
Influential
All-in-one strategy of platforms: Crafting multiproduct ecosystems
Rong, K., Zhao, Y., Kang, Z., & Parente, R. (2025) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103394 · Cited by 5
Driving user adoption of mobile apps through platform multihoming: The effects of multihoming delay and multihoming customization
Tafesse, W., & Shen, K. N. (2024) · Int. J. Inf. Manag. Data Insights · doi:10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100263 · Cited by 3
Ecosystem Orchestration: Mechanisms, Regimes, and Theories of the Firm Foundations
Mozheiko, S., Shi, X., & Tong, T. W. (2026) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2025.0078 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Knowledge collaboration in platform ecosystems: a systematic literature review
Chen, Y., Guo, Y.-Y., Fan, Y., & Qin, W. (2026) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/jkm-02-2025-0248 · Cited by 2
AI orchestrator: How recommendation algorithms shape complementor strategy and market equality
Zhang, X., Tong, S., Luo, X.-M., Lin, Z.-J., & Li, J. (2026) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.70073 · Cited by 2

Authors: Chen, L., Yi, J., Li, S., & Tong, T. W.
Affiliations: The University of Melbourne (AU)
Renmin University of China (CN)
University of South Carolina (US)
University of Colorado
Corresponding author: Yi, Jingtao
ORCID: Chen, Liang
Yi, Jingtao
Li, Sali
Tong, Tony W.
Venue: Journal of Management
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2021-03-05
Volume: 48
Issue: 3
Pages: 630-656
ISSN: 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
1557-1211
DOI: 10.1177/0149206320988337
OpenAlex: W3114481013
Cited by: 177
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 6
FWCI: 20.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Journal of Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University) (submittedVersion)
Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
Funders: The University of Melbourne Early Career Researcher Grant (ECR0182020)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71873136)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategy and Innovation
Keywords: platform governance, platform ecosystems, complementors, multihoming, open governance, ecological complexity, product customization, modularity, iOS, Android

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Platform Governance Design in Platform Ecosystems: Implications for Complementors’ Multihoming Decision

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